Phaleria (beetle)

''Phaleria'' is a genus of darkling beetles belonging to the family Tenebrionidae.

Alternative classifications

Three previously recognized genera are now included within ''Phaleria'': ''Epithaleria'' Lewis 1894 (two Japanese species), ''Phalerisida'' Kulzer 1959 (one South American species), and ''Atahualpina'' Español 1960 (one South American species). ''Epithaleria'' has also been used as a subgenus for three species of ''Phaleria'', but Triplehorn (1991) concludes that there is no basis for this.

Species

The following species have been placed in the genus ''Phaleria'':

* '' Phaleria acuminata'' Küster, 1852 ^g
* '' Phaleria anjae'' Lillig, 2010
* '' Phaleria atlantica'' Fauvel, 1899 ^g
* '' Phaleria atriceps'' (Lewis, 1894) ^g (sometimes placed in subgenus ''Epiphaleria'')
* '' Phaleria bigoti'' Ardoin, 1969 ^g
* '' Phaleria bimaculata'' ( Linnaeus, 1767) ^g
* '' Phaleria cadaverina'' (Fabricius, 1792)
* '' Phaleria cayennensis'' Laporte de Castelnau, 1840 ^g
* ''Phaleria championi'' Triplehorn and Watrous ^t
* '' Phaleria ciliata'' Wollaston, 1854 ^g
* '' Phaleria debilis'' LeConte ^t
* '' Phaleria fulva'' Fleutiaux & Sallé, 1890 ^{g t}
* ''Phaleria gayi'' Laporte ^t
* ''Phaleria gracilipes'' Casey ^t
* ''Phaleria guatemalensis'' Champion ^t
* ''Phaleria insulana'' Rey, 1890 ^g
* ''Phaleria lata'' Blaisdell ^t
* ''Phaleria maculata'' (Kulzer), 1959 (also known as ''Phalerisida maculata'') ^t
* ''Phaleria manicata'' Boheman ^t
* ''Phaleria ornata'' Wollaston, 1864 ^g
* '' Phaleria pacifica'' Champion (sometimes placed in subgenus ''Epiphaleria'') ^t
* '' Phaleria pallida'' Lewis, 1894 ^g
* '' Phaleria panamensis'' Champion (sometimes placed in subgenus ''Epiphaleria'') ^t
* '' Phaleria picipes'' Say ^{g b t}
* '' Phaleria pilifera'' LeConte ^t
* '' Phaleria prolixa'' Fairmaire, 1868 ^g
* '' Phaleria provincialis'' Fauvel, 1901 ^g
* '' Phaleria punctipes'' LeConte, 1878 ^{g t}
* '' Phaleria reveillerii'' Mulsant & Rey, 1858 ^g
* '' Phaleria rotundata'' LeConte ^{i c g b t}
* '' Phaleria subparallela'' Chevrolat (''Athualpina peruviana'' Español 1960 is regarded as a synonym; sometimes placed in subgenus ''Epiphaleria'') ^t
* '' Phaleria testacea'' Say ^{g b t}
* '' Phaleria thinophila'' Watrous and Triplehorn ^t

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net t = Triplehorn (1991)

Description

These beetles are relatively small, usually reaching a length of . They have an oval body and a mostly brown-yellow coloration. According to Triplehorn (1991), they are easily recognized by their antennae, which are stout and compact, and their tibiae, which are densely covered with coarse spines and have prominent apical spurs.

Distribution

''Phaleria'' species are widespread all around the world, with the exception of Australia, the Arctic and Antarctic. Fauna europaea
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Bibliography

*S. Schenkling: Erklärung der wissenschaftlichen Käfernamen aus Reitter's Fauna Germanica. K.G. Lutz' Verlag, Stuttgart 1917.
*H. Freude, K. W. Harde, G. A. Lohse: Die Käfer Mitteleuropas, Bd. 8. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag in Elsevier, München 1966.
*C. A. Triplehorn, L. E. Watrous: A Synopsis of the Genus Phaleria in the United States and Baja California (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). In: The Coleopterists Bulletin Vol. 33, No. 3 (Sep., 1979), pp. 275–295.
*A. Aloia, I. Colombini, u.a.: Behavioural adaptations to zonal maintenance of five species of tenebrionids living along a Tyrrhenian sandy shore. In: Marine Biology (1999) 133: 473–487.
*L. Cheng: Marine Insects. Scripps Institution of Oceanography Technical Report. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, 1976.
*I. Colombini, M. A. Mateob, u.a.: On the role of Posidonia oceanica beach wrack for macroinvertebrates of a Tyrrhenian sandy shore. In: acta oecologica No. 35 (2009), 32–44.
*C. Olabarria, M. Lastra, u.a.: Succession of macrofauna on macroalgal wrack of an exposed sandy beach: Effects of patch size and site. In: Marine Environmental Research No. 63 (2007) 19–40.
*I. Colombini, A. Chaouti, u.a.: An assessment of sandy beach macroinvertebrates inhabiting the coastal fringe of the Oued Laou river catchment area (Northern Morocco). In: Du bassin versant vers la mer: Analyse multidisciplinaire pour une gestion durable. Travaux de l'Institut Scientifique, Rabat, série générale, 2008, n°5, 81–91.
*M. Lillig: A new species of the genus Phaleria Latreille, 1802 from Dhofar in Oman (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae). In: Zoology in the Middle East No. 51, 2010: 89–93.
*C. A. Triplehorn: A review of the genus ''Phaleria'' Latreille from the Western hemisphere (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Phaleriinae). In: Coleopterists Bulletin, 45, 1991: 258-270.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2084764

Tenebrionidae genera