Pereiaslav ( uk, Перея́слав, translit=Pereiaslav, yi, פּרעיאַסלעוו, Periyoslov) is a historical city in the

Boryspil Raion Boryspil Raion ( uk, Бориспільський район, translit.: ''Boryspil's'kyi raion'') is an administrative raion (district) in east-central Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Boryspil. Population: . On ...

, Kyiv Oblast ( province) of

central Ukraine Central Ukraine ( uk, Центральна Україна, ''Tsentralna Ukraina'') consists of historical regions of left-bank Ukraine and right-bank Ukraine that reference to the Dnipro River. It is situated away from the Black Sea Littoral N ...

, located near the confluence of

Alta Alta or ALTA may refer to: Acronyms * Alt-A, short for Alternative A-paper, is a type of U.S. mortgage * American Land Title Association, a national trade association representing the land title industry * American Literary Translators Associatio ...

and

Trubizh The Trubizh (, russian: Трубе́ж) is a river entirely located in Ukraine, a left tributary of Dnieper. It falls into the Dnieper's Kaniv Reservoir (named after Kaniv). It is long, and has a drainage basin of .Kyiv. From 1943 until 2019 the city name was Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi (or ''Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyy''; uk, Перея́слав-Хмельни́цький).Rada renamed Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky
Ukrayinska Pravda (30 October 2019
Rada Renames Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi Of Kyiv Region For Pereyaslav
Ukrainian News Agency (30 October 2019) Pereiaslav hosts the administration of Pereiaslav urban hromada, one of the

hromada A hromada ( uk, територіальна громада, lit=territorial community, translit=terytorialna hromada) is a basic unit of administrative division in Ukraine, similar to a municipality. It was established by the Government of Ukra ...

s of Ukraine. Its population is approximately With its current estimated population about 30,000, and more than 20 museums, Pereiaslav is often described as a "living museum"''"Pereyaslav Khmelnytsky – a town of museums", Welcome to Ukraine Magazine, March 2007'' and granted status of a History and Ethnography Reserve ( uk, історико-етнографічний заповідник).

History

Medieval Kievan Rus' city

Pereiaslav played a significant role in the history of Ukraine. It was mentioned for the first time in the text of the Rus' Treaty with the Byzantine Empire (911) as Pereyaslav-Rus'kyi, to distinguish it from Pereslavets in Bulgaria, later with establishment cities in Zalesye, from Pereslavl-Zalessky and Pereyaslavl Ryazansky. Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev built here in 992 the large fortress to protect the southern limits of Kievan Rus' from raids of nomads from

steppe In physical geography, a steppe () is an ecoregion characterized by grassland plains without trees apart from those near rivers and lakes. Steppe biomes may include: * the montane grasslands and shrublands biome * the temperate grasslands, ...

s of what is now southern Ukraine. The city was the capital of the Principality of Pereiaslavl' from the middle of the 11th century until its demolition by Tatars in 1239, during the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'.

Lithuania and Poland

During the 14th century Pereiaslav was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Since 1471 it was part of the Kiev Voivodeship, which in 1569 became part of the

Crown of the Kingdom of Poland The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Latin: ''Corona Regni Poloniae''), known also as the Polish Crown, is the common name for the historic Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, includ ...

. In 1585, Polish King Stephen Báthory granted Perejasław Magdeburg city rights. It was a

royal city Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a ...

of Poland.

Cossack Ukraine

During the second half of the 16th century Pereiaslav became a regimental city of the Ukrainian

Cossacks The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...

. Here in 1654

Bohdan Khmelnytsky Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi ( Ruthenian: Ѕѣнові Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи; modern ua, Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький; 6 August 1657) was a Ukrainian military commander and ...

had the controversial "Pereiaslav Convent", where the Ukrainian Cossacks had voted for a military alliance with

Muscovy Muscovy is an alternative name for the Grand Duchy of Moscow (1263–1547) and the Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721). It may also refer to: *Muscovy Company, an English trading company chartered in 1555 * Muscovy duck (''Cairina moschata'') and Domes ...

and accepted the

Treaty of Pereyaslav The Pereiaslav AgreementPereyaslav Agreement

. The treaty resulted in the establishment of the Cossack Hetmanate in left-bank Ukraine subject to the Tsardom of Russia, and to the Russo-Polish War (1654-1667). The town known as ''Pereiaslav'' at that time, and later as ''Pereiaslav-Poltavskyi''. According to the Truce of Andrusovo in 1667, Pereiaslav became part of Russia.

Soviet museum center

Upon the end of World War II, the Soviet government, keen to glorify the Treaty of Pereiaslav as the ground for Ukraine's unification with Russia, renamed Pereiaslav to ''Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi'' in October 1943 to stress Bohdan Khmelnytskyi's role of that event. Later, the otherwise obscure town was established as a dedicated museum and tourism center. By the request of the Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi City Council the Ukrainian parliament reinstated the city to its historic name Pereiaslav in October 2019. Until 18 July 2020, Pereiaslav was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of

Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Raion Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Raion () was a raion (district) in Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center, Pereiaslav (from 1943 until 2019 the city was named Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi), was incorporated separately as a town of oblast significan ...

even though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast to seven, the city of Pereiaslav was merged into Boryspil Raion.

Economy

There is a major

river port An inland port is a port on an inland waterway, such as a river, lake, or canal, which may or may not be connected to the sea. The term "inland port" is also used to refer to a dry port. Examples The United States Army Corps of Engineers publ ...

in the city, working as part of

Kyiv River Port The Kyiv River Port ( uk, Київський річковий порт; translit. ''Kyivskyi richkovyi port'') is the main river port of Kyiv, located on the right bank of the Dnieper River in the Podil neighborhood of the city. The port has an ...

Notable people from Pereiaslav

Hanna Knyazyeva-Minenko by Augustas Didzgalvis

* Sholem Aleichem (1859–1916), Jewish-Ukrainian

Yiddish Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a ver ...

writer and playwright * Meir Blinken (1879–1915), Jewish-American writer *

Hanna Knyazyeva-Minenko Hanna Victorivna Knyazyeva-Minenko ( ua, Ганна Вікторівна Князєва-Міненко, he, חנה קנייזבה-מיננקו; born 25 September 1989) is a former Ukrainian and a current Israeli triple jumper and long jumper. S ...

(born 1989), Ukrainian and Israeli triple jumper and long jumper * Louise Nevelson (1899–1988), American sculptor * Pavlo Teteria (1620s–1670), Ukrainian Hetman

Landmarks

The most significant landmarks of Pereiaslav are: * Museum of Folk Architecture and Household Traditions in Middle Naddnipryanschina, presenting the architecture and traditions of Ukrainians from ancient times until the 19th century, which includes submuseums: Museum of Bread, Museum of Land Transportation, Museum of

Rushnyk A rushnyk or rushnik (russian: рушник, ручник, uk, рушник, be, ручнік, ručnik, rue, ручник) is a decorative and ritual cloth. Made of linen or cotton it usually represents woven or embroidered designs, symbols ...

s (Ukrainian Decorative Towels), Museum of Space Exploration, Museum of Postal Services, Museum of

Beekeeping Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of bee colonies, commonly in man-made beehives. Honey bees in the genus '' Apis'' are the most-commonly-kept species but other honey-producing bees such as ''Melipona'' stingless bees are also kept. ...

, Museum of Applied and Decorative Arts, Museum of Ukrainian Traditional Rituals, Museum of

Archeology Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscap ...

, Museum of the

Cossack The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...

Glory, Museum of Trypillya Culture, Museum of Ukrainian Traditional Dress, etc. * Excavated ruins of buildings from the 10–11th centuries. * St. Michael's church (1646–66). * Ascension monastery (with cathedral built in 1695–1700).

Jewish Community

The first mention of the Jewish community of Pereiaslav dates to 1620, when the townspeople complained to King Sigismund of the growing number and influence of Jews in Pereiaslav. Denying Jews the right to keep breweries, malt-houses and distilleries, having already prohibited them to engage in farming, the King ordered his commissioners to consider the other rights of Jews. Three years later, an agreement was signed allowing the Jews to enjoy all of the rights and liberties of urban citizens. This agreement was confirmed by King Sigismund. Pereiaslav Jews were among the first to be killed during the first Khmelnytskyi uprising. Chronicler Nathan Hannover writes: «And a lot of holy communities, based not far from the place of battle and unable to flee, like the holy communities of Pereiaslav, Baryshivka, Pyryatin, Borispil, Lubny, Lokhvitsa and the surrounding communities, died as martyrs of various cruel and heinous kinds of slaughter...» («Yeven metsula», p. 94). Another chronicler, Rabbi Meir of Schebrzheschina, provides a detailed story: «The sacred community of Pereiaslav had drunk from the cup of bitterness several times; perplexed Jews fled to the sacred community of Borisovka (NB. probably Baryshivka). But the rebels also came there and slaughtered many Jews including infants. The local non-Jews pitied those who survived and brought them back to Pereiaslav, where they remained locked up like prisoners in their homes, because they were afraid to be seen by the rebels. At night they did not know what the morning would bring, and in the morning - what the evening promised». Famous Yiddish author Sholom Aleichem was born in Pereiaslav in 1859. He spent his childhood in the town of Voronkiv, but when the family became impoverished he returned to Pereiaslav, where he studied at the Russian gymnasium until 1876. In 1879 he again returned to Pereiaslav for several years. The town is described in detail in his autobiographical prose. In the town's 'ethnographic reserve', there is a museum dedicated to him. Additional Comments: ...After the 1654 Pereiaslav Council, the remnants of the Pereiaslav Jewish community became patronized by Russia. The left-bank Jews were allowed to stay in their homes, but the townspeople of Pereiaslav presented to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich the law of 1620 limiting the rights of Jews, which was confirmed by the Tsar. Information about Pereiaslav Jews disappears from the same year 1654. A new community developed during the late 18th century. According to the tax books of 1801, there were 5 Christian merchants, no Jewish merchants; 844 Christian townspeople and 66 Jewish townspeople. According to the audit of 1847 there was only one "Pereiaslavskoe' Jewish community in the district, consisting of 1,519 people. According to the census of 1897, there were 185,000 inhabitants in the district, among them 9,857 Jews, including in Pereiaslav - 14,614 residents, of whom 5,754 were Jews. In 1910, three Jewish schools operated in Pereiaslav: first grade primary boys school, a private boys school, and a Talmud-Torah. At the end of the 19th century, the synagogue was built, it survived the war and has preserved until now – the factory of woven products named after B. Khmelnitsky is operating there. On 30 June – 2 July 1881 there was a pogrom against the Jews in Pereiaslav. Among the victims were Jews who had fled here after the Kyiv pogrom. From Pereiaslav, the unrest spread to the surrounding areas. In June 1919, Ataman Zeleniy arranged a pogrom in Pereiaslav and 20 people were killed. By 1921, a Jewish 'self-defense' organisation had been founded in Pereiaslav. In 1926, the Jewish community was flourishing despite the persecution and there were 3,590 Jews in Pereiaslav. At this time, there were 8 houses of study ('' batei midrash''), 3 different Jewish schools, and 26

kosher (also or , ) is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jewish people are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher ( in English, yi, כּשר), fro ...

butchers. During autumn 1941, on the outskirts of the city (the present territory of the Altitsky cemetery), 800 Jewish residents of Pereiaslav were shot. According to elderly residents, the exact date of the shooting was 4–5 November, however, the memorial plate indicates a different date – 6–8 October. On 19 May 1943, after a raid, 7 more Jewish women and 1 man were shot, and buried in the Altitsky cemetery. The current Jewish population of Pereiaslav numbers fewer than 100. The community office is located in the building of the former synagogue.

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Pereiaslav is twinned with: * Mozhaysk, Russia * Pereslavl-Zalessky, Russia * Vileyka, Belarus *

Mtskheta Mtskheta ( ka, მცხეთა, tr ) is a city in Mtskheta-Mtianeti province of Georgia. It is one of the oldest cities in Georgia as well as one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the World. Itis located approximately north of T ...

, Georgia * Paide, Estonia * Kočani, North Macedonia

Gallery

File:Coat of arms of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky 1620.svg, Coat of arms of Pereiaslav adopted in 1620. File:Жилище ХІ века.jpg, Replica of a ХІ century Kyivan Rus house in the Museum of Folk Architecture and Household Traditions File:OldUkrainianPostOffice.JPG, An old post office in the Museum of Folk Architecture and Household Traditions File:ドニプロ・ウクライナ伝統的文化博物館..jpg, The

Museum, in the Museum of Folk Architecture and Household Traditions File:Переяслав-Хмельницький. Вознесенський собор. 1695-1700 рр.jpg, Assension Cathedral File:Museum of the Kobzars, Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi.JPG, Kobzars Museum File:Pereyaslav church.jpg, A church in the Old Town of Pereiaslav File:Переяслав, 300-летие воссоединения.jpg, A monument dedicated to the Treaty of Pereiaslav in the main square File:Pereyaslav main square.jpg, Bohdan Khmelnytsky square in Pereiaslav File:32-110-0009 Покровська церква з с. Сухий Яр.jpg, Church of the Intercession

References

{{Authority control Severians Cities in Kyiv Oblast Pereyaslavsky Uyezd Kiev Voivodeship Cities of regional significance in Ukraine Cossack Hetmanate Holocaust locations in Ukraine Populated places on the Dnieper in Ukraine Populated places established in the 10th century Dnieper Ukraine