''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile,

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

and

freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does include ...

dinoflagellate The dinoflagellates (Greek δῖνος ''dinos'' "whirling" and Latin ''flagellum'' "whip, scourge") are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and are usually considered algae. Dinoflagellates are ...

s. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can range from 30 to 70 μm in diameter, and has very thick thecal plates.

Morphology

''Peridinium'' is enclosed by cellulose theca and with two

flagellates A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word ''flagellate'' also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their ...

. The composition of the theca is laminaribiose and laminaritriose linking by ''β'' – 1, 4 and ''β'' – 1, 3 linkages. The cell body of ''Peridinium'' is highly polarized and is distinguishable from apical and antapical sides or dorsal and ventral sides. Their theca is divided into epicone and hypocone by the middle region (also called girdle or cingulum). The flagellates have two different directions, one is surrounding the middle region while the other are in the longitudinal groove of hypocone. The chloroplast in ''Peridinium'' is triple membrane, and some plastid-derived organelles like pyrenoid or eyespot also. This provides the evidence that these organelles originated from secondary endosymbiosis. The inner membrane of mitochondrion is tubular. Trichocyst is a specialized organelle in dinoflagellate which help them defense to predators.

Life cycle

''Peridinium'' is a

haplontic In biology, a biological life cycle (or just life cycle or lifecycle when the biological context is clear) is a series of changes in form that an organism undergoes, returning to the starting state. "The concept is closely related to those of the ...

algae. Most time of ''Peridinium'' are haploid vegetative cells and undergoing asexual or sexual cycle. They only form zygote before dormancy. In asexual cycle, the haploid vegetative cell throws the theca before mitosis and produces two daughter cells by mitosis. During mitosis, the chromosome in their nucleus condenses but the nucleus of endosymbiont doesn’t. After the cleavage furrow starts to separate their nucleus, the nucleus of endosymbiont then passes through the gaps between cleavage furrow and their nucleus. Then the nucleus of endosymbiont was divided by cleavage furrow together. In sexual cycle, they produce gametes as isogamete and the gametes fuse to form planozygotes to get dormancy. After dormancy, the zygote starts to undergo meiosis. The first meiosis produces a two diploid nuclei cell without cytokinesis. An asynchronized nucleus division then occurs in one of the two nuclei. One nucleus undergoing second meiosis before cytokinesis in first meiosis and turns into a trinucleate stage. After it, the cytokinesis of first meiosis is completed, and the trinucleate cell is divided into a diploid nucleus cell and a double haploid nuclei cell. When the cytokinesis of second meiosis is completed, finally, it produces four haploid daughter cells. Overall, ''Peridinium'' dominants in mobile haploid generation. Between spring and summer, the haploid venerative cells produce gametes by mitosis and fuse gametes into a diploid planozygote. The diploid planozygotes then transform into immobile hypnozygotes and deposit to get dormancy in winter. After a year, the hypnozygotes germinate in spring and release haploid vegetative cells.

Ecology

''Peridinium gatunense'' blooms in the Lake Kinneret in Israel which changing the color of the lake is discovered in 1960. The blooming event occurs because the organic mineral is flushed into the sea every year in spring. Organic mineral nourishes the

diatom A diatom (Neo-Latin ''diatoma''), "a cutting through, a severance", from el, διάτομος, diátomos, "cut in half, divided equally" from el, διατέμνω, diatémno, "to cut in twain". is any member of a large group comprising sev ...

and increases their population. Thus, the planozygotes of ''Peridinium '' break dormancy and release thousands of vegetative cells into the sea by feeding on diatom. From 1960 to 1996, the annual pattern was regularly peaked at spring in each year. But starting from 1996, the blooming was broken. The break of blooming is related to high temperature, other phytoplanktonic competitor (''Chytrid'' or ''Microcystis''), and human activities in the aquatic system by managing the water flow of the river.

Species

Species include:M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2018. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/genus/detail/?genus_id=Se66edad67e72e87b ; searched on 19 August 2018. *''

Peridinium abscissum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' O.Zacharias *''

Peridinium achromaticum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Levander *''

Peridinium acutangulum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Lemmermann Lemmermann *''

Peridinium acutum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' G.Karsten *''

Peridinium adriaticum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' H.Broch *''

Peridinium aequalis ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' W.S.Kent *''

Peridinium allorgei ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Lefèvre *''

Peridinium ampulliforme ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' E.J.F.Wood *'' Peridinium andrzejowskii'' Woloszynska *'' Peridinium annulatum'' C.A.Kofoid & J.R.Michener *'' Peridinium anserinum''

Baumeister Baumeister is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Alfred Baumeister (1934–2011), American psychologist * Christian Baumeister (born 1971), German cinematographer * Edward Baumeister (1848–1933), American politician ...

*'' Peridinium aspinum'' A.F.Meunier *'' Peridinium assymmetricum'' L.A.Mangin C.E.H.Ostenfeld *'' Peridinium asymmetrica'' T.H.Abé *'' Peridinium asymmetricum'' G.Karsten *'' Peridinium baliense'' E.R.Lindemann *'' Peridinium basilium'' W.S.Drugg *'' Peridinium belgicum'' A.Wulff *'' Peridinium bicorne'' L.K.Schmarda *'' Peridinium bidens'' Lemmermann *'' Peridinium bimucronatum'' J.Schiller *''

Peridinium bipes ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Stein *'' Peridinium brasiliense'' G.Borics & I.Grigorszky *'' Peridinium callosum'' E.H.Jörgensen *'' Peridinium carinatum'' Ehrenberg *''

Peridinium caspicum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' C.E.H.Ostenfeld Lemmermann *'' Peridinium castaneiforme'' L.A.Mangin *'' Peridinium cavispinum'' L.A.Mangin *'' Peridinium centenniale'' Playfair M.Lefèvre *''

Peridinium chattoni ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' B.Biecheler *'' Peridinium chattonii'' Biecheler *'' Peridinium chilophaenum'' Ehrenberg *'' Peridinium chinense'' J.Schiller *''

Peridinium cinctum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' O.F.Müller Ehrenberg - type *''

Peridinium comatum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' P.Morgenroth *'' Peridinium complanatum'' A.F.Meunier *'' Peridinium complanatum'' G.Karsten *'' Peridinium corniculum'' Kofoid & Michener *'' Peridinium crassipyrum'' Balech *'' Peridinium cucumis'' G.H.Wailes *'' Peridinium cuneatum'' A.C.J.Goor *'' Peridinium cypripedium'' H.J.Clark *'' Peridinium cystiferum'' Pavillard *'' Peridinium dakariensis'' P.A.Dangeard *'' Peridinium dalei'' Indel.& Loeblich Balech *'' Peridinium deficiens'' A.F.Meunier *'' Peridinium delitiense'' Ehrenberg *'' Peridinium dentatum'' V.Hensen *''

Peridinium diamantum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' D.M.Churchill & W.A.S.Sarjeant *''

Peridinium digitale ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' C.-H.-G.Pouchet Lemmermann *'' Peridinium diplopsalioides'' A.Henckel *'' Peridinium disciforme'' A.Cleve *'' Peridinium ellipsoideum'' L.A.Mangin *'' Peridinium ellipsoideum'' P.A.Dangeard *'' Peridinium eocenicum'' I.C.Cookson & A.Eisenack *''

Peridinium excavatum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' G.W.Martin *'' Peridinium exiguipes'' L.A.Mangin *'' Peridinium exiguum'' P.T.Cleve *'' Peridinium formosum'' Pavillard *'' Peridinium galeatum'' V.Hensen *'' Peridinium garderae'' Balech *'' Peridinium gargantua'' Biecheler *'' Peridinium gatunense''

Nygaard Nygaard, Nygård or Nygard all have a Norwegian, Danish, or Swedish origin and mean "new homestead" or "new farm". It may refer to: People *Nygaard (surname), a list of people with surnames Nygaard, Nygård, or Nygard Places Canada * Nygard Park, ...

*'' Peridinium geminum'' Playfair *'' Peridinium gemma'' A.Cleve *'' Peridinium globifera'' T.H.Abé *'' Peridinium godlewskii'' Woloszynska *'' Peridinium goslaviense'' Wolszynska *'' Peridinium gracile''

Gran Gran may refer to: People *Grandmother, affectionately known as "gran" * Gran (name) Places * Gran, the historical German name for Esztergom, a city and the primatial metropolitan see of Hungary * Gran, Norway, a municipality in Innlandet coun ...

& Braarud *'' Peridinium gracile''

Meunier Meunier is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Christian Meunier (born 1967), French automotive businessman * Claude Meunier (born 1951), Canadian actor and film director * Claude Marie Meunier (1770–1846), French general du ...

