Peter (II) from the kindred Tétény ( hu, Tétény nembeli (II.) Péter; died between 1283 and 1286) was a Hungarian baron in the second half of the 13th century, who served as
Ban of Slavonia
Ban of Slavonia ( hr, Slavonski ban; hu, szlavón bán; la, Sclavoniæ banus) or the Ban of "Whole Slavonia" ( hr, ban cijele Slavonije; hu, egész Szlavónia bánja; la, totius Sclavoniæ banus) was the title of the governor of a territor ...
three times (1279–1280, 1280 and 1283). He was a faithful confidant of King
Ladislaus IV of Hungary
Ladislaus IV ( hu, IV. (Kun) László, hr, Ladislav IV. Kumanac, sk, Ladislav IV. Kumánsky; 5 August 1262 – 10 July 1290), also known as Ladislaus the Cuman, was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1272 to 1290. His mother, Elizabeth, was ...
in his fight against the
oligarchic
Oligarchy (; ) is a conceptual form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. These people may or may not be distinguished by one or several characteristics, such as nobility, fame, wealth, education, or corporate, r ...
domains. Peter was forefather of the Pekri (or Pekry) noble family.
Ancestry
Peter II was born into the
''gens'' (clan) Tétény as one of the sons of Benedict. He had two brothers Paul and Kemény.
[Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Tétény, Pekri branch)] The Tétény clan was one of the most powerful clans in the first third of the 13th century, during the reign of
Andrew II of Hungary
Andrew II ( hu, II. András, hr, Andrija II., sk, Ondrej II., uk, Андрій II; 117721 September 1235), also known as Andrew of Jerusalem, was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1205 and 1235. He ruled the Principality of Halych from 1188 ...
. They possessed extensive landholdings in
Slavonia
Slavonia (; hr, Slavonija) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper, and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia. Taking up the east of the country, it roughly corresponds with five Croatian counties: Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baranja ...
. However, when
Béla IV
Béla may refer to:
* Béla (crater), an elongated lunar crater
* Béla (given name), a common Hungarian male given name
See also
* Bela (disambiguation)
* Belá (disambiguation)
* Bělá (disambiguation) Bělá, derived from ''bílá'' (''whit ...
, who had long opposed father's political and economic reforms, ascended the Hungarian throne in 1235, they became disgraced and the overwhelming majority of their lands were confiscated. The Tétény clan disappeared from contemporary records for the upcoming four decades.
Early career
Sometime around 1270, Peter entered the service of the powerful lord
Joachim Gutkeled
Joachim from the kindred Gutkeled ( hu, Gutkeled nembeli Joachim, hr, Joakim Pektar; died in April 1277) was a Hungarian influential lord in the second half of the 13th century. As a key figure of the struggles for power between the powerful bar ...
, who served as Ban of Slavonia from that year and was a central figure of the 1270s civil wars and feudal anarchy. Under Joachim's command, Peter took part in the Bohemian–Hungarian war in the spring of 1273, when King
Ottokar II of Bohemia
Ottokar II ( cs, Přemysl Otakar II.; , in Městec Králové, Bohemia – 26 August 1278, in Dürnkrut, Lower Austria), the Iron and Golden King, was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty who reigned as King of Bohemia from 1253 until his deat ...
invaded Northern Hungary. Peter was present in the recapture of
Győr
Győr ( , ; german: Raab, links=no; names of European cities in different languages: E-H#G, names in other languages) is the main city of northwest Hungary, the capital of Győr-Moson-Sopron County and Western Transdanubia, Western Transdanubia ...
and
Szombathely
Szombathely (; german: Steinamanger, ; see also other alternative names) is the 10th largest city in Hungary. It is the administrative centre of Vas county in the west of the country, located near the border with Austria. Szombathely lies by t ...
in August, and also fought in the successful attack at
Nagyszombat
Trnava (, german: Tyrnau; hu, Nagyszombat, also known by other alternative names) is a city in western Slovakia, to the northeast of Bratislava, on the Trnávka river. It is the capital of a ''kraj'' (Trnava Region) and of an '' okres'' (Trnav ...
(today Trnava,
Slovakia
Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...
), where the town was recovered during the second phase of Ottokar's invasion in the autumn of 1273. During the siege, two of his teeth were knocked out by an arrow shot.
