''Peristylus'', sometimes commonly known as ogre orchids or bog orchids is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s from the orchid family,

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

. It consists of over 100 known species found across much of eastern and

southern Southern may refer to: Businesses * China Southern Airlines, airline based in Guangzhou, China * Southern Airways, defunct US airline * Southern Air, air cargo transportation company based in Norwalk, Connecticut, US * Southern Airways Express, M ...

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

as well as in

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

and on many islands of the

Indian Indian or Indians may refer to: Peoples South Asia * Indian people, people of Indian nationality, or people who have an Indian ancestor ** Non-resident Indian, a citizen of India who has temporarily emigrated to another country * South Asia ...

and

Pacific Oceans The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

Description

Orchids in the genus ''Peristylis'' are

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

perennial A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also wide ...

deciduous In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, aft ...

sympodial Sympodial growth is a bifurcating branching pattern where one branch develops more strongly than the other, resulting in the stronger branches forming the primary shoot and the weaker branches appearing laterally. A sympodium, also referred to a ...

herbs In general use, herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables and other plants consumed for macronutrients, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicinal ...

with paired fleshy

tuber Tubers are a type of enlarged structure used as storage organs for nutrients in some plants. They are used for the plant's perennation (survival of the winter or dry months), to provide energy and nutrients for regrowth during the next growing ...

s and thread-like, unbranched roots. The stems are upright and unbranched. The leaves are arranged in a rosette at the base of the plants or near the centre of the stem. The flowers are

resupinate Resupination is derived from the Latin word ''resupinus'', meaning "bent back with the face upward" or "on the back". "Resupination" is the noun form of the adjective "resupine" which means "being upside-down, supine or facing upward". The word " ...

, usually small, often crowded, white, green or yellowish and usually only last a few days. The dorsal

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...

and

petal Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...

s overlap to form a hood over the

column A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. ...

. The labellum has a spur and usually three lobes which may be short or long and threadlike. The distinguishing feature of the genus is the presence of two club-shaped projections on the stigma. In many respects, plants in this genus are similar to those in ''Habenaria'', only differing in the structure of the

Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Peristylus'' was first formally described in 1825 by

Carl Ludwig Blume Charles Ludwig de Blume or Karl Ludwig von Blume (9 June 1796, Braunschweig – 3 February 1862, Leiden) was a German-Dutch botanist. He was born at Braunschweig in Germany, but studied at Leiden University and spent his professional life wor ...

and the description was published in ''Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië ''. The genus ''Peristylus'' is derived from the Greek words ''peri'' meaning 'around', and ''stylos'' 'column', referring to the arms on each side of the column.

Distribution

Orchids in the genus '' Peristylus'' are found in

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

Indochina Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula or Indochina, is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west an ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

, the

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of ...

Polynesia Polynesia () "many" and νῆσος () "island"), to, Polinisia; mi, Porinihia; haw, Polenekia; fj, Polinisia; sm, Polenisia; rar, Porinetia; ty, Pōrīnetia; tvl, Polenisia; tkl, Polenihia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania, made up of ...

and

.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref>Seidenfaden, G. 1977. ''Peristylus'' Bl. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 31: 27.

Species

, the

World Checklist of Selected Plant Families The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (usually abbreviated to WCSP) is an "international collaborative programme that provides the latest peer reviewed and published opinions on the accepted scientific names and synonyms of selected plan ...

