''Perets'' ( uk, Перець, "Pepper") is a Ukrainian

satirical Satire is a genre of the visual, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, often with the intent of shaming or e ...

and humorous illustrated magazine. Together with the Moscow " Krocodil" (circulation in 1986 5 million copies) "Pepper" (circulation in 1986 3.3 million copies) was one of the two most popular comedy magazines in the

USSR The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...

Red Pepper

The magazine was founded in the then capital of the

Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...

Kharkiv Kharkiv ( uk, wikt:Харків, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine.Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...

in 1941. Literary critics associate the development of satire and humor in the first years after 1917 with two factors: the artistic creativity of the masses, called by the revolution to active social construction, and the satirical, mostly political and agitation speeches of

Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (, ; rus, Влади́мир Влади́мирович Маяко́вский, , vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ məjɪˈkofskʲɪj, Ru-Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky.ogg, links=y; – 14 Apr ...

and

Demyan Bedny Yefim Alekseevich Pridvorov ( rus, Ефи́м Алексе́евич Придво́ров, p=jɪˈfʲim ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ prʲɪˈdvorəf, a=Yefim Alyeksyeyevich Pridvorov.ru.vorb.oga; – May 25, 1945), better known by the pen name D ...

. Ukrainian humor was evaluated as a motivating example. Satirical poems,

humoresque Humoresque (or Humoreske) is a genre of Romantic music characterized by pieces with fanciful humor in the sense of mood rather than wit. History The name refers to the German term ''Humoreske'', which was given from the 1800s (decade) onward to h ...

, and fables directed against the White Guard and the foreign counterrevolution were published in the pages of the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...

and civilian newspapers. At the same time, satirical publications imbued with anti-Bolshevik and

anti-interventionist Non-interventionism or non-intervention is a political philosophy or national foreign policy doctrine that opposes interference in the domestic politics and affairs of other countries but, in contrast to isolationism, is not necessarily opposed t ...

pathos appeared in the press of the opposite camp, testifying to the hopes of the part of the masses that associated the social liberation and national revival of Ukraine with the building of an independent Ukraine. In the science of literature, this array of satire and humor, except for a few studies, was mostly not taken into account by researchers and not studied. The first two issues of the Red Pepper magazine were published in

Kharkiv Kharkiv ( uk, wikt:Харків, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine.1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic), Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éirean ...

Ostap Vyshnya Ostap Vyshnia (real name Pavlo Hubenko, – 28 September 1956) was a Ukrainian writer, humourist, satirist, and medical official (feldsher). Nicknamed by many critics as the Ukrainian Mark Twain and the Ukrainian Printing King; His fame was ...

took part in the organization and editing of the magazine together with

Vasyl Ellan-Blakytny Vasyl Ellan-Blakytny ( uk, Василь Еллан-Блакитний) or Vasily Mikhailovich Blakitny (Russian: Василий Михайлович Блскитный), born Vasyl Ellansky ( uk, Василь Елланський; January 12, 1894 ...

. Unfortunately, due to economic difficulties, the third issue did not come out. The magazine was restored as a biweekly called "Red Pepper", published in Ukrainian in 1927-

1934 Events January–February * January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established. * January 15 – The 8.0 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake, Nepal–Bihar earthquake strik ...

in Kharkiv as a supplement to the "News of the

All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee ( uk, italic=yes, Всеукраїнський центральний виконавчий комітет) was a representative body of the All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets. It was the supreme legislative ...

", editor -

Vasyl Chechvyansky The name Basil (''royal, kingly'') comes from the male Greek name Vassilios (, female version ), which first appeared during the Hellenistic period. It is derived from "basileus" ( el, βασιλεύς, links=no), of greek origin, meaning "king", ...

, circulation - 27,150 copies. Main employees:

, Yuriy Vukhnal (Ivan Kovtun), Yukhym Gedz (Oleksa Savitsky), Antosha Ko (A. Gak), B. Simantsiv, K. Kotko (M. Lyubchenko) and others. The great popularity of the magazine was ensured by Ostap Vyshnya, who, according to some literary critics, was the most popular writer after

Taras Shevchenko Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko ( uk, Тарас Григорович Шевченко , pronounced without the middle name; – ), also known as Kobzar Taras, or simply Kobzar (a kobzar is a bard in Ukrainian culture), was a Ukraine, Ukrainian p ...

. Illustrators: O. Khvostenko-Khvostov, O. Dovzhenko, A. Petritsky, K. Agnit, O. Kozyurenko, L. Kaplan and others. It has a circulation of around 13.000 copies, well below of its peak of 3.000.000 in the late 1970s when it was close to rivaling the now-defunct Moscow-based Russian-language magazine ''

Krokodil ''Krokodil'' ( rus, Крокодил, p=krəkɐˈdʲil, a= Ru-крокодил.ogg, ) was a satirical magazine published in the Soviet Union. It was founded in 1922 as the satirical supplement to the '' Workers' Gazette'' (called simply «При� ...

''.

References

External links

Website of the newspaper

Archive 1952-1990
Newspapers published in the Soviet Union Newspapers published in Ukraine Publications established in 1927 Ukrainian-language newspapers 1927 establishments in Ukraine Mass media in Kyiv Mass media in Kharkiv Satirical magazines {{Ukraine-magazine-stub