Petersham, New South Wales

Petersham is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia. Petersham is located 6 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Inner West Council. Petersham is known for its extensive Portuguese businesses, with many Portuguese shops and restaurants, despite only 156 (1.9%) of the population being born in Portugal.

Petersham is bordered by the suburbs of Leichhardt to the north, Stanmore to the east, Marrickville to the south and Lewisham to the west. Taverner's Hill, named after Fred Taverner, is a locality in the western part of the suburb.

History

Early

Before European settlement, the area now constituting Petersham was within the territory of the Indigenous Gadigal people. The area now occupying Petersham was first worked by Europeans in 1793. During a period of food shortage for the new colony, the Lieutenant-Governor Major Francis Grose dispatched convicts to the suburb's south-west to clear the bush for a timber yard and to grow corn and wheat. He named the region Petersham for his native village in Surrey, England, with the name covering a broader region than today. For some time thereafter, Petersham was used for agriculture, and was considered to the source of some of the best crops in the colony. It was also a popular site for kangaroo hunting. During the 1820s, inhabitants were terrorized by bushranger Jack Donahue and his gang.

Statesman William Wentworth and his family lived in Petersham for a time. In 1831, barrister Robert Wardell acquired land from Wentworth and several others in the area, until he had all the land in Petersham and beyond, creating a estate that reached the Cooks River. This large estate was subdivided in 1834 upon Wardell's murder by escaped convicts. Over the following years, the area was developed. Stanmore Road was created in 1835, and within seven years had been developed from a bush track. The Cherry Tree, Petersham's first inn was opened by Thomas Weedon on land bought from Wardell's estate. During the 1840s a racetrack was opened and then closed after receiving poor attendance. At this time, travelling to Sydney with bullock (castrated cattle) took a day, and the suburb became a resting stop for travels out to Paramatta and Liverpool.

The 1850s saw developments in transport. By 1857, the first trains were stopping in Petersham on the Sydney to Paramatta line (albeit to no platform), and in 1859 the New Canterbury road was laid. A temporary platform was provided at the station after complaints, and an official structure followed in 1863. During the 1860s the area was considered quiet, hosting a small population across a broad area. Increasingly the population included workers who commuted to the city. Until the end of the century, the community continued to develop: the first post-office was built in 1855, followed by the second in 1870. Petersham municipality was incorporated in 1871, and the first public school was opened later that decade, in 1878. Oxford Tavern was opened in Petersham in 1882. It operated as a local tavern until its closure on 2 April 2023.

In 1916, the Boys' section of Fort Street High School moved to Petersham from Observatory Hill, followed by the Girls' section in 1975.

World War II onwards

Mosquito HR576 RAF (UK) disintegrated over the inner western Sydney suburbs of Leichhardt and Petersham on 2 May 1945 during an air test flight. The crew of two were killed but no one on the ground was seriously injured by the falling debris of the Mosquito. The ''Daily Telegraph'' of 3 May 1945 stated that two civilians were injured and a total of 18 properties were damaged. Five houses were set on fire by the falling debris.

It was suspected that a violent pull out from a power dive, with its associated high 'g' forces may have led to the structural failure of the aircraft. The two crew members tried to escape from the aircraft but they were not high enough for their parachutes to open. Flight Lieutenant David Rochford of Oxford, England, and Leading Aircraftman (LAC) Charles Boydell from Mosman were both killed. Flight Lieutenant Rochford's body was found in the playground of Petersham Public School while LAC Boydell's body was found on the roof of a railway building about 100 metres away.

The local council merged with Marrickville and St Peters in 1948 to form the Municipality of Marrickville.

Petersham underwent significant development from the end of WWII. Many immigrants, particularly from Southern Europe, settled in the area, drawn by its proximity to Sydney's city center and affordable housing. A significant number of Italian, Greek and Portuguese immigrants made their homes in Petersham, creating a vibrant multicultural community that influenced the local Mediterranean culture, food and social life. In the same period, the suburb's Anglo-Australian population began to change and Petersham became known for its strong sense of community and a mix of old and new traditions.

In the 1970s and 1980s, Petersham began to gentrify, as many other areas inner-city Sydney. Older homes and terraced houses became more desirable to young professionals and artists, attracted by the proximity to the city, vibrant local culture, and relatively affordable property prices compared to other suburbs. In that period, there was a growing recognition of the area's rich cultural diversity and historic character.

The late 20th century saw continued urban renewal and some commercial development in the area. The once industrial areas near the railway line began to transform into residential and mixed-use developments. Petersham's proximity to Sydney's CBD made it an increasingly attractive location for higher-income residents, leading to property prices and more upscale cafés, bars and cultural venues.

Heritage listings

Petersham has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
* New Canterbury Road: Petersham Reservoir
* 23-35 New Canterbury Road: Egyptian Room, Royal Arch Masonic Temple
* Terminus Street: Petersham railway station

Image:Petersham4.JPG, Commercial Row, New Canterbury Road
Image:Petersham5.JPG, The Majestic Theatre, Petersham
Image:Petersham2.JPG, Assembly of God, Trafalgar Street
Image:Petersham Masonic Temple.JPG, Masonic Temple

Commercial area

A small row of shops lines New Canterbury Road and extends down Audley Street towards the railway station. There are some Portuguese businesses here including several Portuguese restaurants, some of which are renowned for selling traditional styled flame-grilled chicken and cod dishes – Petersham is considered the heart of Sydney's Portuguese community.

Local landmarks include the Petersham Town Hall, the Petersham Reservoir and Petersham Park. Petersham is bordered by Parramatta Road to the north.

Transport

Petersham railway station is on the Leppington & Inner West Line and Liverpool & Inner West Line of the Sydney Trains network. Travelling west, all stations services run from the City Circle to Homebush and Parramatta. The station includes an ornate iron pedestrian bridge over the train line. The old station building was built in 1886 in the Victorian Free Classical style. It has been described as "the largest and grandest of the surviving 19th century railway stations in the Sydney area", and is listed on the Register of the National Estate.

The 428, 444, 445 and 412 buses run through Petersham at different points. The 428 runs from Canterbury to Circular Quay, the 444 and 445 run from Campsie to Balmain, and the 412 runs from Campsie to King Street Wharf in the city.

Schools

Fort Street High School, located on Parramatta Road, is the oldest selective school in New South Wales and has 934 students as of 2013. Petersham Public School sits on the Petersham and Lewisham borders, and has 240 students as at 2014. The old public school building located in Gordon Street goes back to 1878. Along with the church in the grounds, it is listed on the Register of the National Estate.
Taverners Hill Public School situated on Elswick Street, is an infants only school with 60 students and recently published its own cook book.

Churches

* All Saints Anglican Church, Petersham.
*Petersham Assembly of God, on Audley Street.
*Metropolitan Community Church, Sydney (a church with an outreach to the LGBTQI+ community but open to all).
*Thai Church: "House of Faith" at Petersham Assembly of God.
*Nova Alianca (Portuguese-speaking) at Petersham Assembly of God.

Architecture

Petersham's houses are predominantly terrace houses, similar to those of Summer Hill and Stanmore on the north side of the railway station near Parramatta Road.

Image:Petersham House 1.JPG, Middleton Street
Image:Petersham house 2.JPG, Canterbury Road
Image: Petersham6.JPG, West Street
Image:Petersham3.JPG, Petersham reservoir

Demographics

According to the of Population, there were 8,200 people in Petersham.
* 67.2% of people were born in Australia. The most common countries of birth were England 4.5%, New Zealand 2.0%, Portugal 1.8%, China 1.3% and Italy 1.2%.
* 75.1% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Portuguese 2.6%, Greek 2.0%, Italian 1.8%, Spanish 1.7% and Mandarin 1.6%.
* The most common responses for religion were No Religion 54.4%, Catholic 19.0%, Not stated 6.5%, Anglican 5.3% and Eastern Orthodox 3.6%.

Notable residents

* William Wentworth, statesman, lived in Petersham in the 1820s
* Robert Wardell, barrister and co-founder and inaugural editor of colonial-era newspaper ''The Australian'' alongside Wentworth
* Keith Chisholm MC DFM (1918–1991) was born in Petersham
* Percy Hordern (1864–1926) Alderman and Mayor of Petersham Council and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council
*Alick Kay, member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly

Culture

Local events include the annual Audley Street festival (Bairro Português), which is a celebration of the suburb's Portuguese ties. Petersham is also home to the Petersham Bowling Club and Petersham RSL Club.

References

External links

Crash of a Mosquito over suburbs of Sydney on 2 May 1945
Includes eyewitness accounts by children at the school.

{{Coord, -33.8961, 151.1543, format=dms, type:city_region:AU-NSW, display=title

Suburbs of Sydney
Inner West
Portuguese-Australian culture