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The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family 
*''
Tettigoniidae
Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America), or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned grasshoppers". More than 8,000 species are known. Part of the suborder Ensifera, ...
. Nearly 2,060 species in 85 genera throughout the world are known. They are also known as false katydids or round-headed katydids.
The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old World genus ''Phaneroptera
''Phaneroptera'' is an Old World genus of bush crickets in the family Tettigoniidae and is the type genus of the subfamily Phaneropterinae. It was described by Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville in 1831 and species are recorded from Europe, Africa ...
'' (type species '' P. falcata''), meaning "visible wing"; this refers to the exposed tips of the inner wings seen in many species, although some genera, notably in the tribes Barbitistini
The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae. Nearly 2,060 species in 85 genera throughout the world are known. They are also known as false katydids or round-h ...
and Odonturini
The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae. Nearly 2,060 species in 85 genera throughout the world are known. They are also known as false katydids or round-h ...
have become brachypterous
Brachyptery is an anatomical condition in which an animal has very reduced wings. Such animals or their wings may be described as "brachypterous". Another descriptor for very small wings is microptery.
Brachypterous wings generally are not functi ...
.
Description
The legs of individuals in this subfamily vary from genus to genus, but, as in nearly allOrthoptera
Orthoptera () is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets, including closely related insects, such as the bush crickets or katydids and wētā. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – grass ...
, the posterior (rear) legs are adapted to leaping, and as such are always much longer than other legs.
The Phaneropterinae are largely arboreal
Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals in trees. In habitats in which trees are present, animals have evolved to move in them. Some animals may scale trees only occasionally, but others are exclusively arboreal. The habitats pose num ...
in habitat. The vast majority of species live in shrubs and trees, feeding on leaves and twigs. Some species might potentially cause significant damage, though usually superficial, when present in large numbers, but this is rare; they usually are solitary, unlike meadow grasshoppers, so much so that they seldom come to human notice.
The ovipositor
The ovipositor is a tube-like organ used by some animals, especially insects, for the laying of eggs. In insects, an ovipositor consists of a maximum of three pairs of appendages. The details and morphology of the ovipositor vary, but typica ...
and male genitalia vary according to the genus. The Phaneropterinae differ from other subfamilies of Tettigoniidae (and other Orthoptera) in their oviposition; their eggs are rarely deposited in the earth, but are either glued in double rows to twigs, or are inserted in the edges of leaves.
Taxonomy
The subfamily Phaneropterinae was first erected in 1838 by Germanzoologist
Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and ...
Hermann Burmeister
Karl Hermann Konrad Burmeister (also known as Carlos Germán Conrado Burmeister) (15 January 1807 – 2 May 1892) was a German Argentine zoologist, entomologist, herpetologist, botanist, and coleopterologist. He served as a professor at the Univ ...
. , Orthoptera Species File lists the following tribes, subtribes, genus groups, and genera.
Acrometopini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Europe, the Middle East, Africa *''Acrometopa
''Acrometopa'' is a genus of bush crickets in the subfamily Phaneropterinae
The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae. Nearly 2,060 species in 85 genera ...
'' Fieber, 1853
*'' Altihoratosphaga'' Hemp, Voje, Heller & Hemp, 2010
*'' Conchotopoda'' Karsch, 1887
*'' Horatosphaga'' Schaum, 1853
*'' Lamecosoma'' Ragge, 1960
*'' Peronura'' Karsch, 1889
*'' Peronurella'' Hemp, 2017
*'' Prosphaga'' Ragge, 1960
*'' Tenerasphaga'' Hemp, 2017
Amblycoryphini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Africa
Barbitistini
Auth.: Jacobson, 1905 – Europe to central Asia
Catoptropterigini
Auth.: Massa, 2016 – Africa *'' Catoptropteryx'' Karsch, 1890 *'' Griffinipteryx'' Massa, 2016Ducetiini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, India, China, Indochina to Australia
*''Abaxisotima
''Abaxisotima'' is a genus of bush crickets found in China.
Species
GBIF includes:
#'' Abaxisotima acuminata''
#'' Abaxisotima bicolor''
#'' Abaxisotima brevifissa''
#'' Abaxisotima forcipiforma''
#''Abaxisotima furca''
#''Abaxisotima macr ...
'' Gorochov, 2005
*'' Agnapha'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
*''Ducetia
''Ducetia'' is the type genus of the Ducetiini: a tribe of Asian bush crickets (subfamily Phaneropterinae
The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae. Nea ...
