''Phasianella'',

common name In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contrast ...

the pheasant shells, is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of small

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

s with a

calcareous Calcareous () is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines. In zoology ''Calcareous'' is used as an adje ...

operculum and a colorfully patterned shell, a

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

in the family

Phasianellidae Phasianellidae common name the "pheasant shells" or "pheasant snails" is a family of small sea snails with calcareous opercula, marine gastropod mollusks in the subclass Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major Taxonomy (biology), taxonomi ...

Description

The white shell has a bulimiform or subglobose shape. It is polished, without epidermis or nacre, variegated with bright colors. The heavy operculum is calcareous, internally paucispiral, with a nucleus near the basal margin. It is externally convex. The columella is smooth, arcuate and not dentate. The animal has long tentacles, and has usually pectinated head lobes. These frontal lobes distinguish this genus from ''

Tricolia ''Tricolia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tricoliinae of the family Phasianellidae. This genus formerly belonged to the family Tricoliidae. Description This genus consists of small species with a head w ...

'', which lacks frontal lobes. The epipodial line contains generally cirrhi. The branchial plume is long. The narrow foot is long, pointed posteriorly, rounded before. Below it is divided longitudinally by a median groove. The rhomboidal jaws are covered with imbricating scales. The

radula The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...

is rather short. The formula of teeth is typically ∞ 5.1.5 ∞, but sometimes lacks the median and outer lateral teeth. Contrary to most spiral species, the two gills in Phasiannela are close together, so as to appear almost as one.

Distribution

The species in this genus occur in the tropical Indo-West Pacific and off

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

Species

Species within the genus ''Phasianella'' include: * ''

Phasianella australis ''Phasianella australis'', common names the Australian pheasant, painted lady, and pheasant snail, is a medium-sized to large species of sea snail with a calcareous operculum and a colorfully patterned shell, a marine gastropod mollusc in t ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * † ''

Phasianella brandenburgi ''Phasianella'', common name the pheasant shells, is a genus of small sea snails with a calcareous operculum and a colorfully patterned shell, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Phasianellidae. Description The white shell has a bulimiform ...

'' O. Boettger, 1907Robertson R. (2010). "A true ''Phasianella'' from the Middle Miocene (Badenian) Central Paratethys of Romania (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Phasianellidae)". '' Archiv für Molluskenkunde'' 139(2): 247-253. . * ''

Phasianella bryani ''Phasianella'', common name the pheasant shells, is a genus of small sea snails with a calcareous operculum and a colorfully patterned shell, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Phasianellidae. Description The white shell has a bulimiform ...

'' Pilsbry, 1917Henry A. Pilsbry (1917), Marine Mollusks of Hawaii, I-III; Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Vol. 69, No. 2 (Apr. -Sep., 1917), pp. 207-230
/ref> * ''

Phasianella molokaiensis ''Phasianella'', common name the pheasant shells, is a genus of small sea snails with a calcareous operculum and a colorfully patterned shell, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Phasianellidae. Description The white shell has a bulimiform ...

'' Pilsbry, 1917 (taxon inquirendum) * ''

Phasianella nivosa ''Phasianella nivosa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The shell grows to a height of 2 cm. The spire attains a moderate height with rounded whorls. The color of the shell ha ...

'' Reeve, 1862 * ''

Phasianella solida ''Phasianella solida'', common name the solid pheasant, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The size of the shell varies between 8 mm and 32 mm. Protoconch is smooth and the ...

'' (Born, 1778) * ''

Phasianella ventricosa ''Phasianella ventricosa'', common name the swollen pheasant shell or common pheasant shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Phasianella ventricosa Swain ...

'' Swainson, 1822 * ''

Phasianella wisemanni ''Phasianella'', common name the pheasant shells, is a genus of small sea snails with a wiktionary:calcareous, calcareous Operculum (gastropod), operculum and a colorfully patterned shell, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc in the family ...

'' Baird, 1873 (taxon inquirendum) ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Phasianella adamsi'' Philippi, 1853: synonym of ''

Eulithidium adamsi ''Eulithidium adamsi'' is a species of minute colorful sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant shells. Description The shell grows to a height of 3.8 mm. The elongate shell has a pointed ovate shape ...

'' (Philippi, 1853) * ''Phasianella aethiopica'' Philippi, 1853: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Phasianella affinis'' C. B. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''

Eulithidium affine ''Eulithidium affine'', common name the polka-dot pheasant or the spotted pheasant, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The height of the shell reaches 6.2 mm. The elongate shell ...

'' (C. B. Adams, 1850) * ''Phasianella africana'' Bartsch, 1915: synonym of ''

Tricolia africana ''Tricolia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tricoliinae of the family Phasianellidae. This genus formerly belonged to the family Tricoliidae. Description This genus consists of small species with a head wi ...

'' (Bartsch, 1915) * ''Phasianella angulifera'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

Littoraria angulifera ''Littoraria angulifera'' or the mangrove periwinkle is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Littorinidae, the winkles. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Littoraria angulifera (Lamarck, 1822). Accessed through: W ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Phasianella bella'' M. Smith, 1937: synonym of ''

Eulithidium bellum ''Eulithidium bellum'', common name the shouldered pheasant shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description Th height of the shell varies between 2 mm and 6 mm. Distribution Th ...

'' (M. Smith, 1937) * ''Phasianella bifasciata'' Brown, 1827: synonym of ''

Lacuna vincta ''Lacuna vincta'', commonly known as the northern lacuna, the wide lacuna, the northern chink shell, or the banded chink shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. It is ...

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Phasianella brevis'' C. B. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''

'' (Philippi, 1853) * ''Phasianella brevis'' Vélain, 1877: synonym of '' Tricolia munieri'' (Vélain, 1877) * ''Phasianella brevis'' auct. non d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of ''

Gabrielona sulcifera ''Gabrielona sulcifera'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The size of the shell varies between 1.3 mm and 3 mm. Distribution This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea, t ...

'' Robertson, 1973 * ''Phasianella brevis'' Menke, 1843 : synonym of ''Phasianella ventricosa'' Swainson, 1822 (invalid: junior homonym of ''Phasianella brevis'' d'Orbigny, 1842; ''P. turgida'' is a replacement name) * ''Phasianella brevissima'' Pilsbry, 1888: synonym of '' Eulithidium breve'' (d'Orbigny, 1842) omen dubium* ''Phasianella bulimoides'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

'' Gmelin, 1788 * ''Phasianella caloundra Iredale, 1927:OBIS: ''Phasianella caloundra''
/ref> synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Phasianella canalis'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Phasianella capensis'' Dunker, 1846: synonym of ''

Tricolia capensis ''Tricolia capensis'', common name the pheasant shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The size of the shell varies between 5 mm and 15 mm. Distribution This marine sp ...

'' (Dunker, 1846) * ''Phasianella concinna'' C. B. Adams, 1850 : synonym of ''

'' (C. B. Adams, 1850) * ''Phasianella concolor'' C. B. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''

Assiminea succinea ''Angustassiminea succinea'' is a species of minute operculate snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Assimineidae Assimineidae is a family of minute snails, also known as palmleaf snails, with an operculum, gas ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1840) * ''Phasianella cornea'' Brown, 1827: synonym of ''

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Phasianella crassior'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''

Lacuna crassior ''Lacuna crassior'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. Distribution ''Lacuna crassior'' is a circumboreal and subarctic species that has Britain as its ...

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Phasianella decorata'' Chenu: synonym of ''

'' Gmelin, 1788 * ''Phasianella delicatula'' Tenison-Woods, J.E., 1877: synonym of ''

'' Gmelin, 1788 * ''Phasianella elachista'' Melvill, 1901: synonym of ''

Tricolia fordiana ''Tricolia fordiana'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Tricolia fordiana'' (Pilsbry, 1888). Accessed through: World Re ...

'' (Pilsbry, 1888) * ''Phasianella elongata'' Krauss, 1848: : synonym of ''

Tricolia elongata ''Tricolia elongata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description Distribution This marine species occurs in the Indian Ocean off southern Mozambique and north-eastern South Africa ...

'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''Phasianella fasciata'' Menke, 1830: synonym of ''

Bankivia fasciata ''Bankivia fasciata'', common name the banded kelp shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Bankivia fasciata'' (Menke, 1830). Accessed through: World Register of ...

'' (Menke, 1830) * ''Phasianella ferussaci'' Guerin 1829 : synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella flammulata'' (Hutton, 1878): synonym of '' Eatoniella huttoni'' (Pilsbry, 1888) * ''Phasianella formosa'' Turton, 1932: synonym of ''

Tricolia formosa ''Tricolia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tricoliinae of the family Phasianellidae. This genus formerly belonged to the family Tricoliidae. Description This genus consists of small species with a head wi ...

'' (Turton, 1932) * ''Phasianella fulgurata'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of ''

Phasianella variegata ''Phasianella solida'', common name the solid pheasant, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The size of the shell varies between 8 mm and 32 mm. Protoconch is smooth and the ...

'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella fulminata'' Menke, 1830: synonym of ''

'' (Menke, 1830) * ''Phasianella grata'' Philippi, 1853: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Phasianella histrio'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Phasianella inflexa'' Blainville, 1825: synonym of ''

Melanella dufresnii ''Melanella'' is a genus of very small ectoparasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Eulimidae.Gofas, S. (2011). Melanella Bowdich, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://ww ...

'' Bowdich, 1822 * ''Phasianella intermedia'' Scacchi, 1836: synonym of '' Tricolia tenuis'' (Michaud, 1829) * ''Phasianella jaspidea'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Phasianella kraussi'' E. A. Smith, 1911: synonym of '' Tricolia kraussi'' (E. A. Smith, 1911) * ''Phasianella lehmanni'' Menke, 1830: synonym of ''

'' Gmelin, 1788 * ''Phasianella lentiginosa'' Reeve: synonym of ''

'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella lineata'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Littoraria tessellata'' (Philippi, 1847) * ''Phasianella lineata'' auct. non Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

Echinolittorina interrupta ''Echinolittorina interrupta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affin ...

'' (Philippi, 1847) * ''Phasianella lineolata'' Wood, 1828: synonym of ''

'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella lipeata'' Krebs, 1864: synonym of ''

Eulithidium tessellatum ''Eulithidium tessellatum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The shell size varies between 3 mm and 6 mm. The short and solid shell has an oval or ovate shape. The spire ...

'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * ''Phasianella lymnaeoides'' Anton 1839: synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella meleagris'' Potiez & Michaud, 1838: synonym of '' Echinolittorina meleagris'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * ''Phasianella minima'' Melvill, 1896: synonym of ''

'' (Pilsbry, 1888) * ''Phasianella minuta'' Anton, 1838: synonym of ''

'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * ''Phasianella modesta'' Gould, 1861: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Phasianella montebelloensis'' Preston, 1914: synonym of ''

'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella munieri'' Vélain, 1877: synonym of '' Tricolia munieri'' (Vélain, 1877) * ''Phasianella nebulosa'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Littoraria nebulosa'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Phasianella nepeanensis'' Gatliff & Gabriel, 1908: synonym of ''

Gabrielona nepeanensis ''Gabrielona nepeanensis'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Gabrielona nepeanensis'' (Gatliff & Gabriel, 1908). Accesse ...

'' (Gatliff & Gabriel, 1908) * ''Phasianella neritina'' Dunker, 1846: synonym of '' Tricolia neritina'' (Dunker, 1846) * ''Phasianella nivosa'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of ''

'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella peruviana'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Echinolittorina peruviana'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Phasianella petiti'' Craven, 1882: synonym of '' Tricolia petiti'' (Craven, 1882) * ''Phasianella picta'' DeBlain: synonym of ''

'' Gmelin, 1788 * ''Phasianella preissi'' Menke, 1830: synonym of ''

'' Gmelin, 1788 * ''Phasianella pullus'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of ''

Tricolia pullus ''Tricolia pullus'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Subspecies Subspecies within this species are not clearly distinguishable and are described on a geographical base. They include: * '' ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Phasianella punctata'' Pfeiffer, 1840: synonym of '' Echinolittorina meleagris'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * ''Phasianella reticulata'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of ''

'' Swainson, 1822 * ''Phasianella rubens'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella sanguinea'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of ''

'' Swainson, 1822 * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''albina'' Monterosato 1880: synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''atra'' Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus 1884: synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''atrata'' Dautzenberg 1883: synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''aurea'' Dautzenberg 1882: synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''lactea'' Monterosato 1880: synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''maculata'' Monterosato 1880: synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''major'' Monterosato 1880: synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''normalis'' Monterosato 1880: synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''purpurea'' Dautzenberg 1883: synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''sanguinea'' Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus 1884: synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''spirolineata'' Monterosato 1880: synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella speciosa'' var. ''viridis'' Monterosato 1880: synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Phasianella splendida'' Philippi, 1853: synonym of ''

'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella striata'' Brown, 1827: synonym of ''

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Phasianella striolata'' Turton, 1932: synonym of ''

Tricolia striolata ''Tricolia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tricoliinae of the family Phasianellidae. This genus formerly belonged to the family Tricoliidae. Description This genus consists of small species with a head wi ...

'' (Turton, 1932) * ''Phasianella stylifera'' Turton, 1825: synonym of '' Pelseneeria stylifera'' (Turton, 1825) * ''Phasianella sulcata'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Littoraria irrorata'' (Say, 1822) * ''Phasianella sulcosa'' Mighels, 1843: synonym of '' Odostomia sulcosa'' (Mighels, 1843) * ''Phasianella tessellata'' Potiez & Michaud, 1838: synonym of ''

'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * ''Phasianella tesselata'' C. B. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''

'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * ''Phasianella tessellata'' Anton, 1838: synonym of '' Echinolittorina punctata'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Phasianella thaanumi'' Pilsbry, 1917: synonym of '' Hiloa variabilis'' (Pease, 1861) * ''Phasianella tomlini'' Gatliff & Gabriel, 1921: synonym of '' Tricolia tomlini'' (Gatliff & Gabriel, 1921) * ''Phasianella tritonis'' Chemnitz, 1788: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Phasianella turgida'' Philippi, 1853 : synonym of ''

'' Swainson, 1822 * ''Phasianella undatella'' Menke, 1830: synonym of ''

'' (Menke, 1830) * ''Phasianella variabilis'' Pease, 1888: synonym of '' Hiloa variabilis'' (Pease, 1861) (unaccepted combination) * ''Phasianella variegata'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) (invalid: junior homonym of ''P. variegata'' de Roissy, 1805) * ''Phasianella velaini'' Lamy, 1931: synonym of '' Tricolia munieri'' (Vélain, 1877) * ''Phasianella umbilicatum'' auct. non d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of ''

'' (C. B. Adams, 1850) * ''Phasianella varia'' Lamarck, 1822: : synonym of ''

'' Gmelin, 1788 * ''Phasianella venosa'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of ''

''Swainson, 1822 * ''Phasianella venusta'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Phasianella vincta'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Phasianella viridis'' Anton: synonym of ''

'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Phasianella zebra'' Gray in Reeve, 1862: synonym of ''

''Swainson, 1822 * ''Phasianella zigzag'' Odhner, 1919: : synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778)

References

* Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.

External links

Uniprot taxonomy

WoRMS
{{Commons category Phasianellidae Extant Miocene first appearances Gastropod genera Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck