Phenacolepadidae is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

of small

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

s or false

limpet Limpets are a group of aquatic snails that exhibit a conical shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. Limpets are members of the class Gastropoda, but are polyphyletic, meaning the various groups called "limpets" descended indep ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the clade

Cycloneritimorpha Cycloneritida (nerites and false-limpets) is an order of land snails, freshwater snails, and sea snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Cycloneritida. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/ap ...

(according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). This family has no subfamilies according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005. Although the shell shape of genera in this family is that of a

, the family is in fact closely related to the

Neritidae Neritidae, common name the nerites, is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized saltwater and freshwater snails which have a gill and a distinctive operculum. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Neritininae Poey, 1852. Accessed through: ...

, the nerites.

Genera and species

Genera and species within the family Phenacolepadidae include: * Subfamily Phenacolepadinae Pilsbry, 1895 ** ''

Hyalopatina ''Hyalopatina'' is a genus of very small sea snails or limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Phenacolepadinae of the family Phenacolepadidae Phenacolepadidae is a family (biology), family of small sea snails or false limpets, ma ...

'' Dall, 1889 ** ''

Magadis The magadis ( grc, Μάγαδις) was an ancient Greek musical instrument, possibly a Ancient Greek harps, Greek harp. It is usually believed to be a stringed instrument similar to a psaltery or harp, though some earlier sources like the transl ...

'' Melvill & Standen, 1899 ** ''

Plesiothyreus ''Plesiothyreus'' is a genus of very small sea snails or limpets, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Phenacolepadinae of the family (biology), family Phenacolepadidae. Species Species within the genus ''Plesiothyreus'' ...

'' Cossman, 1888 ** ''

Zacalantica ''Zacalantica'' is a genus of very small sea snails or limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Phenacolepadinae of the family Phenacolepadidae Phenacolepadidae is a family (biology), family of small sea snails or false limpets, ma ...

'' Iredale, 1929 * Subfamily Shinkailepadinae Okutani, Saito & Hashimoto, 1989 ** '' Divia'' Fukumori, Yahagi, Warén & Kano, 2019 ** ''

Shinkailepas ''Shinkailepas'' is a genus of sea snails or false limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Phenacolepadidae Phenacolepadidae is a family (biology), family of small sea snails or false limpets, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk ...

'' Okutani et al., 1989 - a

hydrothermal vent A hydrothermal vent is a fissure on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges. They are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, and hotspot ...

genus ** '' Thalassonerita'' Moroni, 1966 ; Genera brought into synonymy: * ''Cinnalapeta'' Iredale, 1929: synonym of ''

'' Cossmann, 1888 * ''

Olgasolaris ''Olgasolaris'' is a genus of small, limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Phenacolepadidae Phenacolepadidae is a family (biology), family of small sea snails or false limpets, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollus ...

'' L. Beck, 1992: synonym of ''

'' Okutani, Saito & Hashimoto, 1989 * ''

Phenacolepas ''Phenacolepas'' is a genus of small sea snails that have a limpet-like or patelliform shell. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the family Phenacolepadidae Phenacolepadidae is a family (biology), family of small sea snails or false limp ...

'' Pilsbry, 1891: synonym of ''

'' Cossmann, 1888 * ''

Scutellina ''Scutellina'' is a genus of small limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Phenacolepadidae. Scutellina is now a synonym of ''Plesiothyreus ''Plesiothyreus'' is a genus of very small sea snails or limpets, marine (ocea ...

'' Gray, 1847: synonym of ''

'' Cossmann, 1888

References

* Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526

External links

Fukumori H., Yahagi T., Warén A. & Kano Y. (2019). Amended generic classification of the marine gastropod family Phenacolepadidae: transitions from snails to limpets and shallow-water to deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 185(3): 636-655
{{Neritimorpha-stub