During the 1270s internal conflict under the minor Ladislaus' reign, Peter belonged to the
Kőszegi–
Gutkeled The coat-of-arms of the Hungarian Gutkeled clan
Gutkeled (spelling variants: Gut-Keled, Guthkeled, Guth-Keled) was the name of a ''gens'' (Latin for "clan"; ''nemzetség'' in Hungarian) in the Kingdom of Hungary, to which a number of Hungarian nob ...
baronial group, which fought for the supreme power and political control over the royal council against the
Csák–
Aba faction. As a ''
familiaris
In the Middle Ages, a ''familiaris'' (plural ''familiares''), more formally a ''familiaris regis'' ("familiar of the king") or ''familiaris curiae''In medieval documents, ''curiae'' may also be spelled ''curiæ'' or ''curie''. ("of the court"), ...
'' of Joachim Gutkeled, Peter participated in the clashes with the
Babonići, who threatened Joachim's territorial domain in Slavonia. The Babonići rose up in rebellion in Slavonia in early 1277. Although the Hungarian royal army was able to suppress the rebellion by August 1277, where Peter also participated, but his lord Joachim Gutkeled was killed in a battle in April 1277 and his oligarchic domain quickly disintegrated due to the partition agreements between the Kőszegis and the Babonići.
Ban of Slavonia
Peter Tétény was installed Ban of Slavonia in the second half of 1279, succeeding
Nicholas Gutkeled. According to Croatian historian Antun Nekić, Peter's political ascension took place because the Csáks, who dominated the royal council since 1277 decided to deprive the Gutkeleds from power for unknown reasons sometime after July 1279, despite their temporary alliance against the Kőszegis which was concluded after Joachim's death. It is possible that Peter left the allegiance of the Gutkeleds during that time and swore loyalty to the Csák kindred. In contrast, historian Attila Zsoldos considered Ladislaus IV, who was declared to be of age in May 1277, pursued an active and independent policy in the years 1277–1281, and Peter was able to rise to the narrow elite of the realm, because he faithfully supported the monarch against
papal legate
300px, A woodcut showing Henry II of England greeting the pope's legate.
A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title ''legatus'') is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic ...
Philip, Bishop of Fermo over the
Cuman
The Cumans (or Kumans), also known as Polovtsians or Polovtsy (plural only, from the Russian language, Russian Exonym and endonym, exonym ), were a Turkic people, Turkic nomadic people comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confede ...
question. Ladislaus appointed nobles who had been neglected until now to the court positions, including Peter Tétény,
Lawrence Aba and
Apor Péc
Apor from the kindred Péc ( hu, Péc nembeli Apor; died 1307) was a Hungarian baron and landowner at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, who held several secular positions during the reign of kings Ladislaus IV and Andrew III. He was one of ...
.
Peter is first referred to as Ban of Slavonia on the last day of 1279. He presided over a general assembly (''congregatio generalis'') of the realm of Slavonia (''regni Sclavonie'') during that time, where he confirmed some of their previous privileges to brothers
Pousa and Gecse Türje. Peter firmly protected the family interests, taking advantage of his position. When
Conrad Győr
Conrad (I) from the kindred Győr ( hu, Győr nembeli (I.) Konrád; 1299/1302) was a Hungarian lord in the 13th century, who served as Master of the cupbearers between around 1254 and 1260. Also known as Conrad of Óvár ( hu, Óvári Konrád) in ...
filed a lawsuit against his brother Paul, because the latter looted his village in
Baranya County
Baranya ( hu, Baranya megye, ) is a county () in southern Hungary. It is part of the Southern Transdanubia statistical region and the historical Baranya region, which was a county (''comitatus'') in the Kingdom of Hungary dating back to the 11 ...
,
Palatine
A palatine or palatinus (in Latin; plural ''palatini''; cf. derivative spellings below) is a high-level official attached to imperial or royal courts in Europe since Roman times. Matthew Csák ruled in favor of Conrad and ordered that Conrad should be brought into Paul's estate
Sveti Đurađ (Scentgurg or Szentgyörgy), which was opposed by Paul's brothers, Peter and Kemény. Despite the verdict, the estate remained in the hands of the Tétény clan; as only a few years later Peter received an exemption for the taxation regarding the
marturina
The ''marturina'', or marten's fur, was a tax collected in the lands to the south of the Drava River in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.
