Phalangopsinae, occasionally known as spider crickets, are a subfamily of

crickets Crickets are orthopteran insects which are related to bush crickets, and, more distantly, to grasshoppers. In older literature, such as Imms,Imms AD, rev. Richards OW & Davies RG (1970) ''A General Textbook of Entomology'' 9th Ed. Methuen 8 ...

in the family

Phalangopsidae The Phalangopsidae are a recently reconstituted family of crickets (Orthoptera: Ensifera), based on the type genus '' Phalangopsis'' Serville, 1831 from South America. Priority for family-group names based on this genus dates from Blanchard's "' ...

. Orthoptera Species File (Version 5.0/5.0; retrieved 5 February 2019)
/ref> Members of Phalangopsinae are found worldwide in

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

and

subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical z ...

regions. Most

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

in the subfamily are

nocturnal Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnal meaning the opposite. Nocturnal creatures generally have highly developed sens ...

and can be found in rocky areas, near fallen wood, and the understory of

forests A forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function. The United Nations' ...

. Some species are gregarious, gathering in large numbers.

Taxonomy

Placement of Phalangopsinae and its genera has been controversial, with the group previously being placed family

Gryllidae The family ''Gryllidae'' contains the subfamilies and genera which entomologists now term true crickets. Having long, whip-like antennae, they belong to the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera, which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years (''e ...

. The ''Orthoptera Species File'' currently lists the following tribes and genera:

Endacustini

Auth.: Gorochov, 1986; distribution: Australia and SW Pacific islands * '' Anendacusta'' Gorochov, 2003 * '' Discotathra'' Gorochov, 2003 * '' Endacusta'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1873 * '' Endotaria'' Chopard, 1951 * '' Itarotathra'' Gorochov, 2003 * '' Lucienia'' Gorochov, 1986 * '' Nesitathra'' Otte & Rentz, 1985 * '' Protathra'' Desutter-Grandcolas, 1997 * '' Pseudendacusta'' Gorochov, 2003 * '' Tathra (insect)'' Otte & Alexander, 1983 * '' Zaclotathra'' Gorochov, 2003

Luzaropsini

Auth.: Gorochov, 1986; distribution: Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, W. Malesia * '' Larandopsis'' Chopard, 1924 * '' Luzaropsis'' Chopard, 1925 * '' Terrozacla'' Gorochov, 2014

Otteiini

Auth.: Koçak & Kemal, 2009 (synonyms Cophusini, Otteini); distribution: Caribbean * '' Cubacophus'' Ruíz-Baliú & Otte, 1997 * '' Dominicophus'' Yong, 2017 * '' Otteius'' Koçak & Kemal, 2009

Phalangopsini

Auth.: Blanchard, 1845; distribution: widespread in tropics. * subtribe Heterogryllina Hebard, 1928 ** '' Aclodes'' Hebard, 1928 ** monotypic genus '' Aspidogryllus A. singularis'' Chopard, 1933 ** monotypic genus '' Hemicophus H. paranae'' Saussure, 1878 ** monotypic genus '' Heterogryllus H. ocellaris'' Saussure, 1874 ** monotypic genus '' Howeta H. pacifica'' Otte & Rentz, 1985 ** '' Phaeophilacris'' Walker, 1871 ** '' Phalangacris'' Bolívar, 1895 ** '' Seychellesia'' Bolívar, 1912 ** '' Uvaroviella'' Chopard, 1923 * subtribe Indozaclina Gorochov, 2018 ** monotypic genus '' Indozacla I. discifera'' (Gorochov, 2003) ** '' Kempiola'' Uvarov, 1940 ** '' Opiliosina'' Desutter-Grandcolas, 2012 ** '' Phalangopsina'' Chopard, 1933 * subtribe Modestozarina Gorochov, 2014 ** monotypic genus '' Daedalonotum D. daedalum'' Gorochov, 2014 ** '' Endecous'' Saussure, 1878 ** '' Modestozara'' Gorochov, 2014 * subtribe Nemozarina Gorochov, 2014 ** '' Anemozara'' Gorochov, 2014 ** '' Lernecella'' Hebard, 1928 ** '' Nemozara'' Gorochov, 2014 * subtribe Parendacustina Gorochov, 2014 ** '' Arachnomimus'' Saussure, 1897 ** '' Longizacla'' Gorochov, 2003 ** '' Luzonogryllus'' Yamasaki, 1978 ** '' Parendacustes'' Chopard, 1924 * subtribe Phalangopsina Blanchard, 1845 ** '' Eidmanacris'' Chopard, 1956 ** '' Phalangopsis'' Serville, 1831 ** '' Philippopsis'' Desutter-Grandcolas, 1992 * subtribe not assigned ** '' Laozacla'' Gorochov, 2014 ** '' Zacla'' Gorochov, 2003

''
incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
''

* '' Anophtalmotes'' Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995 * '' Antilliclodes'' Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 * monotypic genus '' Dambachia D. eritheles'' Nischk & Otte, 2000 * monotypic genus '' Doposia D. tobago'' Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 * monotypic genus† '' Eotrella E. mira'' Gorochov, 2012 * monotypic genus† '' Eozacla Gorochov, 2012 * monotypic genus '' Hirpinus H. afer'' Stål, 1855 * '' Kumalorina'' Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 * '' Larandeicus'' Chopard, 1937 * monotypic genus '' Phaeogryllus P. fuscus'' Bolívar, 1912 * monotypic genus '' Prosecogryllus P. nossibianus'' Brancsik, 1892 * monotypic genus '' Socotracris S. kleukersi'' Felix & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2012 * monotypic genus '' Speluncasina S. annandalei'' (Chopard, 1928) * monotypic genus '' Zaora Z. morbillosa'' Walker, 1869

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q3377991 Crickets Orthoptera subfamilies