Philip Sidney, 3rd Earl of Leicester (10 January 1619 – 6 March 1698) was an English politician who sat in the
House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. ...
at various times between 1640 and 1659 and became
Earl of Leicester in 1677. He supported the
Parliamentarian cause in the
Wars of the Three Kingdoms
The Wars of the Three Kingdoms were a series of related conflicts fought between 1639 and 1653 in the kingdoms of Kingdom of England, England, Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland and Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland, then separate entities united in a pers ...
, when he was known as
Viscount Lisle, a subsidiary title of the Earls of Leicester.
Sidney was the son of
Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester, and his wife
Dorothy Percy, daughter of
Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland. In April 1640, he was elected
Member of Parliament
A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with Bicameralism, bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house ...
for
Yarmouth, Isle of Wight in the
Short Parliament. He was elected MP for both Yarmouth and
St Ives for the
Long Parliament
The Long Parliament was an English Parliament which lasted from 1640 until 1660. It followed the fiasco of the Short Parliament, which had convened for only three weeks during the spring of 1640 after an 11-year parliamentary absence. In Septem ...
in November 1640, and chose to sit for Yarmouth.
He was Colonel of a Regiment of Horse in Ireland in 1641.
Lord Lisle supported the parliamentarian cause in the civil war and was
Lord Lieutenant and Commander-in-Chief of Ireland from 1646 to 1647. He survived
Pride's Purge in 1648 to sit in the
Rump Parliament and was a councillor of state from 1648 to 1650. He was appointed a judge for the trial of
King Charles I but declined to act. He was president of the council from 1651 to 1652. He was councillor of state and councillor to the lord protector in 1653. Also in 1653, he was elected MP for
Kent
Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north-west, Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west, and Essex to the north across the estuary of the River Thames; it faces ...
in the
Barebones Parliament
Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Little Parliament, the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653, and was the last attempt of the English Commonwealth to find a stable political form before the ins ...
.
[ In 1654 he was elected MP for ]Isle of Wight
The Isle of Wight ( ) is a Counties of England, county in the English Channel, off the coast of Hampshire, from which it is separated by the Solent. It is the List of islands of England#Largest islands, largest and List of islands of England#Mo ...
, a constituency that only existed in the First Protectorate Parliament
The First Protectorate Parliament was summoned by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell under the terms of the Instrument of Government. It sat for one term from 3 September 1654 until 22 January 1655 with William Lenthall as the Speaker of the ...
.[ He was appointed to Cromwell's "House of Lords" in 1658 under the designation "Lord Viscount Lisle". In 1659 he was returned to the House of Commons for the Restored Rump parliament.
On the restoration of King Charles II in 1660 Lord Lisle received a pardon. In 1677 he inherited the ]Earldom
Earl () is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. The title originates in the Old English word ''eorl'', meaning "a man of noble birth or rank". The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form '' jarl'', and meant " chieftain", partic ...
on the death of his father.
Lord Lisle married Lady Catherine Cecil, daughter of William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, and his wife Lady Catherine Howard, in 1645. Their children were Dorothy and Robert
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, h ...
; the latter succeeded to his father's earldom.
His younger brother Algernon Sydney fought for Parliament in the First English Civil War
The First English Civil War took place in England and Wales from 1642 to 1646, and forms part of the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. They include the Bishops' Wars, the Irish Confederate Wars, the Second English Civil War, the A ...
, denounced Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English politician and military officer who is widely regarded as one of the most important statesmen in English history. He came to prominence during the 1639 to 1651 Wars of the Three K ...
as a tyrant, and was executed for treason in 1683 for alleged involvement in the Rye House Plot. Henry Sydney (1641-1704) was a signatory of the 1688 Invitation to William, inviting him to remove James II of England
James VII and II (14 October 1633 16 September 1701) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II, and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II, on 6 February 1685. He was deposed in the Glorious Re ...
from the throne.
References
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Leicester, Philip Sidney, 3rd Earl Of
1619 births
1698 deaths
3rd Earl of Leicester
Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
Roundheads
Philip
English MPs 1640 (April)
English MPs 1640–1648
English MPs 1648–1653
English MPs 1653 (Barebones)
English MPs 1654–1655
Members of Parliament for the Isle of Wight