The Popular Socialist Party ( es, Partido Popular Socialista, PPS) was a

communist party A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of ''The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A ...

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

. It was founded in 1948 as the Popular Party (''Partido Popular'') by

Vicente Lombardo Toledano Vicente Lombardo Toledano (July 16, 1894 – November 16, 1968) was one of the foremost Mexican labor leaders of the 20th century, called "the dean of Mexican Marxism ndthe best-known link between Mexico and the international world of Mar ...

. Lombardo Toledano, the initial leader of the

Confederation of Mexican Workers The Confederation of Mexican Workers (''Confederación de Trabajadores de México'' (CTM)) is the largest confederation of labor unions in Mexico. For many years, it was one of the essential pillars of the Partido Revolucionario Institucional ( ...

(CTM), decided to launch a new party in response to the increasingly moderate and corrupt policies of the ruling

Institutional Revolutionary Party The Institutional Revolutionary Party ( es, Partido Revolucionario Institucional, ; abbr. PRI) is a political party in Mexico that was founded in 1929 and held uninterrupted power in the country for 71 years, from 1929 to 2000, first as the Nati ...

(PRI). The Popular Party was supported by the

mine Mine, mines, miners or mining may refer to: Extraction or digging * Miner, a person engaged in mining or digging *Mining, extraction of mineral resources from the ground through a mine Grammar *Mine, a first-person English possessive pronoun ...

, oil and rail workers' unions, but its potential strength in elections was reduced by the strength of the PRI. The party adopted Marxism-Leninism as its ideological line in 1960.Rodríguez Araujo, Octavio.
La reforma política y los partidos en México
'. México: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 1989. p. 43 It was renamed the Popular Socialist Party in 1960, and over time its leadership became less critical of the PRI. In subsequent years it was often criticized as being a "

loyal opposition Loyal opposition in terms of politics, refers to specific political concepts that are related to the opposition parties of a particular political system. In many Westminster-style parliamentary systems of government, the loyal opposition indicat ...

," or part of the status quo. This led to a split by the PPS's left wing in the 1970s that formed the Party of the Mexican People (PPM), which merged with the

Mexican Communist Party The Mexican Communist Party ( es, Partido Comunista Mexicano, PCM) was a communist party in Mexico. It was founded in 1917 as the Socialist Workers' Party (, PSO) by Manabendra Nath Roy, a left-wing Indian revolutionary. The PSO changed its name ...

to form the

Unified Socialist Party of Mexico The Unified Socialist Party of Mexico ( es, Partido Socialista Unificado de México, PSUM) was a socialist political party in Mexico. It later became the Socialist Mexican Party () in 1988. History The PSUM was founded in November 1981 by the me ...

(PSUM). In 1997, a second party with nearly the same name—the

Popular Socialist Party of Mexico Popular Socialist Party of Mexico ( es, Partido Popular Socialista de México, PPSM) is a communist party in Mexico Mexico (Spanish language, Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a List of sovereign states, country ...

or PPSM—split off from the older PPS. This splinter group claims to be the true descendant of Lombardo Toledano's party. The PPS's traditional political space (i.e. to the left of the PRI) has largely been captured by the

Party of the Democratic Revolution The Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD, es, Partido de la Revolución Democrática, ) is a social democratic political party in Mexico. The PRD originated from the Democratic Current, a political faction formed in 1986 from the Institut ...

(PRD) since 1989. The PPS lost its registration as a national political party in 1997, though it is currently registered as a national political association under the name Popular Socialista.

PPS presidents

(1948–1968) #

Jorge Cruickshank García Jorge Cruickshank García (July 29, 1911 – January 1989) was a Mexican politician. He was the general secretary of the Popular Socialist Party and a five-time parliamentarian.Camp, Roderic Ai. Mexican Political Biographies: 1935–1993'. ILAS sp ...

(1968–1989) # Indalecio Sáyago Herrera (1989–1997) #

Manuel Fernández Flores Manuel may refer to: People * Manuel (name) * Manuel (Fawlty Towers), a fictional character from the sitcom ''Fawlty Towers'' * Charlie Manuel, manager of the Philadelphia Phillies * Manuel I Komnenos, emperor of the Byzantine Empire * Manu ...

(since 1997)

PPS candidates

(1952) #

Adolfo López Mateos Adolfo López Mateos (; 26 May 1909 – 22 September 1969) was a Mexican politician who served as President of Mexico from 1958 to 1964. Beginning his political career as a campaign aide of José Vasconcelos during his run for president, Lóp ...

(allied with PRI and PARM; 1958) #

Gustavo Díaz Ordaz Gustavo Díaz Ordaz Bolaños (; 12 March 1911 – 15 July 1979) was a Mexican politician and member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He served as the President of Mexico from 1964 to 1970. Díaz Ordaz was born in San Andrés ...

(allied with PRI and PARM; 1964) #

Luis Echeverría Álvarez Luis is a given name. It is the Spanish form of the originally Germanic name or . Other Iberian Romance languages have comparable forms: (with an accent mark on the i) in Portuguese and Galician, in Aragonese and Catalan, while is archaic ...

(allied with PRI and PARM; 1970) #

José López Portillo José Guillermo Abel López Portillo y Pacheco (; 16 June 1920 – 17 February 2004) was a Mexican writer, lawyer and politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as the 58th president of Mexico from 1976 t ...

(allied with PRI and PARM; 1976) #

Miguel de la Madrid Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (; 12 December 1934 – 1 April 2012) was a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as the 59th president of Mexico from 1982 to 1988. Inheriting a severe economic an ...

(allied with PRI and PARM; 1982) #

Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas Solórzano Cuauhtémoc (, ), also known as Cuauhtemotzín, Guatimozín, or Guatémoc, was the Aztec ruler (''tlatoani'') of Tenochtitlan from 1520 to 1521, making him the last Aztec Emperor. The name Cuauhtemōc means "one who has descended like an eagle" ...

(allied with PARM, PFCRN, and PMS to form National Democratic Front; 1988) # Marcela Lombardo Otero (1994)

References

{{Authority control 1948 establishments in Mexico Communist parties in Mexico Far-left politics in Mexico Institutional Revolutionary Party breakaway groups National Political Associations in Mexico Political parties established in 1948 Political parties in Mexico International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties