The Archbishop of Petra was the

metropolitan bishop In Christian churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan (alternative obsolete form: metropolite), pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis. Originally, the term referred to the b ...

of the province of

Palaestina Tertia Palaestina Salutaris or Palaestina Tertia was a Byzantine (Eastern Roman) province, which covered the area of the Negev, Sinai (except the north western coast) and south-west of Transjordan, south of the Dead Sea. The province, a part of the Dioce ...

. The

Islamic conquest The spread of Islam spans about 1,400 years. Muslim conquests following Muhammad's death led to the creation of the caliphates, occupying a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by Arab Muslim forces conquering vast territories ...

in the 7th century had eliminated

Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

control of the area and with it the protection of the Christian communities. However, Palestinian and Syrian Christian communities had remained in the region well into the Islamic occupation period. Re-established during the Crusader era, the diocese covered the

Oultrejordain The Lordship of or (Old French for "beyond the Jordan", also called Lordship of Montreal) was the name used during the Crusades for an extensive and partly undefined region to the east of the Jordan River, an area known in ancient times as Edo ...

area and included

Saint Catherine's Monastery Saint Catherine's Monastery ( ar, دير القدّيسة كاترين; grc-gre, Μονὴ τῆς Ἁγίας Αἰκατερίνης), officially the Sacred Autonomous Royal Monastery of Saint Katherine of the Holy and God-Trodden Mount Sinai, ...

Mount Sinai Mount Sinai ( he , הר סיני ''Har Sinai''; Aramaic: ܛܘܪܐ ܕܣܝܢܝ ''Ṭūrāʾ Dsyny''), traditionally known as Jabal Musa ( ar, جَبَل مُوسَىٰ, translation: Mount Moses), is a mountain on the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. It is ...

, although Crusader protection rarely extended that far. Frankish communities soon added to their number and before

Saladin Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سه‌لاحه‌دین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt and ...

's reconquest, the area had an increasing number of Catholic communities. Following the destruction of the

Kingdom of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem ( la, Regnum Hierosolymitanum; fro, Roiaume de Jherusalem), officially known as the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem or the Frankish Kingdom of Palestine,Example (title of works): was a Crusader state that was establishe ...

by Saladin, what little protection for Christians had existed was eliminated and the nascent Christian communities were soon destroyed. Nonetheless, several isolated monasteries at various levels of precarious existence continued, thereby creating the necessity of appointing Archbishops well into the modern period. However, by the late 19th and early 20th centuries what vestiges of monastic life and their few extant congregants which remained were effectively eliminated by

Bedouin The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu (; , singular ) are nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia. The Bedouin originated in the Syrian Desert and A ...

and

Turkish Turkish may refer to: *a Turkic language spoken by the Turks * of or about Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities and mi ...

raids and with it the diocese lapsed.

Ancient bishops

* Asterius (fl. 343–362) *Germanus (fl. 359), an

Arian Arianism ( grc-x-koine, Ἀρειανισμός, ) is a Christological doctrine first attributed to Arius (), a Christian presbyter from Alexandria, Egypt. Arian theology holds that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, who was begotten by God t ...

*Jason (fl. 446) *John (fl. 457) *Theodore (fl. 536) * Athenogenes (late 6th/early 7th century)

Resident Catholic archbishops

* Guerricus (1167/8–1189/90)

Titular Catholic archbishops

* Antonio Viedma Chaves, O.P. (20 Mar 1623 Appointed - 8 Mar 1631 Succeeded,

Bishop of Almería A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...

) * Vicente Agustín Clavería (28 Jul 1631 Appointed - 27 Jun 1639 Appointed,

Bishop of Bosa A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...

) * Saint

François de Laval Francis-Xavier de Montmorency-Laval, commonly referred to as François de Laval (30 April 1623 – 6 May 1708), was a French prelate of the Catholic Church. Consecrated a bishop in 1658, he led the Apostolic Vicariate of New France from 1658 to ...

de Montmorency (11 Apr 1658 Appointed - 1 Oct 1674 Appointed, Bishop of Québec) * Albertus Stawowski (23 Mar 1676 Appointed - ) *

Antonio Saverio Gentili Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular male ...

(17 Mar 1727 Appointed - 10 Apr 1747 Appointed, Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina) *

Federico Marcello Lante Montefeltro della Rovere Federico (; ) is a given name and surname. It is a form of Frederick, most commonly found in Spanish, Portuguese and Italian. People with the given name Federico Artists * Federico Ágreda, Venezuelan composer and DJ. * Federico Aguilar Alcuaz, r ...

(1 Oct 1732 Appointed - 5 Apr 1745 Installed, Cardinal-Priest of San Pancrazio) *

Filippo Acciajuoli Filippo is an Italian male given name, which is the equivalent of the English name Philip, from the Greek ''Philippos'', meaning "amante dei cavalli".''Behind the Name''"Given Name Philip" Retrieved on 23 January 2016. The female variant is Filip ...

(2 Dec 1743 Appointed - 6 Apr 1761 Installed, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria degli Angeli) *

Giuseppe Simonetti Giuseppe is the Italian form of the given name Joseph, from Latin Iōsēphus from Ancient Greek Ἰωσήφ (Iōsḗph), from Hebrew יוסף. It is the most common name in Italy and is unique (97%) to it. The feminine form of the name is Giusep ...

(25 May 1761 Appointed - 1 Dec 1766 Installed, Cardinal-Priest of San Marcello) *

Francesco Saverio de Zelada Francesco Saverio eZelada (27 August 1717, in Rome – 19 December 1801, in Rome) was a cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, born of a Spanish family, who served in the Papal Curia and in the diplomacy, diplomatic se ...

(23 Dec 1766 Appointed - 26 Apr 1773 Installed, Cardinal-Priest of Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monti) * Bernardinus Muti (13 Sep 1773 Appointed - ) *

Giuseppe Firrao jr Giuseppe Firrao (20 July 1736 – 24 January 1830) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal. Biography Firrao was born in Fagnano Castello, Calabria to Pier Maria Firrao, Prince of Sant'Agata and of Luzi, and Livia Grillo di Agapito, Duchess of M ...

(25 Feb 1782 Appointed - 20 Jul 1801 Installed, Cardinal-Priest of Sant’Eusebio) *

Antonio Gabriele Severoli Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan language, Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 40 ...

(28 Sep 1801 Appointed - 11 Jan 1808 Appointed, Archbishop (Personal Title) of Viterbo e Tuscania) Michael Corrigan

Alessandro Giustiniani Alessandro is both a given name and a surname, the Italian form of the name Alexander. Notable people with the name include: People with the given name Alessandro * Alessandro Allori (1535–1607), Italian portrait painter * Alessandro Baricco ...

(19 Apr 1822 Appointed - 11 Oct 1843 Died) * Julianus Maria Hillereau (14 Jun 1833 Appointed - 28 Feb 1855 Died) * Pietro de Villanova Castellacci (30 Mar 1855 Appointed - 28 Feb 1879 Appointed, Titular

Patriarch of Antiochia Patriarch of Antioch is a traditional title held by the bishop of Antioch (modern-day Antakya, Turkey). As the traditional "overseer" (ἐπίσκοπος, ''episkopos'', from which the word ''bishop'' is derived) of the first gentile Christian c ...

(Antioch)) * Giuseppe Aggarbati, O.S.A. (12 May 1879 Appointed - 24 May 1880 Died) * Michael Augustine Corrigan (1 Oct 1880 Appointed - 10 Oct 1885 Succeeded,

Archbishop of New York The Archbishop of New York is the head of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, who is responsible for looking after its spiritual and administrative needs. As the archdiocese is the metropolitan bishop, metropolitan see of the ecclesiastic ...

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

) *

Fulco Luigi Ruffo-Scilla Fulco Luigi Ruffo-Scilla (6 April 1840 – 29 May 1895) was a Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was elevated in 1891. Early life Ruffo-Scilla was born in Palermo, Sicily. He was the son of Fulco Ruffo, 9th Prince of Scilla, and Eleonora ...

(23 May 1887 Appointed - 17 Dec 1891 Appointed, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Traspontina) *

Girolamo Maria Gotti Girolamo Maria Gotti, O.C.D. (29 March 1834 – 19 March 1916), sometimes erroneously called Giuseppe Gotti, was a friar of the Discalced Carmelite Order, who served in various offices of the Holy See as a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. ...

, O.C.D. (22 Mar 1892 Appointed - 2 Dec 1895 Appointed, Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria della Scala) * Pietro Gonzalez Carlo Duval, O.P. (29 Nov 1895 Appointed - 31 Jul 1904 Died) * Bernardino Nozaleda y Villa, O.P. (11 Dec 1905 Appointed - 7 Oct 1927 Died) * Emilio Ferrais (22 Jun 1928 Appointed - 7 Dec 1928 Succeeded,

Archbishop of Catania The Archdiocese of Catania ( la, Archidioecesis Catanensis) is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastic territory in Sicily, southern Italy, with its seat in Catania. It was elevated to an archdiocese in 1859, and became a metropolitan see in 2000. Its suff ...

) *

Luigi Sincero Luigi Sincero (26 March 1870 – 7 February 1936) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and President of the Pontifical Commission for the Authentic Interpretation of the Code of Canon Law and Secretary of Sacred Congregation for the Oriental Church ...

(11 Jan 1929 Appointed - 13 Mar 1933 Appointed, Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina) * Angelo Bartolomasi (23 Apr 1929 Appointed - 28 Feb 1959 Died) * Evelio Díaz y Cía (14 Nov 1959 Appointed - 20 Mar 1963 Succeeded, Archbishop of San Cristobal de la Habana) *

Alfredo Silva Santiago Alfredo (, ) is a cognate of the Anglo-Saxon name Alfred and a common Italian, Galician, Portuguese and Spanish language personal name. People with the given name include: *Alfredo (born 1946), Brazilian footballer born as Alfredo Mostarda Fil ...

(27 Apr 1963 Appointed - 4 Dec 1970 Resigned)

References

{{reflist Petra, Archbishop of

Ancient bishops

Resident Catholic archbishops

Titular Catholic archbishops

See also

References