Origins
The name of the ''marturina'' indicates that it was originally an in-kind tax, collected in marten ...
and Szentgyörgy estate. Meanwhile, Ladislaus IV captured and imprisoned Philip of Fermo in late December 1279 or early January 1280. This escalation completely alienated the Hungarian lords from the monarch: as a result, they – under the leadership of Matthew Csák – decided to imprison the king. Sometime after January 1280, Ladislaus was arrested and transferred to the fort of
Roland Borsa Roland Borsa (; ro, Roland Borşa ; died 1301) was voivode of Transylvania for 3 periods in the late 13th century. He was known for battling the Mongol invasions and, later, for rebelling against King Charles I's attempts to control his territory. ...
as a prisoner. Paul Tétény attempted to free Ladislaus with an armed force, but he failed. This proves that Peter and his kinship did not join the
palace coup
A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome whic ...
against the monarch. The royal council deprived Peter from his position around January 1280, and he was replaced by
Stephen Dorozsma. With the mediation of
Pope Nicholas III
Pope Nicholas III ( la, Nicolaus III; c. 1225 – 22 August 1280), born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 November 1277 to his death on 22 August 1280.
He was a Roman nobleman who ...
, both the legate and the king were set free within a month, in February 1280. It is plausible that Peter was that family member, who built the castle of
Dobra Kuća
Medieval castle Dobra Kuća (meaning "Good House", also hu, Dobrakutya) was an important fortification of the region in the Middle Ages. It is often mentioned in Croatian medieval sources. It is situated near city of Daruvar, Croatia. Dobra Ku ...
( hu, Dobrakucsa), laid near present-day
Daruvar
Daruvar ( cz, Daruvar, german: Daruwar, hu, Daruvár, sr, Дарувар, la, Aquae Balissae) is a spa town and municipality in Slavonia, northeastern Croatia with a population of 8,567. The area including the surrounding villages (Dar. Vino ...
in Croatia, on the top of the
Papuk
Papuk is the largest mountain in the Slavonia region in eastern Croatia, near the city of Požega. It extends between Bilogora to the northwest, Krndija to the east, and Ravna gora and Psunj to the southwest.
The highest peak is the eponymous ...
mountain, which later became a royal property in 1335.
Ladislaus IV regained his complete range of motion by the summer of 1280. He reinstated his previously removed confidants in the royal council, including Peter Tétény, who was appointed Ban of Slavonia sometime between May and July 1280. Although Peter remained a confidant of the monarch, he was replaced as ban by
Nicholas Kőszegi in October 1280 at the latest. For their loyalty during his imprisonment, Ladislaus donated the estates Aszuág (Ozyag; in the area between present-day
Donji Miholjac
Donji Miholjac ( hu, Alsómiholjác, german: Unter-Miholtz) is a town in the Slavonia region of Croatia, on the river Drava and the border with Hungary.
Population
In the 2011 census, there were 9,491 inhabitants in the area, 95% of whom were C ...
és Sveti Đurađ in
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capit ...
) and Gajul on the bank of river
Ilova to Peter and his brothers in April 1281; both lands were formerly considered inherited estates of the Tétény clan, but were confiscated and attached to Baranya County during the ascension of Béla IV. Peter participated in the royal campaign against the rebellious
Finta Aba
Finta from the kindred Aba ( hu, Aba nembeli Finta; died 1287) was a Hungarian lord in the Kingdom of Hungary, who served as Palatine of Hungary from 1280 to 1281. He is best known for capturing King Ladislaus IV of Hungary in early 1280.
Family
...
in the summer of 1281. He was present at the siege of the fort of
Szalánc (present-day Slanec, Slovakia).
Peter elevated to the position of Ban of Slavonia for the third time sometime between April 1281 (Nicholas Kőszegi's last appearance) and June 1283 (Peter's first mention in this capacity). In this capacity, Peter was involved in the harsh dispute between Dowager Queen
Elizabeth the Cuman
Elizabeth the Cuman (1244–1290) was the Queen consort of Stephen V of Hungary. She was regent of Hungary during the minority of her son from 1272 to 1277.
The Cumans were the western tribes of the Cuman-Kipchak confederation.
Her people follo ...
and
Timothy, Bishop of Zagreb
Timothy ( la, Timotheus, hu, Timót, hr, Timotej; died 4 April 1287) was a prelate in the 13th century, who served as Bishop of Zagreb from 1263 until his death.
Early life
Timothy was of Hungarian ethnicity. He was styled as "''magister''", c ...
over the lordship of Garić (Garics or Podgaric). Timothy and his diocese were granted the castle of Garić and
Gerzence (Garešnica) lordship by Ladislaus IV in March 1277 by eternal right. Despite that, the monarch donated the lordship with its accessories (the castle and the surrounding lands) to Peter for his loyal service in June 1283, saying that Peter formerly possessed the lordship, but it was wrongfully taken from him. Croatian historian Antun Nekić considered Peter belonged to the court of Elizabeth, then
Duchess of Macsó and Bosnia, representing her interests in Garić and Gerzence against the
Diocese of Zagreb and the Kőszegi family. By the 1290s, the Kőszegis practically extended their influence over the whole region. Simultaneously with his baronial dignity, Peter was also styled as ''
ispán
The ispánRady 2000, p. 19.''Stephen Werbőczy: The Customary Law of the Renowned Kingdom of Hungary in Three Parts (1517)'', p. 450. or countEngel 2001, p. 40.Curta 2006, p. 355. ( hu, ispán, la, comes or comes parochialis, and sk, župan)Kirs ...
'' of Baranya County and the Gerzence lordship located in
Križevci County
Križevci (; la, Crisium; hu, Kőrös ; german: Kreutz ) is a city in central Croatia with a total population of 21,122 and with 11,231 in the city itself (2011), the oldest city in its county, the Koprivnica-Križevci County.
History
The f ...
in his own document in October 1283, when donated a portion in his inherited land Toplica to his ''familiaris'' Benedict, son of Job. The estate is identical with present-day Dimičkovina, a borough of Daruvar.
Descendants
Peter Tétény died sometime between 1283 and 1286.
Ivan Kőszegi
Ivan Kőszegi ( hu, Kőszegi Iván, german: Yban von Güns; died 5 April 1308) was an influential lord in the Kingdom of Hungary at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. Earlier historiographical works also refer to him Ivan Németújvári ( ...
is first referred to as Ban of Slavonia in November 1284, already. Peter married an unidentified noblewoman from the Siklós branch of the ''gens''
Kán Kán is the name of a Hungarian noble family which gave bans (governors) to Croatia and Slavonia, voivodes to Transylvania, and palatines to Hungary in the 13th and 14th centuries.
History
The Kán family were members of the Hermány clan. They ...
. It is possible that his wife was a sister of Nicholas Siklósi, father of
Julius
The gens Julia (''gēns Iūlia'', ) was one of the most prominent patrician families in ancient Rome. Members of the gens attained the highest dignities of the state in the earliest times of the Republic. The first of the family to obtain the ...
and Peter.
Peter's sons, Lawrence and Nicholas appeared before the collegiate chapter of
Buda
Buda (; german: Ofen, sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Budim, Будим, Czech and sk, Budín, tr, Budin) was the historic capital of the Kingdom of Hungary and since 1873 has been the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest, on the ...
(a
place of authentication
A place of authentication ( hu, hiteleshely; la, locus credibilis) was a characteristic institution of medieval Hungarian law. Places of authentication were cathedral chapters and monasteries authorized to provide notarial
A notary is a ...
) on behalf of their uncle Kemény in 1286, and paid off the
dower
Dower is a provision accorded traditionally by a husband or his family, to a wife for her support should she become widowed. It was settled on the bride (being gifted into trust) by agreement at the time of the wedding, or as provided by law.
...
(i.e. a portion in Peker estate) of the unidentified widow of the late
Abraham Tétény to the
Dominican nunnery at
Margaret Island
Margaret Island ( hu, Margitsziget ; german: Margareteninsel; tr, Kızadası) is a long island, wide, ( in area) in the middle of the Danube in central Budapest, Hungary. The island is mostly covered by landscape parks, and is a popular recrea ...
, in accordance with her
last will and testament
A will or testament is a legal document that expresses a person's (testator) wishes as to how their property ( estate) is to be distributed after their death and as to which person (executor) is to manage the property until its final distributio ...
. Instead of handing over the estate, they paid its equivalent of 40 marks. The noble Pekri family (also known as Pekry), which rose to prominence in the 16th century, during the
Ottoman–Habsburg wars
The Ottoman–Habsburg wars were fought from the 16th through the 18th centuries between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy, which was at times supported by the Kingdom of Hungary, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Habsburg Spai ...
, descended from Lawrence.
[
]
References
Sources
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Teteny, Peter 02
1280s deaths
13th-century Hungarian people
Bans of Slavonia
Medieval Hungarian soldiers
Peter 02