The Phalangeridae are a family of mostly
nocturnal
Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnal meaning the opposite.
Nocturnal creatures generally have highly developed sens ...
marsupials native to
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
,
New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu
Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea).
It is a simplified version of ...
, and Eastern
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
, including the
cuscus
Cuscus ( or ) is the common name generally given to the species within the four genera of Australasian possum of the family Phalangeridae with the most tropical distribution:
* ''Ailurops''
* ''Phalanger''
* ''Spilocuscus''
* ''Strigocuscus'' ...
es,
brushtail possums, and their close relatives. Considered a type of
possum, most species are
arboreal
Arboreal locomotion is the Animal locomotion, locomotion of animals in trees. In habitats in which trees are present, animals have evolved to move in them. Some animals may scale trees only occasionally, but others are exclusively arboreal. Th ...
, and they inhabit a wide range of forest habitats from alpine woodland to
eucalypt
Eucalypt is a descriptive name for woody plants with capsule fruiting bodies belonging to seven closely related genera (of the tribe Eucalypteae) found across Australasia:
''Eucalyptus'', ''Corymbia'', ''Angophora'', '' Stockwellia'', ''Allosyn ...
forest and tropical jungle. Many species have been introduced to various non-native habitats by humans for thousands of years.
Characteristics
Phalangerids are relatively large, compared with other
possums
Possum may refer to:
Animals
* Phalangeriformes, or possums, any of a number of arboreal marsupial species native to Australia, New Guinea, and Sulawesi
** Common brushtail possum (''Trichosurus vulpecula''), a common possum in Australian urban a ...
. The smallest species, the
Sulawesi dwarf cuscus, is cat-sized, averaging in length, while the largest, the
black-spotted cuscus
The black-spotted cuscus (''Spilocuscus rufoniger'') is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. It is among the largest members of the family, only being surpassed by the bear cuscus. It is a relatively colourful species found in for ...
, is around long, and weighs . Besides the large size, other key features distinguishing phalangerids from other possums include the presence of bare skin on at least part of the tail, and low-crowned
molar teeth. They have claws on the fore feet, but none on the hind feet, although these do have an opposable first toe to help grip onto branches. Additionally, in all but one species, both the first and second digits of the fore feet are opposable. Their fur is typically dense or woolly, and may be grey, black, or reddish-brown, often with spots or stripes.
Most phalangerids are
folivore
In zoology, a folivore is a herbivore that specializes in eating leaves. Mature leaves contain a high proportion of hard-to-digest cellulose, less energy than other types of foods, and often toxic compounds.Jones, S., Martin, R., & Pilbeam, D. (1 ...
s, feeding primarily on leaves. Like some similar species, they have a large
cecum
The cecum or caecum is a pouch within the peritoneum that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. It is typically located on the right side of the body (the same side of the body as the appendix (anatomy), appendix, to which i ...
to ferment this highly fibrous food and extract as much nutrition as possible. Their teeth, though, are not as highly adapted to this diet as other possums, and they also eat fruit, and even some invertebrates. The only exception to these general rules is the
ground cuscus
The ground cuscus (''Phalanger gymnotis'') is a marsupial from the order Diprotodontia and belongs within the family Phalangeridae, a diverse family consisting of the other cuscus species and the brushtail possums (''Trichosurus'' spp.) and the ...
, which is
carnivorous
A carnivore , or meat-eater (Latin, ''caro'', genitive ''carnis'', meaning meat or "flesh" and ''vorare'' meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose food and energy requirements derive from animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other sof ...
, and is also less arboreal than other phalangerid species.
[ The dental formula of phalangerids is:
]Gestation
Gestation is the period of development during the carrying of an embryo, and later fetus, inside viviparous animals (the embryo develops within the parent). It is typical for mammals, but also occurs for some non-mammals. Mammals during pregna ...
in phalangerids lasts 16–17 days in those species so far studied. The females have a well-developed pouch, and typically raise only one or two young at a time, less than many other possums. The adults are typically solitary, defending territories marked by scent-gland spray, odiferous saliva, urine, or dung.[
Most possums conserve the functions of the ]epipubic bone
Epipubic bones are a pair of bones projecting forward from the pelvic bones of modern marsupials, monotremes and fossil mammals like multituberculates, and even basal eutherians (the ancestors of placental mammals, who lack them).
They first ...
s. The exception is ''Trichosurus
The brushtail possums are the members of the genus ''Trichosurus'' in the Phalangeridae, a family of marsupials. They are native to Australia (including Tasmania) and some small nearby islands. Unique among marsupials, they have shifted the hyp ...
'', which remarkably among marsupials has shifted the hypaxial
In adult vertebrates, trunk muscles can be broadly divided into hypaxial muscles, which lie ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae and epaxial muscles, which lie dorsal to the septum. Hypaxial muscles include some vertebral muscles, the ...
muscles from the epipubic to the pelvis
The pelvis (plural pelves or pelvises) is the lower part of the trunk, between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region), together with its embedded skeleton (sometimes also called bony pelvis, or pelvic skeleton).
The ...
, employing a more placental
Placental mammals (infraclass Placentalia ) are one of the three extant subdivisions of the class Mammalia, the other two being Monotremata and Marsupial
Marsupials are any members of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia. All extant marsup ...
-like breathing, having lost the benefits of the epipubic in regards to lung ventilation. In general, these possums are more terrestrial than other members of this group, and resemble terrestrial primates
Primates are a diverse order of mammals. They are divided into the strepsirrhines, which include the lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, and the haplorhines, which include the tarsiers and the simians (monkeys and apes, the latter including huma ...
in some respects.
Classification
This classification is based on Ruedas & Morales 2005. The listing for extant species is based on The Third edition of Wilson & Reeder's Mammal Species of the World
''Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'' is a standard reference work in mammalogy giving descriptions and bibliographic data for the known species of mammals. It is now in its third edition, published in late 2005, ...
(2005),[ except where th]
Mammal Diversity Database
and IUCN
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...
agree on a change. The family Phalangeridae consists of six genera and 27 species:
* Subfamily Ailuropinae
** Genus ''Ailurops
The bear cuscuses are the members of the genus ''Ailurops''. They are marsupials of the family Phalangeridae.
The bear cuscuses are arboreal marsupials. Almost nothing is known of their status and ecology. Although some scientists assign all po ...
''
*** Talaud bear cuscus ('' Ailurops melanotis'')
*** Sulawesi bear cuscus (''Ailurops ursinus
The Sulawesi bear cuscus, also known as the Sulawesi bear phalanger (''Ailurops ursinus''), is a species of arboreal marsupial in the family Phalangeridae that is endemic to Sulawesi and nearby islands in Indonesia. It lives in tropical moist low ...
'')
** Genus ''Strigocuscus
Dwarf cuscus (''Strigocuscus'') is a nocturnal, arboreal marsupial genus in the family Phalangeridae found only in Sulawesi (the largest island in Wallacea) and some of its surrounding small offshore islands. Due to the unique biogeography o ...
''
*** Sulawesi dwarf cuscus ('' Strigocuscus celebensis'')
*** Banggai cuscus
The Banggai cuscus (''Strigocuscus pelengensis'') is a species of cuscus, a type of possum. It is found in the Peleng and Sula Islands to the east of Sulawesi
Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the fou ...
(''Strigocuscus pelegensis
The Banggai cuscus (''Strigocuscus pelengensis'') is a species of cuscus, a type of Phalangeriformes, possum. It is found in the Peleng and Sula Islands to the east of Sulawesi in Indonesia.Mammal Species of the World By Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. ...
'')
* Subfamily Phalangerinae
** Tribe Phalangerini
*** Genus ''Phalanger
''Phalanger'' (from the Greek ''phalangion'', meaning spider's web, from their webbed (fused) toesChambers English Dictionary) is a genus of possums. Its members are found on New Guinea, the Maluku Islands, other nearby small islands, and Aust ...