*'' Peridinium grani'' C.E.H.Ostenfeld *'' Peridinium granisparsum'' A.F.Meunier *'' Peridinium granulosum'' Playfair *'' Peridinium gravidum'' A.F.Meunier *'' Peridinium grenlandicum'' J.Woloszynska *''

Peridinium gutwinskii ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Woloszynska *'' Peridinium gymnodinium'' Pénard

Entz Justus Bulkley Entz (June 16, 1867, New York City – June 8, 1947, New Rochelle, New York) was an American electrical engineer and inventor. He invented the electromagnetic Transmission (mechanics), transmission, introduced in the Owen Magnetic ...

*'' Peridinium helix'' Balech *'' Peridinium hemisphaericum'' T.H.Abé *'' Peridinium herbaceum'' F.Schütt *'' Peridinium heteracanthum'' P.A.Dangeard *'' Peridinium hirobis'' T.H.Abé *'' Peridinium horridissimum'' V.Hensen *'' Peridinium horridum'' V.Hensen *''

Peridinium huberi ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' J.Schiller *'' Peridinium hyalinum'' A.F.Meunier *'' Peridinium hyalinum'' C.A.Kofoid & J.R.Michener *'' Peridinium illustrans'' O.C.A.Wetzel *'' Peridinium imperfectum'' G.A.Klebs *'' Peridinium inaequale'' Fauré-Fremiet *'' Peridinium inaequale'' N.Peters *'' Peridinium inclinatum'' Balech *'' Peridinium inconspicuum-contactum'' E.Lindemann F.Ruttner *'' Peridinium inflatiforme'' A.Böhm *'' Peridinium intermedium'' A.Candeias *'' Peridinium intermedium'' Playfair Playfair *''

Peridinium jensenii ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

*'' Peridinium jenzschii'' Ehrenberg *'' Peridinium kansanum'' P.Tasch *'' Peridinium karianum'' A.F.Meunier J.Schiller *'' Peridinium karianum'' A.Henckel *''

Peridinium karstenii ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Kofoid & Michener *''

Peridinium keyense ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

*''

Peridinium knipowitzschii ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Ussatschew *'' Peridinium kofoidii'' Fauré-Fremiet *'' Peridinium koma'' T.H.Abé *'' Peridinium lambdoideum'' E.Nagy *'' Peridinium laticeps'' J.Gröntved & G.Seidenfaden *'' Peridinium latipyrum'' Balech *''

Peridinium lenticulare ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' E.H.Jörgensen *'' Peridinium lenticulatum'' Fauré-Fremiet *'' Peridinium levanderi'' T.H.Abé *''

Peridinium limbatum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Stokes Lemmermann *'' Peridinium lingii'' Thomasson *'' Peridinium lithanthracis'' Ehrenberg Ehrenberg *'' Peridinium loeblichii'' E.R.Cox & H.J.Arnott

Dale Dale or dales may refer to: Locations * Dale (landform), an open valley * Dale (place name element) Geography ;Australia * The Dales (Christmas Island), in the Indian Ocean ;Canada * Dale, Ontario ;Ethiopia *Dale (woreda), district ;Norway *D ...

*''

Peridinium longicollum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Pavillard *'' Peridinium longirostrum'' A.Cleve *'' Peridinium longispinum'' L.A.Mangin *''

Peridinium lucina ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Ehrenberg *'' Peridinium macrapicatum'' Balech *'' Peridinium macrospinum'' L.A.Mangin *''

Peridinium majus ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' P.A.Dangeard P.A.Dangeard *'' Peridinium manginii'' Ostenfeld *''

Peridinium marinum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' E.Lindemann *'' Peridinium matzenaueri'' K.R.Gaarder *'' Peridinium melaphyri'' Jenzsch Ehrenberg *'' Peridinium meunieri'' N.Peters *'' Peridinium micrapium'' A.F.Meunier *'' Peridinium minsculum'' Pavillard *'' Peridinium minus'' L.A.Mangin *'' Peridinium minus'' O.W.Paulsen O.W.Paulsen *'' Peridinium minusculum'' Pavillard *'' Peridinium minutissimum'' L.A.Mangin *'' Peridinium mixtum'' Woloszynska *'' Peridinium monacanthum''

Broch A broch is an Iron Age drystone hollow-walled structure found in Scotland. Brochs belong to the classification "complex Atlantic roundhouse" devised by Scottish archaeologists in the 1980s. Their origin is a matter of some controversy. Origin ...