'' Stål, 1874
*'' Kuwayamaea'' Matsumura & Shiraki, 1908
*''Noia
Noia () is a town and municipality in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. It is the capital of the comarca with the same name. It has a population of 14,947 inhabitants (2010),Paraducetia'' Gorochov & Kang, 2002
*'' Paragnapha'' Willemse, 1923
*''
Auth.: Rehn, 1950 – tropical Americas
*''
*'' Cnemidophyllum'' Rehn, 1917
*'' Emsleyfolium'' Cadena-Castañeda, Mendes & Alves-Oliveira, 2016
*'' Nicklephyllum'' Cadena-Castañeda, 2016
*''
*''
Auth.: Karsh, 1890 - tropical Africa
*'' Gravenreuthia'' Karsch, 1892
*'' Zeuneria'' Karsch, 1889
Prohimerta
''Prohimerta'' is an Asian genus of Tettigoniidae, bush crickets found in Indochina (mostly Vietnam) and China.
Species
, subgenera and species include:
;''Prohimerta'' (''Anisotima'') Bey-Bienko, 1951
# ''Prohimerta choui'' (Kang & Yang, 19 ...
'' Hebard, 1922
*''Shirakisotima
''Shirakisotima'' is a genus of the '' Ducetiini'', a tribe of Asian bush crickets (subfamily ''Phaneropterinae
The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniida ...
'' Furukawa, 1963
*'' Subibulbistridulous'' Shi, 2002
Dysoniini
Auth.: Rehn, 1950 – tropical Americas
Ectemnini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – tropical Americas *'' Ectemna'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 *'' Euthyrrhachis'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878Elimaeini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 – Asia
*''Ectadia
''Ectadia''Brunner von Wattenwyl (1878) ''Monographie der Phaneropteriden'' 14, 103. is a genus of Asian Tettigoniidae, bush crickets of the tribe Elimaeini (subfamily Phaneropterinae). Records are primarily from southern China and Indochina.
S ...
'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
*'' Elimaea'' Stål, 1874
*''Hemielimaea
''Hemielimaea'' is a genus of Asian Tettigoniidae, bush crickets found in Indochina and China (including Taiwan).
Species
, subgenera and species include:
Subgenus ''Hemielimaea'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
*''Hemielimaea adeviara'' Song, Y ...
'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
*''Orthelimaea
''Orthelimaea'' is a genus of Asian Tettigoniidae, bush crickets in the subfamily Phaneropterinae. Species in this genus are found in India, Indo-China, and Malesia.
Description
''Orthelimaea'' is now considered a separate genus in the tribe El ...
'' Karny, 1926
Holochlorini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Asia-PacificInsarini
Auth.: Rehn, & Hebard, 1914 – tropical & subtropical Americas *''Arethaea
''Arethaea'' is a genus of katydids in the family Tettigoniidae. There are at least 14 described species in ''Arethaea''.
Species
* ''Arethaea ambulator'' Hebard, 1936 (hill country thread-leg katydid)
* ''Arethaea arachnopyga'' Rehn & Hebard, 1 ...
'' Stål, 1876
*''Brachyinsara
''Brachyinsara'' is a genus of phaneropterine katydids in the family Tettigoniidae
Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America), or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-hor ...
'' Rehn & Hebard, 1914
*''Insara
''Insara'', commonly known as western bush katydids, is a genus of katydids in the family Tettigoniidae.
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus ''Insara'':
* '' Insara abbreviata'' (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878)
* '' Insara a ...
'' Walker, 1869
*'' Psilinsara'' Hebard, 1932
Kevaniellini
Auth.: Massa, 2017 – eastern Africa *'' Kevaniella'' Chopard, 1954Letanini
Auth.: Hebard, 1922 – Asia *''Himertula
''Himertula''Uvarov BP (1940) ''Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.'' 11 5: 174. is a genus of Tettigoniidae, bush crickets in the subfamily Phaneropterinae and tribe Letanini. Species can be found mostly in the Indian sub-continent.
Species
The ''Orthoptera S ...
'' Uvarov, 1940
*''Letana
''Letana'' is a genus of bush cricket: characteristic of the tribe Letanini and placed in the subfamily Phaneropterinae
The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tett ...
'' Walker, 1869
Microcentrini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – AmericasMirolliini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Asia *'' Amirollia'' Ingrisch, 2011 *''Deflorita
''Deflorita''Bolívar I (1906) ''Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat.'' 6(7): 392. is a genus of Asian Tettigoniidae, bush crickets of the tribe Mirolliini (subfamily Phaneropterinae).
Records for species distributions include: Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan ...
'' Bolívar, 1906
*'' Hemimirollia'' Ingrisch, 2011
*''Hueikaeana
''Hueikaeana''Ingrisch (1998) ''Ent. Zeitschr.'' 108(3): 96. is a genus of Asian Tettigoniidae, bush crickets of the tribe Mirolliini within the subfamily Phaneropterinae.
Species
The ''Orthoptera Species File'' lists the following species found ...