''
**** Gebe cuscus
The Gebe cuscus (''Phalanger alexandrae'') is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. It is endemic to the island of Gebe, North Maluku province, Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in South ...
('' Phalanger alexandrae'')
**** Mountain cuscus (''Phalanger carmelitae
The mountain cuscus (''Phalanger carmelitae'') is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), ...
'')
**** Ground cuscus
The ground cuscus (''Phalanger gymnotis'') is a marsupial from the order Diprotodontia and belongs within the family Phalangeridae, a diverse family consisting of the other cuscus species and the brushtail possums (''Trichosurus'' spp.) and the ...
(''Phalanger gymnotis
The ground cuscus (''Phalanger gymnotis'') is a marsupial from the order Diprotodontia and belongs within the family Phalangeridae, a diverse family consisting of the other cuscus species and the brushtail possums (''Trichosurus'' spp.) and the ...
'')
**** Eastern common cuscus
The eastern common cuscus (''Phalanger intercastellanus'') is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae found in eastern Papua New Guinea. Until recently, it was considered conspecific with '' P. mimicus'', and before that also with '' P ...
('' Phalanger intercastellanus'')
**** Woodlark cuscus
The Woodlark cuscus (''Phalanger lullulae'') is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae endemic to Papua New Guinea, specifically on Madau and Woodlark Island, a part of the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. It happens to be the ...
('' Phalanger lullulae'')
**** Blue-eyed cuscus
The blue-eyed cuscus (''Phalanger matabiru'') is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. It is endemic to the two small islands of Ternate and Tidore, west of the island of Halmahera in North Maluku province, Indonesia.
References ('' Phalanger matabiru'')
**** Telefomin cuscus
The Telefomin cuscus (''Phalanger matanim'') is a critically endangered possum found on New Guinea.
It is named after the Telefol ethnic group, who hunted the animal long before it was identified scientifically by the Australian zoologist Tim ...
('' Phalanger matanim'')
**** Southern common cuscus
The southern common cuscus (''Phalanger mimicus''), also known as Australian cuscus, gray phalanger, and ''to-ili'', is an arboreal marsupial endemic to Australia ( Cape York), southern New Guinea and possibly the Aru Islands. Until recently, it ...
(''Phalanger mimicus
The southern common cuscus (''Phalanger mimicus''), also known as Australian cuscus, gray phalanger, and ''to-ili'', is an arboreal marsupial endemic to Australia (Cape York Peninsula, Cape York), southern New Guinea and possibly the Aru Islands ...
'')
**** Northern common cuscus
The northern common cuscus (''Phalanger orientalis''), also known as the gray cuscus, is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae native to northern New Guinea and adjacent smaller islands, but is now also found in the Bismarck Archipel ...
(''Phalanger orientalis
The northern common cuscus (''Phalanger orientalis''), also known as the gray cuscus, is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae native to northern New Guinea and adjacent smaller islands, but is now also found in the Bismarck Archipe ...
'')
**** Ornate cuscus
The ornate cuscus or Molluccan cuscus (''Phalanger ornatus'') is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. It is endemic to Indonesia, where it is found on the North Maluku islands of Halmahera, Bacan and Morotai
Morotai Island ( i ...
('' Phalanger ornatus'')
**** Rothschild's cuscus
Rothschild's cuscus (''Phalanger rothschildi''), also called the Obi Island cuscus, is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. It is endemic to the islands of Obi, Bisa and Obilatu in the Obi Islands of Maluku province, Indonesia
...
('' Phalanger rothschildi'')
**** Silky cuscus
The silky cuscus (''Phalanger sericeus'') is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.
Names
It is known as atwak, añ, sosus, or beŋ-tud in the Kalam language of Papua New Guinea.Pawley, ...
