''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, widespread distribution throughout much of the world's tropical oceans, and are often sought out for aquarium trade.

Taxonomy

This genus has undergone several changes in classification based on recent molecular studies comparing species within the genus. However, most recent molecular studies have only involved approximately 20% of the known species likely to belong to the genus. Additionally, most of the molecular studies performed involved Indo-Pacific species of ''Periclimenes'' and did not include presumed ''Periclimenes'' found in the Atlantic Ocean. ''Periclimenes'' has previously been suggested as being a polyphyletic taxa, and has already undergone splits into several new genera. It is likely the genus will undergo changes in classification in coming years with further research. The genus contains the following species: *'' Periclimenes acanthimerus'' Bruce, 2006 *'' Periclimenes aegylios'' Grippa & d'Udekem d'Acoz, 1996 *'' Periclimenes affinis'' (Zehntner, 1894) *'' Periclimenes albatrossae'' Chace & Bruce, 1993 *'' Periclimenes albolineatus'' Bruce & Coombes, 1997 *'' Periclimenes alcocki'' Kemp, 1922 *''

Periclimenes aleator ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' Bruce, 1991 *'' Periclimenes alexanderi'' X. Li, 2008 *'' Periclimenes amethysteus'' ( Risso, 1826) *'' Periclimenes andresi'' Macpherson, 1988 *''

Periclimenes antipathophilus ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' Spotte, Heard & Bubucis, 1994 *''

Periclimenes batei ''Periclimenes batei'' is a species of shrimp found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It was first named by L. A. Borradaile in 1888, in commemoration of Charles Spence Bate who wrote the section on shrimp Shrimp are crustaceans (a form o ...

'' (Borradaile, 1917) *'' Periclimenes boucheti'' X. Li, Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2008 *''

Periclimenes bowmani ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' Chace, 1972 *''

Periclimenes brevicarpalis ''Periclimenes brevicarpalis'', the glass anemone shrimp or peacock-tail anemone shrimp, is a species of shrimp belonging to the family Palaemonidae. Description ''Periclimenes brevicarpalis'' can reach a length of 0.5 to 1.0 inch. The body is ...

'' (Schenkel, 1902) *''

Periclimenes brevinaris ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' Nobili, 1906 *''

Periclimenes brevirostris ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' Bruce, 1991 *''

Periclimenes brucei ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' Duriš, 1990 *''

Periclimenes burrup ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' Bruce, 2007 *''

Periclimenes calcaratus ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' Chace & Bruce, 1993 *''

Periclimenes calmani ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' Tattersal, 1921 *''

Periclimenes canalinsulae ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' Bruce & Coombes, 1997 *''

Periclimenes cannaphilus ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' Komai, Nemoto & Tsuchida, 2010 *''

Periclimenes carinidactylus ''Periclimenes carinidactylus'' is a species of saltwater shrimp found in Australian coastal waters and was first described in 1969 by Alexander James Bruce Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander th ...

'' Bruce, 1969 *''

Periclimenes chacei ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' X. Li, Bruce & Manning, 2004 *''

Periclimenes colemani ''Periclimenes colemani'' is a species of saltwater shrimp found in the Indo-Pacific Ocean that was first described in 1975 by Alexander James Bruce. It is found in association with the sea urchin '' Asthenosoma intermedium'' at depths to 12 m ...

'' Bruce, 1975 *''

Periclimenes colesi ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' De Grave & Anker, 2009 *''

Periclimenes commensalis ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' Borradaile, 1915 *'' Periclimenes compressus'' Borradaile, 1915 *'' Periclimenes consobrinus'' (De Man, 1902) *'' Periclimenes coriolis'' Bruce, 1985 *'' Periclimenes crinoidalis'' Chace, 1969 *'' Periclimenes cristimanus'' Bruce, 1965 *'' Periclimenes crosnieri'' X. Li & Bruce, 2006 *'' Periclimenes curvirostris'' Kubo, 1940 *'' Periclimenes dardanicola'' Bruce & Okuno, 2006 *'' Periclimenes delagoae'' Barnard, 1958 *'' Periclimenes dentidactylus'' Bruce, 1984 *'' Periclimenes difficilis'' Bruce, 1976 *'' Periclimenes digitalis'' Kemp, 1922 *''

Periclimenes diversipes ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' Kemp, 1922 *'' Periclimenes eleftherioui'' Koukouras & Türkay, 1996 *'' Periclimenes exederens'' Bruce, 1969 *'' Periclimenes fenneri'' Bruce, 2005 *'' Periclimenes fimbriatus'' (Borradaile, 1915) *'' Periclimenes finlayi'' Chace, 1972 *'' Periclimenes forcipulatus'' Bruce, 1991 *'' Periclimenes foresti'' Bruce, 1981 *'' Periclimenes forgesi'' X. Li & Bruce, 2006 *'' Periclimenes foveolatus'' Bruce, 1981 *'' Periclimenes fujinoi'' Bruce, 1990 *'' Periclimenes gonioporae'' Bruce, 1989 *'' Periclimenes granulatus'' Holthuis, 1950 *'' Periclimenes granulimanus'' Bruce, 1978 *'' Periclimenes granuloides'' Hayashi ''in'' Baba, Hayashi & Toriyama, 1986 *'' Periclimenes guarapari'' De Grave, 2008 *'' Periclimenes harringtoni'' Lebour, 1949 *'' Periclimenes hertwigi'' Balss, 1913 *'' Periclimenes hongkongensis'' Bruce, 1969 *'' Periclimenes hydrothermophilus'' Hayashi & Ohtomi, 2001 *''

Periclimenes imperator ''Periclimenes imperator'', known as the emperor shrimp, is a species of shrimp with a wide distribution across the Indo-Pacific. It lives commensally on a number of hosts, including the sea slug '' Hexabranchus''. A. J. Bruce A is the fi ...

'' Bruce, 1967 *'' Periclimenes incertus'' Borradaile, 1915 *'' Periclimenes infraspinis'' (Rathbun, 1902) *'' Periclimenes ingressicolumbi'' Berggren & Svane, 1989 *'' Periclimenes inornatus'' Kemp, 1922 *'' Periclimenes investigatoris'' Kemp, 1922 *'' Periclimenes involens'' Bruce, 1996 *'' Periclimenes iridescens'' Lebour, 1949 *'' Periclimenes ischiospinosus'' Bruce, 1991 *'' Periclimenes josephi'' X. Li, 2008 *'' Periclimenes jugalis'' Holthuis, 1952 *'' Periclimenes kallisto'' Bruce, 2008 *'' Periclimenes kempi'' Bruce, 1969 *'' Periclimenes kornii'' (Lo Bianco, 1903) *'' Periclimenes laccadivensis'' (Alcock & Anderson, 1894) *'' Periclimenes laevimanus'' Duriš, 2010 *'' Periclimenes lanipes'' Kemp, 1922 *'' Periclimenes latipollex'' Kemp, 1922 *'' Periclimenes lepidus'' Bruce, 1978 *'' Periclimenes leptodactylus'' Bruce, 1991 *'' Periclimenes leptopus'' Kemp, 1922 *'' Periclimenes leptunguis'' X. Li, Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2008 *'' Periclimenes longimanus'' (Dana, 1852) *'' Periclimenes longipes'' (Stimpson, 1860) *'' Periclimenes loyautensis'' X. Li & Bruce, 2006 *'' Periclimenes macrophthalmus'' Fujino & Miyake, 1970 *''

Periclimenes madreporae ''Periclimenes madreporae'' is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family, Palaemonidae, and was first described in 1969 by Alexander James Bruce. The male holotype and paratype were collected from Erskine Island, in the Capricorn Group of th ...

Periclimenes rex ''Periclimenes'', commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, ...

'' Kemp, 1922 *'' Periclimenes richeri'' Bruce, 1990 *'' Periclimenes robustus'' (Borradaile, 1915) *'' Periclimenes ruber'' Bruce, 1982 *'' Periclimenes sagittifer'' (Norman, 1861) *'' Periclimenes sandybrucei'' Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2009 *'' Periclimenes sandyi'' De Grave, 2009 *'' Periclimenes sarkanae'' Bruce, 2007 *'' Periclimenes scriptus'' ( Risso, 1822) *'' Periclimenes sibogae'' Holthuis, 1952 *'' Periclimenes sinensis'' Bruce, 1969 *''

Periclimenes soror ''Zenopontonia soror'', the starfish shrimp or seastar shrimp, is a species of shrimp in the family Palaemonidae. It is found in shallow water in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. It lives in association with a starfish, often changing its colour ...

'' Nobili, 1904 *'' Periclimenes tangeroa'' Bruce, 2005 *'' Periclimenes tenellus'' (Smith, 1882) *'' Periclimenes terangeri'' Bruce, 1998 *'' Periclimenes thermohydrophilus'' Hayashi & Ohtomi, 2001 *'' Periclimenes toloensis'' Bruce, 1969 *'' Periclimenes tonga'' Bruce, 1988 *'' Periclimenes uniunguiculatus'' Bruce, 1990 *'' Periclimenes vaubani'' Bruce, 1990 *'' Periclimenes veleronis'' Holthuis, 1951 *'' Periclimenes vicinus'' X. Li, 2008 *'' Periclimenes watamuae'' Bruce, 1976 *'' Periclimenes wirtzi'' d'Udekem d'Acoz, 1996 *'' Periclimenes yaldwyni'' Holthuis, 1959 *'' Periclimenes yucatanicus'' (Ives, 1891) *'' Periclimenes zanzibaricus'' Bruce, 1967 *'' Periclimenes zevinae'' Duriš, 1990

Habitat

''Periclimenes'' is widely distributed throughout tropical and temperate reef ecosystems of the Atlantic, Caribbean, Mediterranean, as well as Indo-Pacific Oceans.

Behavior

Symbiosis, commensalism, and parasitism

Many species of ''Periclimenes'' are commensal and often symbiotic organisms within their reef ecosystems. The most common organisms forming symbiotic relationships with this genus are species of fish, cnidarians, echinoderms, and sponges. Some species such as ''Periclimenes caraibicus'' have been observed to interact parasitically with species of sponges, living within the sponge and directly eating the sponge tissue. Another species, ''Periclimenes soror,'' is commonly found on a species of sea star known as cushion stars with no effect on the star making it a commensalistic relationship. Anecdotal evidence suggests that ''P. soror'' may choose a host star that matches its own coloration for camouflage. Other research demonstrated that the ''Periclimenes species'', ''P. yucatanicus'', has a symbiotic cleaning relationship with different species of reef fish studied in the pacific. ''P. yucatanicus'' performed a waving motion with its antennae to signal to reef fish that it is available to clean. The cleaner shrimps then ate parasitic organisms present on the reef fish species.

Characteristics

Species present in this genus typically have a transparent to semi transparent body with antennae protruding from the head region. Additionally, large variation of color and patterns exist on the organisms throughout, making them highly sought out ornamental species in the marine aquarium industry. File:Periclimenes imperator (Emperor shrimp) on Bohadschia argus (Sea cucumber).jpg, ''

'' on a

sea cucumber Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea (). They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. Sea cucumbers are found on the sea floor worldwide. The number of holothuria ...

File:Periclimenes colemani on Asthenosoma varium.jpg, ''

'' on an ''

Asthenosoma varium ''Asthenosoma varium'' is a sea urchin (an echinoderm, a member of the phylum that also includes star fish). Growing up to in diameter, it lives on sand and rubble sea bottoms in the Indo-Pacific, from the Red Sea to Australia and Southern Japan ...

''. File:Periclimenes soror on Culcita schmideliana.JPG, ''

'' on a pillow starfish ''

Culcita schmideliana ''Culcita schmideliana'', commonly known as the spiny cushion star, is a species of pin-cushion star. It has a variety of base colors and often patches of a different color. It is pentagonal in shape and lives in the tropical Indo-Pacific. This ...

''. File:Pederson's Shrimp.jpg, ''

Periclimenes pedersoni ''Ancylomenes pedersoni'', sometimes known as Pederson's shrimp and Pederson's cleaner shrimp, is a species of cleaner shrimp. It is part of the genus '' Ancylomenes'' and was described in 1958 by Fenner A. Chace Jr. as ''Periclimenes pedersoni' ...

'' File:Periclimenes magnificus (Commensal shrimp).jpg, '' Periclimenes magnificus'' File:Emperor Shrimp - Periclimenes imperator 2.jpg, ''

'' File:AnenomeShrimpJI1.jpg, '' Periclimenes holthuisi''. File:Periclimenes sagittifer.jpg, '' Periclimenes sagittifer''. File:Periclimenes tenuipes Red Sea.jpg, '' Periclimenes tenuipes''. File:Periclimenes tosaensis - Commensal Shrimp.jpg, '' Periclimenes tosaensis'' File:Spotted cleaner shrimp (Periclimenes yucatanicus) - Harry's Hole Reef, Soto, Curaçao Netherland Antilles.jpg, '' Periclimenes yucatanicus''.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3019910 Palaemonidae Taxa named by Oronzio Gabriele Costa