Peter Obolyaninov
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Peter Khrisanfovich Obolyaninov (1752 – September 22, 1841) was a favorite of
Paul I Paul I may refer to: *Paul of Samosata (200–275), Bishop of Antioch *Paul I of Constantinople (died c. 350), Archbishop of Constantinople *Pope Paul I (700–767) *Paul I Šubić of Bribir (c. 1245–1312), Ban of Croatia and Lord of Bosnia *Paul ...
, the
General of the Infantry General of the Infantry is a military rank of a General officer in the infantry and refers to: * General of the Infantry (Austria) * General of the Infantry (Bulgaria) * General of the Infantry (Germany) ('), a rank of a general in the German Impe ...
, in 1800–01 he was a prosecutor-general. For 16 years, from 1816 to 1832 (longer than anyone else), he served as Marshal of Nobility of the
Moscow Governorate Moscow Governorate (russian: Московская губерния; pre-reform Russian: ), or the Government of Moscow, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR, which ...
. In memory of him the manor Obolyaninovo was named.


Biography

Born in the family of a poor Porkhov nobleman in 1752. Up to 16 years he lived with his parents in a village where he did not receive a systematic education: Military service began in 1768. He immediately stood out diligent performance of duties and unquestioning obedience to the orders of the higher authorities. With the rank of
prime major The ''prime major'' was the staff officer rank of the Russian Life Guards and the Imperial Russian Army of the 18th century. The rank belonged to the 8th class of "Table of Ranks". According to the regulations of 1716 the majors were divided into ...
, he retired in 1780; for several years he did not serve anywhere, living in his village. From 1783 – provincial solicitor in the Pskov governorship; in a few years – advisor in the civil court; in 1792 he received the rank of
court councillor The Russian court councillor (russian: надворный советник) was a civilian rank of the 7th class in the Table of Ranks. Table of Ranks The Table of Ranks was a system of ranks that tied a person's social standing to service in th ...
and was appointed to the post in the State Chamber. Possessing ambition, he bothered to be transferred to the army; civil service did not satisfy the ambitions of Peter Obolyaninov. In 1793 he entered the Gatchina troops in the rank of
lieutenant colonel Lieutenant colonel ( , ) is a rank of commissioned officers in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel. Several police forces in the United States use the rank of lieutenant colone ...
. Serving in Gatchina, he won the favor of Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich, after whose accession to the throne in 1796 his favor began.


Timeserver

In 1796, Peter Khrisanfovich, already in the rank of
major general Major general (abbreviated MG, maj. gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. The disappearance of the "sergeant" in the title explains the apparent confusion of a ...
, was appointed provisionmaster-general, awarded the
Order of Saint Anna The Imperial Order of Saint Anna (russian: Орден Святой Анны; also "Order of Saint Anne" or "Order of Saint Ann") was a Holstein ducal and then Russian imperial order of chivalry. It was established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Hol ...
and the Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky. After the accession of Paul, he became one of the closest confidants of the emperor; the royal favors followed one after another: in 1797 he was granted an estate in the Saratov province with 2 thousand souls, the next year he was promoted, became a
lieutenant general Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the ...
, in 1799 he was appointed
senator A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...
. The French king
Louis XVIII Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. He spent twenty-three years in ...
granted him the commander's cross of the
Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem The Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, also known as the Leper Brothers of Jerusalem or simply as Lazarists, was a Catholic military order founded by crusaders around 1119 at a leper hospital in Jerusalem, Kingdom of Jerusalem, whose care bec ...
. In February 1800, he took the post of procurator-general; in this position he did not stay long, until the coup of March 11, 1801. For this year of service he was generously rewarded: granted a large cross of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, the
Order of St. Andrew The Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called (russian: Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного, translit=Orden Svyatogo apostola Andreya Pervozvannogo) is the highest order conferred by both the ...
, a large house in the capital, an imperial snuffbox with diamonds, porcelain and silver sets for 120 thousand rubles; was promoted to General of the Infantry. Pavel considered Obolyaninov "his". The competence of the procurator-general, which at the time was exceptionally broad, Obolyaninov tried to further expand, demanding, for example, from the Senate Chief Prosecutors, preliminary reports to him; at the same time, Pavel expanded it, ordering everyone to deliver his reports to Obolyaninov in general. Without mental and moral culture, deprived of at least practical service experience, Obolyaninov could hold in his post only with unquestioning obedience and precise performance. He never objected to the emperor, blindly following the commands; in affairs the arbitrariness was established. The heavy orders of the Pavlovian regime Obolyaninov aggravated by rudeness and aroused general hostility. The lack of upbringing and education affected the work at the highest post: he often scolded his subordinates, not being embarrassed in expressions; wrote with errors, distorting the name. However, he had the talent for staffing intelligent people in key positions. In the words of Dmitry Mertvago, Obolyaninov's colleague, Peter Khrisanfovich "became like a great Vizier" under the sovereign. The emperor Paul instructed him to take the oath of his sons Alexander and Konstantin on the memorable day of March 11, 1801. On the night of the same day, during the coup, Obolyaninov was arrested, and although he was immediately released, his career ended; a few days later he went to Moscow. Here, at first, he was forbidden even to visit a noble assembly, where Field Marshal Kamensky publicly called him ''"a state thief, a bribe taker, a fool stuffed"''.


Retired life

Before the invasion of the French, the Obolyaninovs lived openly in Moscow, receiving many guests. Obolyaninov managed to attract Moscow society with dinners and more than once he was elected the Marshal of Nobility. In this post, he even showed civil courage in 1826, raising his voice for the mitigation of punishment to Muscovite Decembrist Prince
Yevgeny Obolensky Prince Yevgeny Petrovich Obolensky (russian: Евге́ний Петро́вич Оболе́нский, – ) was a Russian officer from the Obolensky family, one of the most active participants in the Decembrist revolt. Biography Yevgeny Obole ...
, who was originally sentenced to the death penalty, then replaced by hard labor. In the fire of 1812, Obolyaninov's Moscow house on the corner of Tverskaya and Sadovaya streets, with a large garden and two outbuildings, burned down and was never really renewed. The couple moved to Obolyaninovo, situated near Moscow, where an elderly general engaged in the cultivation of flowers, and his wife became interested in dog breeding. According to the testimony of the mistress of the neighboring estate: The death of his wife had such a strong effect on Obolyaninov that he "slept on her bed until his death, on her pillows and was covered with the blanket under which she died". He himself died in the ninetieth year on September 22, 1841 in Moscow, in his house on Tverskaya. He was buried next to his wife in the Tver estate, in the parish church of the village of Tolozhnya, Novotorzhsky district.


Matrimony

From January 19, 1795 he was married to Anna Alexandrovna Nashchokina, née Yermolayeva (1754–1822), widow of court counselor Yakov Ivanovich Ordin-Nashchokin (1728–1793); the daughter of Lieutenant Alexander Petrovich Ermolaev and Ekaterina Gavrilovna Belkina.Anna Alexandrovna's younger sister was maternally married to Major General Yevgeny Olenin In her youth, she was beautiful, distinguished by kindness and courtesy, but "very simple and without any education". Anna Alexandrovna told that when she married old Nashchokin, she tried to dress older than her years, and when she married Obolyaninov, she began to youth to appear younger. According to the testimony of Elizabeth Yankova, "since she was a great hunter before the dogs she held, she was just talking about dogs"; at night, the little dogs sometimes occupied the entire bed of the hostess, so that she herself "somehow clung to the edge". On December 31, 1800, for the merits of her husband, she was granted to the cavalier ladies of the Order of Saint Catherine of the Small Cross. In the last years of her life, Anna Alexandrovna was bedridden. Since her second marriage was childless, Obolyaninovo near Moscow was inherited by Peter Khrisanfovich's nephew – Lieutenant Colonel Mikhail Mikhailovich Obolyaninov, whose daughter and heiress Anna married Count Adam Olsufyev.


References


Sources

*


External links


Petr Khrisanfovich Obolyaninov (Russian Biographical Dictionary)
* ttp://memoirs.ru/texts/Obolian_RS96T88n12.htm Order of the Prosecutor General Obolyaninov Yaroslavl provincial prosecutor February 28, 1800 {{DEFAULTSORT:Obolyaninov, Peter 1752 births 1841 deaths Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class