Balech *'' Peridinium monoceros'' V.Hensen *'' Peridinium morzinense'' Lefèvre *'' Peridinium multipunctatum'' Fauré-Fremiet *'' Peridinium mutsui'' J.Schiller *''

Peridinium nanum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Balech *''

Peridinium nasutum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' L.A.Mangin *'' Peridinium neglectum'' V.Hensen) *'' Peridinium nivale'' A.F.Meunier J.Schiller *'' Peridinium nodulosum'' C.A.Kofoid & J.R.Michener *'' Peridinium norpacense'' Balech *'' Peridinium novum''

Chodat Robert Hippolyte Chodat (4 June 1865, Moutier – 28 April 1934) was a Swiss botanist and phycology, phycologist who was a professor and director of the botanical institute at the University of Geneva. He studied medicine and botany at Geneva, wher ...

*'' Peridinium novum'' V.Hensen *'' Peridinium nux'' J.Schiller *'' Peridinium oamaruense'' Deflandre

Schiller Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (, short: ; 10 November 17599 May 1805) was a German playwright, poet, and philosopher. During the last seventeen years of his life (1788–1805), Schiller developed a productive, if complicated, friendsh ...

*'' Peridinium obesum'' Matzenauer *'' Peridinium obliquiforme'' J.Schiller *'' Peridinium obliquum'' L.A.Mangin *'' Peridinium obliquum'' P.A.Dangeard *'' Peridinium obtusipes'' L.A.Mangin *''

Peridinium oculatum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

Dujardin Dujardin is a French surname, meaning "from the garden", and may refer to: * Charlotte Dujardin, British dressage rider * Édouard Dujardin, French writer * Félix Dujardin (1801–1860), French biologist * Jean Dujardin, French actor and comedia ...

*''

'' F.Stein J.Woloszynska *'' Peridinium okamurae'' T.H.Abé *''

Peridinium ovale ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' V.Hensen *''

Peridinium pacificum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Kofoid & Michener *'' Peridinium paleocenicum'' I.C.Cookson & A.Eisenack *'' Peridinium parainerme'' D.S.Nie & C.C.Wang *'' Peridinium parallelum'' Brock *'' Peridinium parapentagonum'' Wang *'' Peridinium parapyriforme'' J.Hermosilla *'' Peridinium peisonis'' J.Schiller *'' Peridinium perbreve'' Balech & S.O.Soares *'' Peridinium perhorridum'' V.Hensen *'' Peridinium perminutum'' A.Cleve *'' Peridinium perrieri'' Fauré-Fremiet *'' Peridinium persicum'' J.Schiller *'' Peridinium petersi'' Balech *''

Peridinium pietschmanni ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' A.Böhm *'' Peridinium pilula'' Ostenfeld Lemmermann *'' Peridinium planulum'' J.A.M.Perty *'' Peridinium playfairi'' E.Lindemann *'' Peridinium playfairii'' E.R.Lindemann *'' Peridinium pleum'' P.Tasch *'' Peridinium polymorphum'' E.Lindemann *''

Peridinium ponticum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' D.Wall & B.Dale *'' Peridinium porosum'' V.Hensen *'' Peridinium pouchetii'' Kofoid & Michener *'' Peridinium priscum'' Ehrenberg *'' Peridinium privum'' O.E.Imhof *'' Peridinium pseudo-intermedium'' Couté & A.Iltis *''

Peridinium pseudo-laeve ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' M.Lefèvre *''

Peridinium pseudoantarcticum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Balech *''

Peridinium pseudograni ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' N.Peters *'' Peridinium pseudonoctiluca'' C.-H.-G.Pouchet C.-H.-G.Pouchet *'' Peridinium pseudopallidum'' N.Peters *'' Peridinium pulchellum'' G.Karsten *'' Peridinium pulchrum'' V.Hensen *'' Peridinium quadricorne'' A.Henckel *''

Peridinium quadridentatum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' F.Stein

Gert Hansen Gert Hansen (born 27 October 1937) is a Danish footballer. He played in two matches for the Denmark national football team The Denmark men's national football team ( da, Danmarks herre-fodboldlandshold or ''herrelandsholdet'') represents De ...

*'' Peridinium raciborskii'' Woloszynska *''

Peridinium rampii ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Balech *''

Peridinium resistente ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' P.Morgenroth *''

Peridinium rhombus ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' A.F.Meunier *'' Peridinium robustum'' A.F.Meunier *'' Peridinium rubrum'' L.S.Cienkowski *''

Peridinium saecularis ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' G.Murray & F.G.Whitting C.E.H.Ostenfeld *'' Peridinium scallense'' E.Lindemann *'' Peridinium schilleri'' A.Böhm *'' Peridinium schuettii'' Lemmermann G.Karsten *'' Peridinium seebergi'' A.Henckel *'' Peridinium sibiricum'' A.Henckel *'' Peridinium simplex''

& Braarud *'' Peridinium smirnovii'' Skvortzov *'' Peridinium sociale'' L.-F.Henneguy B.Biecheler *'' Peridinium solidum'' A.Cleve *'' Peridinium speciosum'' E.H.Jörgensen *'' Peridinium sphaericum'' A.F.Meunier *'' Peridinium sphaericum'' G.Murray & F.G.Whitting *'' Peridinium sphaericum'' K.Okamura *'' Peridinium spheroidea'' T.H.Abé *'' Peridinium spheroides'' P.A.Dangeard *'' Peridinium spinosum'' J.Schiller *'' Peridinium spirale'' Gaarder Balech *'' Peridinium striatum'' A.Böhm *''

Peridinium striolatum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Playfair *'' Peridinium subtatranum'' Woloszynska *'' Peridinium sydneyense'' Thomasson *'' Peridinium symmetricum''

Halim Halim or Haleem ( ar, حليم ) is an Arabic masculine given name which means gentle, forbearing, mild, patient, understanding, indulgent, slow to anger.Golziher, Ignaz, ''Muslim Studies'', ed. S.M. Stern (Albany: State University of New York Pre ...

*''

Peridinium tabulatum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Ehrenberg *'' Peridinium tassellatum'' G.Karsten *'' Peridinium tenuicorne'' L.A.Mangin *'' Peridinium tenuissimum'' C.A.Kofoid *'' Peridinium tetraceros'' v. Strampff *'' Peridinium thuringiae'' Jenzsch Ehrenberg *'' Peridinium toali'' A.Henckel *'' Peridinium tomnickii'' J.Woloszynska *'' Peridinium treubi'' J.Woloszynska *'' Peridinium tricuspis'' O.C.A.Wetzel *'' Peridinium tridens'' Ehrenberg *''

Peridinium triqueta ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' F.Stein Lebour *'' Peridinium tristylum'' F.Stein *'' Peridinium truncatum'' O.Zacharias *'' Peridinium truncus'' T.H.Abé *'' Peridinium tsingtaoense'' D.S.Nie & C.C.Wang *'' Peridinium uberrimum'' G.J.Allman *'' Peridinium uliginosum'' J.Schiller J.Woloszynska *'' Peridinium umbo'' L.G.Sjöstedt *'' Peridinium umbonatum''

Karsten Karsten or Carsten is a both a given name and a surname. It is believed to be either derived from a Low German form of Christian, or "man from karst". Notable persons with the name include: Given name ;Carsten: * Carsten Charles Sabathia (born 1 ...

*'' Peridinium venter'' V.Hensen *''

Peridinium ventricum ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' T.H.Abé *'' Peridinium ventriosum'' O.C.A.Wetzel *'' Peridinium vexans'' G.Murray & F.G.Whitting *'' Peridinium volkii'' Lemmermann *''

Peridinium volzi ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Lemmermann *'' Peridinium volzii'' Lemmermann *'' Peridinium volzii'' Woloszynska *'' Peridinium vorticella'' F.Stein *''

Peridinium wiezejski ''Peridinium'' is a genus of motile, marine and freshwater dinoflagellates. Their morphology is considered typical of the armoured dinoflagellates, and their form is commonly used in diagrams of a dinoflagellate's structure. ''Peridinium'' can ra ...

'' Woloszynska *'' Peridinium willei'' Huitfeldt-Kaas *'' Peridinium witoslawii'' E.Lindemann *'' Peridinium woloszynskae'' W.Conrad *'' Peridinium yonedae'' Abé

References

Dinoflagellate genera Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg {{dinoflagellate-stub