'' Ingrisch, 1998
*''Mirollia
''Mirollia''Stål C (1873) ''Ofv. K. Vetensk. Akad. Forh.'' 30(4): 42. is the type genus of Asian Tettigoniidae, bush crickets of the tribe Mirolliini: in the subfamily Phaneropterinae. Species have been recorded from India, southern China, Ind ...
'' Stål, 1873
Morgeniini
Auth.: Karsch, 1890 - central and western Africa *'' Mangomaloba'' Sjöstedt, 1902 *'' Morgenia'' Karsch, 1890Odonturini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Iberian peninsula, Africa, Pacific islandsOtiaphysini
Auth.: Karsch, 1889 - Africa *'' Debrona'' Walker, 1870 *'' Drepanophyllum'' Karsch, 1890 *'' Stenamblyphyllum'' Karsch, 1896 *'' Tetraconcha'' Karsch, 1890Pardalotini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 - Africa *'' Pardalota'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 *''Poecilogramma
''Poecilogramma''Karsch (1887) ''Entom. Nachricht.'' 13: 52. is a genus of African sickle-bearing bush crickets in the tribe Pardalotini, described by Karsch in 1887.
Species
The ''Orthoptera Species File'' lists:
#'' Poecilogramma annulifemu ...
'' Karsch, 1887
Percynini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America *'' Percyna'' Grant, 1964 *'' Sictuna'' Walker, 1869Phaneropterini
Auth.: Burmeister, 1838 – distributed worldwide
Phlaurocentrini
Auth.: Karsch, 1889 – Africa *'' Buettneria'' Karsch, 1889 *'' Leiodontocercus'' Chopard, 1954 *'' Phlaurocentrum'' Karsch, 1889Phyllopterini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878Plagiopleurini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America *'' Diplophyllus'' Saussure, 1859 *'' Parableta'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 *'' Plagiopleura'' Stål, 1873Plangiopsidini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa *'' Plangiola'' Bolívar, 1906 *'' Plangiopsis'' Karsch, 1889Poreuomenini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa *'' Cestromoecha'' Karsch, 1893 *'' Paraporeuomena'' Massa, 2018 *'' Poreuomena'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878Preussiini
Auth.: Karsch, 1890 – Africa *'' Enochletica'' Karsch, 1896 *'' Preussia'' Karsch, 1890 *'' Weissenbornia'' Karsch, 1888Pycnopalpini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 – Central and South AmericaScudderiini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas
Steirodontini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America
*'' Cnemidophyllum'' Rehn, 1917
*'' Emsleyfolium'' Cadena-Castañeda, Mendes & Alves-Oliveira, 2016
*'' Nicklephyllum'' Cadena-Castañeda, 2016
*''Steirodon
''Steirodon'' is a genus of large Phaneropterinae, phaneropterine katydids in the family Tettigoniidae, native to tropical and subtropical forests in South America, Central America and Mexico.
They are fairly large to very large Leaf-mimic katyd ...
'' Serville, 1831
*''Stilpnochlora
''Stilpnochlora'' is a genus of Phaneropterinae, phaneropterine katydids in the family Tettigoniidae, native to tropical and subtropical parts of the Americas. There are about 15 described species in ''Stilpnochlora''.
They are relatively large ...
'' Stål, 1873
Terpnistrini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Sri Lanka *'' Diogena'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 *'' Gelotopoia'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 *'' Terpnistria'' Stål, 1873 *'' Terpnistrioides'' Ragge, 1980 *'' Tropidophrys'' Karsch, 1896Trigonocoryphini
Auth.: Bei-Bienko, 1954 – Middle East, India, Malaysia *'' Cosmozoma'' Karsch, 1889 *'' Megotoessa'' Karsch, 1889 *'' Trigonocorypha'' Stål, 1873Tylopsidini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, Middle East, western Asia
*''Tylopsis
''Tylopsis'' is a genus of Tettigoniidae, bush crickets in the subfamily Phaneropterinae and the monotypic tribe Tylopsidini. Species are found in mainland Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
Species
* ''Tylopsis ampla'' Ragge, 1964
* ''Tylops ...
'' Fieber, 1853
Vossiini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa, AsiaZeuneriini
Auth.: Karsh, 1890 - tropical Africa
*'' Gravenreuthia'' Karsch, 1892
*'' Zeuneria'' Karsch, 1889
Genus groups
Subtribe Trachyzulphina Gorochov, 2014 – China, Indochina, Malesia *''Trachyzulpha
''Trachyzulpha''Dohrn (1892) ''Stett. Entomol. Z.'' 53: 67. is a genus of Tettigoniidae, bush crickets in the subfamily Phaneropterinae, found in China, Indochina and Malaysia. It the only genus in the monogeneric tribe Trachyzulphina Gorochov, 2 ...
'' Dohrn, 1892
Genus groups include:
''
Incertae sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''
These genera have not been placed in a tribe:
References
External links
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q1999994 Orthoptera subfamilies