Phalangiotarbi (

Haase Haase may refer to: *Haase (car), a Veteran Era car make People with the surname *Barry Haase (born 1945), Australian politician *Bertil Haase (1923–2014), Swedish modern pentathlete * Camila Haase Quiros, Costa Rican swimmer * Christian Haase ( ...

, 1890) is an extinct

arachnid Arachnida () is a class of joint-legged invertebrate animals ( arthropods), in the subphylum Chelicerata. Arachnida includes, among others, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, camel spiders, whip spiders and ...

order first recorded from the Early Devonian of

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and most widespread in the Upper Carboniferous coal measures of

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located enti ...

and North America. The last species are known from the early

Permian The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last period of the Pale ...

Rotliegend of Germany. The affinities of phalangiotarbids are obscure, with most authors favouring affinities with

Opiliones The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of ext ...

(harvestmen) and/or

Acari Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods). Mites span two large orders of arachnids, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in the subclass Acari, but genetic analysis does not show clear ...

(mites and ticks). Phalangiotarbida has been recently (2004) proposed to be sister group to ( Palpigradi+ Tetrapulmonata): the taxon Megoperculata sensu Shultz (1990). ''

Nemastomoides depressus ''Nemastomoides'' is an extinct genus of harvestmen known from the Carboniferous fossil record. The genus is the only member of the family Nemastomoididae and contains three described species. ''Nemastomoides elaveris'' was found in the Coal Me ...

'', described as a harvestman in the family Nemastomoididae, is actually a poorly preserved phalangiotarbid.Dunlop ''in'' Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 255

Names

The order is also called Phalangiotarbida, the ending -ida originated when Petrunkevitch (1955) tried to standardize the endings of the arachnid orders, which is unnecessary and unwarranted according to the ICZN. Nevertheless, Phalangiotarbida has become the more widespread usage in the recent literature. Architarbi Petrunkevitch, 1945 is a synonym.

Taxa included

* Family Anthracotarbidae Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969 ** Genus '' Anthracotarbus'' Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969 *** Species ''Anthracotarbus hintoni'' Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969 * Family Architarbidae Karsch, 1882 ** Genus '' Architarbus'' Scudder, 1868 *** Species ''Architarbus hoffmanni'' Guthörl, 1934 (Jr synonyms ''Opiliotarbus kliveri'' Waterlot, 1934; ''Goniotarbus sarana'' Guthörl, 1965) *** Species ''Architarbus minor'' Petrunkevitch, 1913 *** Species ''Architarbus rotundatus'' Scudder, 1868 ** Genus '' Bornatarbus'' Rößler & Schneider, 1997 *** Species ''Bornatarbus mayasii'' Haupt ''in'' Nindel, 1955 ** Genus '' Devonotarbus'' Poschmann, Anderson & Dunlop, 2005 *** Species ''Devonotarbus hombachensis'' Poschmann, Anderson & Dunlop, 2005 ** Genus '' Discotarbus'' Petrunkevitch, 1913 *** Species ''Discotarbus deplanatus'' Petrunkevitch, 1913 ** Genus '' Geratarbus'' Scudder, 1890 *** Species ''Geratarbus lacoei'' Scudder, 1890 *** Species ''Geratarbus bohemicus'' Petrunkevitch, 1953 ** Genus '' Goniotarbus'' Petrunkevitch, 1953 *** Species ''Goniotarbus angulatus''

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, 1911 *** Species ''Goniotarbus tuberculatus'' Pocock, 1911 ** Genus '' Hadrachne'' Melander, 1903 *** Species ''Hadrachne horribilis'' Melander, 1903 ** Genus '' Leptotarbus'' Petrunkevitch, 1945 *** Species ''Leptotarbus torpedo'' Pocock, 1911 ** Genus '' Mesotarbus'' Petrunkevitch, 1949 *** Species ''Mesotarbus angustus'' Pocock, 1911 *** Species ''Mesotarbus eggintoni'' Pocock, 1911 *** Species ''Mesotarbus hindi'' Pocock, 1911 *** Species ''Mesotarbus intermedius'' Petrunkevitch, 1949 *** Species ''Mesotarbus peteri'' Dunlop & Horrocks, 1997 ** Genus '' Metatarbus'' Petrunkevitch, 1913 *** Species ''Metatarbus triangularus'' Petrunkevitch, 1913 ** Genus '' Ootarbus'' Petrunkevitch, 1945 *** Species ''Ootarbus pulcher'' Petrunkevitch, 1945 *** Species ''Ootarbus ovatus'' Petrunkevitch, 1945 ** Genus '' Orthotarbus''Petrunkevitch, 1945 *** Species ''Orthotarbus minutus'' Petrunkevitch, 1913 *** Species ''Orthotarbus robustus'' Petrunkevitch, 1945 *** Species ''Orthotarbus nyranensis'' Petrunkevitch, 1953 ** Genus '' Paratarbus'' Petrunkevitch, 1945 *** Species ''Paratarbus carbonarius'' Petrunkevitch, 1945 ** Genus '' Phalangiotarbus'' Haase, 1890 *** Species ''Phalangiotarbus subovalis''

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, 1872 ** Genus '' Pycnotarbus'' Darber, 1990 *** Species ''Pycnotarbus verrucosus'' Darber, 1990 ** Genus '' Triangulotarbus'' Patrick, 1989 *** Species ''Triangulotarbus terrehautensis'' Patrick, 1989 * Family Heterotarbidae Petrunkevitch, 1913 ** Genus '' Heterotarbus'' Petrunkevitch, 1913 *** Species ''Heterotarbus ovatus'' Petrunkevitch, 1913 * Family Opiliotarbidae Petrunkevitch, 1949 ** Genus '' Opiliotarbus'' Pocock, 1910 *** Species ''Opiliotarbus elongatus'' Scudder, 1890 * ''nomina dubia'' ** '' Eotarbus litoralis'' Kušta, 1888 ** '' Nemastomoides depressus'' Petrunkevitch, 1913

References

Bibliography

* Petrunkevitch, Alexander I. (1955): Arachnida. pp. 42–162 in ''Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology'', part P. ''Arthropoda 2'' (R.C. Moore, ed.). Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press, Lawrence. * Shultz, Jeffrey W.(1990): Evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of Arachnida. ''Cladistics 6: 1-38. * Dunlop, Jason A. (1997): Palaeozoic arachnids and their significance for arachnid phylogeny. ''Proceedings of the 16th European Colloquium of Arachnology'' 65–82.
Abstract
* Pollitt, Jessica R.; Braddy, Simon J. & Dunlop, Jason A. (2004): The phylogenetic position of the extinct arachnid order Phalangiotarbida Haase, 1890, with reference to the fauna from the Writhlington Geological Nature Reserve (Somerset, UK). ''Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh'', Earth Sciences, 94(3): 243–259. - PD

* Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. ''Harvard University Press''

Names

Taxa included

References

Bibliography

Further reading