The Pesanggrahan River ( id, Sungai Pesanggrahan or ) is a river with the upstream in the
Bogor Regency
Bogor Regency (Indonesian: ''Kabupaten Bogor'') is a landlocked regency (''kabupaten'') of West Java, Indonesia, south of DKI Jakarta. Covering an area of 2,986.20 km2, it is considered a bedroom community for Jakarta, and was home to 5,4 ...
, flowing through the cities of Depok,
Jakarta and
Tangerang
Tangerang ( Sundanese: , ) is a city in the province of Banten, Indonesia. Located on the western border of Jakarta, it is the third largest urban centre in the Greater Jakarta metropolitan area after Jakarta and Bekasi; the sixth largest city ...
,
Banten
Banten ( id, Banten; Sundanese: , romanized ''Banten'') is the westernmost province on the island of Java, Indonesia. Its capital city is Serang. The province borders West Java and the Special Capital Region of Jakarta on the east, the Ja ...
. The river passes the districts of Tanah Sereal, Bojong Gede, Sawangan, Limo, Kebayoran Lama, Pesanggrahan, Kembangan, and Kebun Jeruk before flowing into the
Cengkareng Drain. Based on 2005 data, 55 percent of the watershed area of the Pesanggrahan River is occupied by housing, only 7 percent is still forests, 20 percent rice fields, and 13 percent other agriculture fields.
Geography
The river flows in the northwest area of Java with predominantly
tropical rainforest climate
A tropical rainforest climate, humid tropical climate or equatorial climate is a tropical climate sub-type usually found within 10 to 15 degrees latitude of the equator. There are some other areas at higher latitudes, such as the coast of southea ...
(designated as ''Af'' in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).
The annual average temperature in the area is 29 °C. The warmest month is October, when the average temperature is around 30 °C, and the coldest is January, at 28 °C.
The average annual rainfall is 3674 mm. The wettest month is December, with an average of 456 mm rainfall, and the driest is September, with 87 mm rainfall.
Flooding
The river causes regular flooding on both banks. In August to October 2010 the river walls were broken three times due to high debit and old wall age. The decreasing capacity and low maintenance caused the flooding in November 2012, affecting two areas in Ulujami. On 10 August 2017 the river overflowed and flooded four areas in Pondok Pinang.
Water quality
The joint research by HSBC, Green Radio, Sanggabuana, and ''Transformasi Hijau'' during June 2011 discovered that the water of the Pesanggrahan River was 100 percent polluted, so it could not be used for
fish farming
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Fish farming or ...
.
[ The water condition was dirty with an oxygen level of 3.2 ppm, compared with the normal level of 6 ppm. Only two river biota were found, namely snails and worms. Moreovoer, heavy metal pollutants were also detected, including lead, mercury, and hexavalent chromium.][ Therefore, the river could not be categorized as a category C source water anymore. The decrease in water quality was thought to be the results of higher density of housing on the river banks.][''Air Kali Pesanggrahan Tercemar 10 Persen''.]
Diakses dari situs Berita Tempo pada 2 Januari 2014
Normalisation projects
In December 2010 river normalisation was planned to increase the debit from 50 cubic meters to 115 cubic meters, but was delayed multiple times due to a long contractor selection process. The project was continued through the Jakarta Emergency Dredging Initiative (JEDI) of the government of Jakarta with the ministry of general work at the end of 2013 until 2014, with the support of the building project to straighten the flow of Pesanggrahan river around ITC Cipulir, and the building of dams in South Jakarta to hold the water at upriver, as to lessen the burdens of the downstream rivers in Jakarta.
The dam building was halted as the inhabitants requested more reimbursements, but could be resolved by the direct negotiation with Joko Widodo, the governor of Jakarta at that time.''Nego Harga Tanah, Jokowi Temui Warga Pesanggrahan Pekan Depan''
Berita Liputan6. Accessed 2 February 2014
See also
* List of rivers of Java
List of rivers flowing in the island of Java, Indonesia.''Map of Indonesia''. Peta Indonesia. Wawasan Nusantara. CV. Indo Prima Sarana. Accessed 29 Juli 2017.
In alphabetical order
Mouth location
The following list groups the rivers by the dir ...
References
{{Rivers of Java
Rivers of Banten
Rivers of Jakarta
Rivers of West Java
Rivers of Indonesia