('' Phalanger sericeus'')
**** Stein's cuscus (''Phalanger vestitus
Stein's cuscus (''Phalanger vestitus'') is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.
References
Possums
Mammals described in 1877
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Marsupials of ...
'')
*** Genus ''Spilocuscus
''Spilocuscus'' is a genus of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. Its members are found on the Cape York Peninsula of Australia, New Guinea, and smaller nearby islands. It contains the following species:
*Admiralty Island cuscus, ''Spilocusc ...
''
**** Admiralty Island cuscus
The Admiralty Island cuscus or Manus Island spotted cuscus (''Spilocuscus kraemeri'') is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. It is endemic to the Admiralty Islands of Papua New Guinea. It is the smallest member of the genus ''Spil ...
(''Spilocuscus kraemeri
The Admiralty Island cuscus or Manus Island spotted cuscus (''Spilocuscus kraemeri'') is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. It is endemic to the Admiralty Islands of Papua New Guinea. It is the smallest member of the genus ''Spil ...
'')
**** Common spotted cuscus
The common spotted cuscus (''Spilocuscus maculatus''), also known as the white cuscus, is a cuscus, a marsupial that lives in the Cape York region of Australia, New Guinea, and nearby smaller islands.
Names
It is known as aklang or gabi in the ...
(''Spilocuscus maculatus
The common spotted cuscus (''Spilocuscus maculatus''), also known as the white cuscus, is a cuscus, a marsupial that lives in the Cape York region of Australia, New Guinea, and nearby smaller islands.
Names
It is known as aklang or gabi in the ...
'')
**** Waigeou cuscus
The Waigeou cuscus or Waigeou spotted cuscus (''Spilocuscus papuensis'') is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. It is endemic to the island of Waigeo in Indonesia, and consequently the spelling Waigeo cuscus is often used instead ...
('' Spilocuscus papuensis'')
**** Black-spotted cuscus
The black-spotted cuscus (''Spilocuscus rufoniger'') is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. It is among the largest members of the family, only being surpassed by the bear cuscus. It is a relatively colourful species found in for ...
('' Spilocuscus rufoniger'')
**** Blue-eyed spotted cuscus
The blue-eyed spotted cuscus or Biak spotted cuscus (''Spilocuscus wilsoni'') is a species of critically endangered marsupial in the family Phalangeridae.
Taxonomy
The blue-eyed spotted cuscus is one of five species of spotted cuscus in the g ...
(''Spilocuscus wilsoni
''Spilocuscus'' is a genus of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. Its members are found on the Cape York Peninsula of Australia, New Guinea, and smaller nearby islands. It contains the following species:
* Admiralty Island cuscus, ''Spilocus ...
'')
** Tribe Trichosurini
*** Genus ''Trichosurus
The brushtail possums are the members of the genus ''Trichosurus'' in the Phalangeridae, a family of marsupials. They are native to Australia (including Tasmania) and some small nearby islands. Unique among marsupials, they have shifted the hyp ...
''
**** Northern brushtail possum
The northern brushtail possum (''Trichosurus arnhemensis'') is a nocturnal marsupial inhabiting northern Australia. The northern brushtail possum is sometimes considered a species, however more often than not is considered a subspecies of the c ...
(''Trichosurus arnhemensis
The northern brushtail possum (''Trichosurus arnhemensis'') is a nocturnal marsupial inhabiting northern Australia. The northern brushtail possum is sometimes considered a species, however more often than not is considered a subspecies of the c ...
'')
**** Short-eared possum (''Trichosurus caninus
The short-eared possum (''Trichosurus caninus'') is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae endemic to Australia. Found north of Sydney, the species was once classed as a mountain brushtail possum
The mountain brushtail possum, or ...
'')
**** Mountain brushtail possum
The mountain brushtail possum, or southern bobuck (''Trichosurus cunninghami''), is a nocturnal, semi-arboreal marsupial of the family Phalangeridae native to southeastern Australia. It was not described as a separate species until 2002.
Taxon ...
(''Trichosurus cunninghami
The mountain brushtail possum, or southern bobuck (''Trichosurus cunninghami''), is a nocturnal, semi-arboreal marsupial of the family Phalangeridae native to southeastern Australia. It was not described as a separate species until 2002.
Taxon ...
'')
**** Coppery brushtail possum ('' Trichosurus johnstonii'')
**** Common brushtail possum
The common brushtail possum (''Trichosurus vulpecula'', from the Greek for "furry tailed" and the Latin for "little fox", previously in the genus ''Phalangista'') is a nocturnal, semiarboreal marsupial of the family Phalangeridae, native to Austr ...
(''Trichosurus vulpecula
The common brushtail possum (''Trichosurus vulpecula'', from the Greek for "furry tailed" and the Latin for "little fox", previously in the genus ''Phalangista'') is a nocturnal, semiarboreal marsupial of the family Phalangeridae, native to Austr ...
'')
*** Genus ''Wyulda
''Wyulda'' is a genus of phalanger. The scaly-tailed possum is the only extant species, but a single extinct species ('' Wyulda asherjoeli'') from the Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends f ...
''
**** Scaly-tailed possum
The scaly-tailed possum (''Wyulda squamicaudata'') is found in northwestern Australia, where it is restricted to the Kimberley.
They are light grey over most of the body and have relatively short ears and muzzle. The mostly hairless tail is ab ...
('' Wyulda squamicaudata'')
Vernacular names
Blust (1982, 1993, 2002, 2009)[Blust, Robert. 2009. The position of the languages of eastern Indonesia: A Reply to Donohue and Grimes. Oceanic Linguistics 48:36–77.] reconstructs the form
Form is the shape, visual appearance, or configuration of an object. In a wider sense, the form is the way something happens.
Form also refers to:
*Form (document), a document (printed or electronic) with spaces in which to write or enter data
...
''*kandoRa'' cuscus for Proto- Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (i.e., the reconstructed most recent common ancestor
In biology and genetic genealogy, the most recent common ancestor (MRCA), also known as the last common ancestor (LCA) or concestor, of a set of organisms is the most recent individual from which all the organisms of the set are descended. The ...
of the Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
The Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (CEMP) languages form a proposed branch of the Malayo-Polynesian languages consisting of over 700 languages (Blust 1993).
Distribution
The Central Malayo-Polynesian languages are spoken in the Lesser Sund ...
), but the validity of this reconstruction is doubted by Schapper (2011).
Schapper (2011) shows that reconstructed forms for cuscus are in fact quite diverse, and cannot be reconstructed to Proto- Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian. Other names for cuscus are:
*Proto-Timor
Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, in the north of the Timor Sea. The island is East Timor–Indonesia border, divided between the sovereign states of East Timor on the eastern part and Indonesia on the western p ...
: ''*madar''
*Proto- Southeast Maluku: ''*mander''
*Proto- Central Maluku: ''*mansər''
*Proto-Oceanic
Proto-Oceanic (abbr. ''POc'') is a proto-language that historical linguists since Otto Dempwolff have reconstructed as the hypothetical common ancestor of the Oceanic subgroup of the Austronesian language family. Proto-Oceanic is a descendant ...
: ''*kadroRa''; a semantic shift
Semantic change (also semantic shift, semantic progression, semantic development, or semantic drift) is a form of language change regarding the evolution of word usage—usually to the point that the modern meaning is radically different from ...
occurred from cuscus to bandicoot
Bandicoots are a group of more than 20 species of small to medium-sized, terrestrial, largely nocturnal marsupial omnivores in the order Peramelemorphia. They are endemic to the Australia–New Guinea region, including the Bismarck Archipelago t ...
(Peramelidae
The marsupial family Peramelidae contains all of the extant bandicoots. They are found throughout Australia and New Guinea, with at least some species living in every available habitat, from rainforest to desert. Four fossil peramelids are descri ...