accepted the following species: * '' Peristylus affinis'' (D.Don) Seidenf. – Himalaya to S. China and Indo-China * '' Peristylus aliformis'' (C.Schweinf.) Renz & Vodonaivalu – Fiji * '' Peristylus alpinipaludosus'' (P.Royen) Schuit. & de Vogel – W. New Guinea * '' Peristylus aristatus'' Lindl. – Indian Subcontinent to Myanmar * '' Peristylus balaenolabium'' Ormerod – Sumatera * '' Peristylus balakrishnanii'' Karthig., Sumathi & Jayanthi – S. Andaman Islands * '' Peristylus banfieldii'' (F.M.Bailey) Lavarack – N. & N.E. Queensland * '' Peristylus biermannianus'' (King & Pantl.) X.H.Jin – Central & E. Himalaya * '' Peristylus bismarckiensis'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – Papua New Guinea * '' Peristylus brachypyhllus'' A.Rich. – S. India * '' Peristylus brassii'' Ormerod – W. New Guinea * '' Peristylus brevicalcar'' Carr – Borneo (Gunung Kinabalu) * '' Peristylus brevilobus'' Thwaites – Sri Lanka * '' Peristylus calcaratus'' (Rolfe) S.Y.Hu – E. Nepal, S. China to Vietnam, Taiwan * '' Peristylus carnosipetalus'' Kurzweil – N. Thailand * '' Peristylus carolinensis'' (Schltr.) Tuyama – Caroline Islands * '' Peristylus chapaensis'' (Gagnep.) Seidenf. – N. Vietnam * '' Peristylus chlorandrellus'' D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – Queensland * '' Peristylus ciliatus'' Carr – Borneo (Gunung Kinabalu) * '' Peristylus ciliolatus'' J.J.Sm. – New Guinea * '' Peristylus citrinus'' (Thouars) Lindl. – Mascarenes * '' Peristylus commersonianus'' Lindl. – Réunion * '' Peristylus constrictus'' (Lindl.) Lindl. – Indian Subcontinent to Indo-China * '' Peristylus cryptostylus'' (Rchb.f.) Ormerod – Society Islands * '' Peristylus cubitalis'' (L.) Kraenzl. – India to Myanmar * '' Peristylus cymbochilus'' Renz – Papua New Guinea * '' Peristylus densus'' (Lindl.) Santapau & Kapadia – Indian Subcontinent to S. China, S. Korea, S. Central & S. Japan to Nansei-shoto * '' Peristylus djampangensis'' J.J.Sm. – Jawa * '' Peristylus elbertii'' J.J.Sm. – Lesser Sunda Islands * '' Peristylus flexuosus'' (Thouars) S.Moore – Mascarenes * '' Peristylus formosanus'' (Schltr.) T.P.Lin – Central Nansei-shoto to Taiwan * '' Peristylus gardneri'' (Hook.f.) Kraenzl. – Sri Lanka * '' Peristylus goodyeroides'' (D.Don) Lindl. – Tropical & Subtrop. Asia * '' Peristylus gracilis'' Blume – Assam to Taiwan (Lan Yü) and Malesia * '' Peristylus grandis'' Blume – Thailand (Ko Tarutao) to New Guinea * '' Peristylus hallieri'' J.J.Sm. – Borneo * '' Peristylus hamiltonianus'' (Lindl.) Lindl. – Central & E. Himalaya to Thailand * '' Peristylus hatusimanus'' T.Hashim. – Japan (Kyushu) * '' Peristylus holochila'' (Hillebr.) N.Hallé – Hawaiian Islands * '' Peristylus holttumianus'' Seidenf. ex Aver. – S. Vietnam * '' Peristylus holttumii'' Seidenf. – S. Indo-China to Peninsula Malaysia * '' Peristylus hylophiloides'' Ormerod – Philippines * '' Peristylus intrudens'' (Ames) Ormerod – Central Nepal, Indo-China, China (Hong Kong), C. Taiwan, Philippines (Luzon) * '' Peristylus iyoensis'' Ohwi – E. Nepal, N. Thailand, S. Korea, S. Central & S. Japan, Central & S. Taiwan * '' Peristylus jinchuanicus'' K.Y.Lang – China (W. Sichuan, N.W. Yunnan) * '' Peristylus kerrii'' Seidenf. – N. Thailand * '' Peristylus kinabaluensis'' Carr – Borneo (Gunung Kinabalu) * '' Peristylus korinchensis'' Ridl. – Sumatera * '' Peristylus kumaonensis'' Renz – W. Himalaya * '' Peristylus lacertifer'' (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. – Central Himalaya to S. Japan and W. Malesia * '' Peristylus lancifolius'' A.Rich. – S. India * '' Peristylus latilobus'' J.J.Sm. – E. Jawa * '' Peristylus lawii'' Wight – Himalaya to India * '' Peristylus listeroides'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – New Guinea * '' Peristylus lombokensis'' J.J.Sm. – Lesser Sunda Islands * '' Peristylus macer'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – New Guinea * '' Peristylus maculifer'' (C.Schweinf.) Renz & Vodonaivalu – Vanuatu, Fiji (Vanua Levu) * '' Peristylus maingayi'' (King & Pantl.) J.J.Wood & Ormerod – S. Indo-China to N. Queensland * '' Peristylus minimiflorus'' (Kraenzl.) N.Hallé – New Caledonia (Î. des Pins), Futuna, Cook Islands * '' Peristylus minimus'' Kurzweil & Tripetch – Thailand * '' Peristylus monticola'' (Ridl.) Seidenf. – Andaman Islands, Malesia to New Guinea * '' Peristylus mucronatus'' J.J.Sm. – Maluku (Seram) * '' Peristylus nanus'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – New Guinea * '' Peristylus norumbus'' Ormerod – Papua New Guinea * '' Peristylus novoebudarum'' F.Muell. – S.W. Pacific * '' Peristylus nymanianus'' Kraenzl. – New Guinea * '' Peristylus ovariophorus'' (Schltr.) Carr – Borneo (Sarawak) * '' Peristylus pachyneuroides'' Renz – Papua New Guinea * '' Peristylus pachyneurus'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – New Guinea * '' Peristylus palawensis'' (Tuyama) Tuyama – Caroline Islands * '' Peristylus parishii'' Rchb.f. – Indian Subcontinent to S. China and Indo-China * '' Peristylus phuwuanensis'' Kurzweil – N.E. Thailand * '' Peristylus plantagineus'' (Lindl.) Lindl. – India, Sri Lanka * '' Peristylus ponerostachys'' (Rchb.f.) Ormerod – Philippines (Leyte, Mindanao) * '' Peristylus prainii'' (Hook.f.) Kraenzl. – Central Himalaya to Indo-China * '' Peristylus pseudophrys'' (King & Pantl.) Kraenzl. – Sikkim (Chungthang) * '' Peristylus reticulatus'' (Ames) Ormerod – Philippines (Luzon: Mt. Pulogloko) * '' Peristylus richardianus'' Wight – E. Nepal, S. India * '' Peristylus rigidus'' Kurzweil – N. Thailand * '' Peristylus rindjaniensis'' J.J.Sm. – Lesser Sunda Islands * '' Peristylus sahanii'' Kumar, G.S.Rawat & Jalal – N.E. India * '' Peristylus secundus'' (Lindl.) Rathakr. – S. India * '' Peristylus setifer'' Tuyama – Caroline Islands * '' Peristylus silvicola'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – New Guinea * '' Peristylus societatis'' (Drake) N.Hallé – Society Islands * '' Peristylus spathulatus'' J.J.Sm. – Borneo * '' Peristylus spiralis'' A.Rich. – S.W. India, Sri Lanka * '' Peristylus staminodiatus'' J.J.Sm. – Sulawesi * '' Peristylus stenodon'' (Rchb.f.) Kores – Vanuatu * '' Peristylus stocksii'' (Hook.f.) Kraenzl. – W. India * '' Peristylus subaphyllus'' (Gagnep.) Seidenf. – Cambodia * '' Peristylus tentaculatus'' (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. – S. China to Hainan * '' Peristylus tenuicallus'' Ormerod – Vietnam * '' Peristylus timorensis'' (Ridl.) J.J.Wood & Ormerod – Lesser Sunda Islands * '' Peristylus tipulifer'' (C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.) Mukerjee – India (Kerala), Central Himalaya to China (Yunnan) and Indo-China * '' Peristylus tobensis'' J.J.Sm. – N. Sumatera * '' Peristylus tradescantiifolius'' (Rchb.f.) Kores – Maluku to S.W. Pacific * '' Peristylus triaena'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – New Guinea to Solomon Islands * '' Peristylus tricallosus'' J.J.Sm. – Sulawesi * '' Peristylus trimenii'' (Hook.f.) Abeyw. – Sri Lanka * '' Peristylus umbonatus'' (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt – New Guinea * '' Peristylus unguiculatus'' J.J.Sm. – Borneo * '' Peristylus wheatleyi'' P.J.Cribb & B.A.Lewis – Vanuatu * '' Peristylus whistleri'' P.J.Cribb – Samoa

References

*Berg Pana, H. 2005. ''Handbuch der Orchideen-Namen. Dictionary of Orchid Names. Dizionario dei nomi delle orchidee''. Ulmer, Stuttgart

External links