) from Proto-Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Oceanic for the form ''*mans(a,ə)r''.
*Proto- South Halmahera: ''*do''
*Proto- Aru: ''*wagal''
* North Bomberai languages:
** Onin: ''yawat''
**Sekar Manokaris a male given name in India. Sekar may refer to:
*Sekar Ayu Asmara, Indonesian songwriter and director
* Sekar Ayyanthole (born 1954), Indian painter
*Sekhar Basu (born 1952), Indian scientist
* Sekhar Das (born 1954), Indian film director ...
: ''kawat''
** Arguni: ''rawake''
*Proto-North Halmahera
North Halmahera Regency ( id, Kabupaten Halmahera Utara) is a regency (on Halmahera Island) of North Maluku Province, Indonesia. It was declared a Regency on 31 May 2003. The capital town of the regency lies at the port of Tobelo. The Regency, whi ...
(non-Austronesian): ''*kusoro''
Other local names for the cuscus are:
* Central Maluku: Hila ''makel'', Manipa
Manipa Island is an island in West Seram Regency, Maluku Province, Indonesia. It is located 8 km off the western coast of Kelang at the western end of Seram Island and 25 km off the western coast of Buru. Including adjacent small isla ...
''marele'', Wakasihu ''marilu'', Hitu
Hitu is an Austronesian language of the Central Malayo-Polynesian subgroup spoken on Ambon Island in eastern Indonesia, part of a dialect chain
A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geo ...
''makel'', Kailolo ''makele'', Katu
KATU (channel 2) is a television station in Portland, Oregon, United States, affiliated with ABC. It is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group alongside La Grande–licensed Univision affiliate KUNP (channel 16). Both stations share studios on N ...
''makello'', Larike ''máridu'', Nuaulu
The Nuaulu, Naulu or Nunuhai are a tribe located in Seram, Maluku, Indonesia.
Description
The tribe name 'Nuaulu' means head atersof the Nua River, which is the ancestral homeland of the Nuaulu people. In the late 19th century or early 20th cen ...
''mara(ne)''
*Timor
Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, in the north of the Timor Sea. The island is East Timor–Indonesia border, divided between the sovereign states of East Timor on the eastern part and Indonesia on the western p ...
: Kemak ''mada'', Tetun
, nativename=Tetun
, states= Indonesia East Timor
, speakers=, mostly in Indonesia
, date=2010–2011
, ref=e18
, speakers2=50,000 L2-speakers in Indonesia and East Timor
, familycolor=Austronesian
, fam2=Malayo-Polynesian
, fam3= Central–East ...
''meda'', Mambae ''mat'', Galoli ''madar'', Waima'a ''meda'', Uab Meto
Uab Meto or Dawan is an Austronesian language spoken by Atoni people of West Timor. The language has a variant spoken in the East Timorese exclave of Oecussi-Ambeno, called Baikenu. Baikenu uses words derived from Portuguese, for example, ''ob ...
''urem'', Roma
Roma or ROMA may refer to:
Places Australia
* Roma, Queensland, a town
** Roma Airport
** Roma Courthouse
** Electoral district of Roma, defunct
** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council
*Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...
''mada'', Wetar
Wetar is a tropical island which belongs to the Indonesian province of Maluku and is the largest island of the Maluku Barat Daya Islands (literally ''Southwest Islands'') of the Maluku Islands. It lies east of the Lesser Sunda Islands, which i ...
''maʧa''
*Bird's Head Peninsula
The Bird's Head Peninsula ( Indonesian: ''Kepala Burung'', nl, Vogelkop) or Doberai Peninsula (''Semenanjung Doberai''), is a large peninsula that makes up the northwest portion of the island of New Guinea, comprising the Indonesian provinces o ...
: Irarutu ''jemoga'', Meoswar ''musiew'', Ansus ''amu'', Warembori ''maje''
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q23230
Possums
Mammal families
Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas