Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County () is an
autonomous county
Autonomous counties () and autonomous banners () are county-level autonomous administrative divisions of China. The two are essentially identical except in name.
There are 117 autonomous counties and three autonomous banners. The latter are fo ...
for the
Miao Miao may refer to:
* Miao people, linguistically and culturally related group of people, recognized as such by the government of the People's Republic of China
* Miao script or Pollard script, writing system used for Miao languages
* Miao (Unicode ...
and
Tujia people
The Tujia ( Northern Tujia: ''Bifjixkhar'' / ''Bifzixkar'', IPA: , Southern Tujia: ''Mongrzzir'', ; ) are an ethnic group and, with a total population of over 8 million, the eighth-largest officially recognized ethnic minority in the People's ...
located in southeastern
Chongqing
Chongqing ( or ; ; Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), Postal Romanization, alternately romanized as Chungking (), is a Direct-administered municipalities of China, municipality in Southwes ...
, China, bordering
Guizhou
Guizhou (; formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked province in the southwest region of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the province. Guizhou borders the autonomous region of Guangxi to t ...
province to the south and southwest and
Hubei
Hubei (; ; alternately Hupeh) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the Central China region. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Dongting Lake. The prov ...
province to the northeast.
It is away from downtown Chongqing.
The county spans an area of ,
and has a population of 545,094 as of 2010.
The county's government is located in .
History
During the
Shang
The Shang dynasty (), also known as the Yin dynasty (), was a Chinese royal dynasty founded by Tang of Shang (Cheng Tang) that ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and f ...
and
Zhou dynasties, the region of contemporary Pengshui belonged to the
State of Ba
Ba () was an ancient state in eastern Sichuan, China. Its original capital was Yicheng (Enshi City), Hubei. Ba was conquered by Qin in 316 BC. The historical Bo people and the modern Tujia people trace some of their origins back to the people of ...
.
During the
Warring States period
The Warring States period () was an era in History of China#Ancient China, ancient Chinese history characterized by warfare, as well as bureaucratic and military reforms and consolidation. It followed the Spring and Autumn period and concluded ...
, the area belonged to the
Qianzhong Commandery Qianzhong Commandery () was a historical commandery of the state of Chu during the Warring States period (481 BC - 221 BC). It was mentioned in the section ''Biography of Su Qin'' () of Sima Qian's ''Records of the Grand Historian'' or ''Strategies ...
, which would later be incorporated into
Qin dynasty
The Qin dynasty ( ; zh, c=秦朝, p=Qín cháo, w=), or Ch'in dynasty in Wade–Giles romanization ( zh, c=, p=, w=Ch'in ch'ao), was the first Dynasties in Chinese history, dynasty of Imperial China. Named for its heartland in Qin (state), ...
China.
During the Han dynasty, the area would be reorganized as Fuling County ().
Under the
Sui dynasty
The Sui dynasty (, ) was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China that lasted from 581 to 618. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties, thus ending the long period of division following the fall of the Western Jin dynasty, and layi ...
,
in 593 CE, the area was organized as Pengshui County ().
''Pengshui'' means "Peng River",
which was the old name for the
Yu River. During the
Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an Zhou dynasty (690–705), interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dyn ...
, Pengshui County was put under the administration of and .
Under the
Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...
, Pengshui was administered by .
Under the
Yuan dynasty
The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fifth ...
, it was administered by .
By 1645 during the
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
, it was part of Chongqing Prefecture (). In 1913 (
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
), it was part of Dongchuan
Circuit (). In 1927, it was reassigned to the Changgong Bureau () of
Sichuan Province
Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; formerly also referred to as "West China" or "Western China" by Protestant missions) is a province in Southwest China occupying most of the ...
. And in 1935, of the Eighth Administrative Inspection Area () of Sichuan.
People's Republic of China
On November 16, 1949, Pengshui was captured by the
communists
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a so ...
. In January 1950, it was put under the jurisdiction of ,
under the Chuandong administrative territory (). In September 1952, Fuling Special District was transferred to Sichuan, and was changed to a
prefecture
A prefecture (from the Latin ''Praefectura'') is an administrative jurisdiction traditionally governed by an appointed prefect. This can be a regional or local government subdivision in various countries, or a subdivision in certain international ...
in June 1968.
On November 14, 1983 Pengshui was approved as an
autonomous county
Autonomous counties () and autonomous banners () are county-level autonomous administrative divisions of China. The two are essentially identical except in name.
There are 117 autonomous counties and three autonomous banners. The latter are fo ...
.
The official status began November 10 of the following year. In 1987, it was assigned to .
In June 1997, it fell under the administration of
Chongqing
Chongqing ( or ; ; Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), Postal Romanization, alternately romanized as Chungking (), is a Direct-administered municipalities of China, municipality in Southwes ...
, which it remains today.
Geography
Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County is located in the
Sichuan Basin
The Sichuan Basin (), formerly transliterated as the Szechwan Basin, sometimes called the Red Basin, is a lowland region in southwestern China. It is surrounded by mountains on all sides and is drained by the upper Yangtze River and its tributa ...
along the
Wu River,
in the mountainous region of
Wuling. A total of 54.2% of Pengshui is covered by forest.
Geographic coordinates: 28°57′29° 51′ North, 107°48′108°36′ East. Altitude of the seat: .
The county is home to three peaks over above sea level: Qiliangzi () at , Baila Mountain () at , and Fenghuang Mountain () at .
Neighbours:
* North:
Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County
Shizhu Tujia people, Tujia Autonomous County (), or Shizhu County for short, is located in southeastern Chongqing, China. It is south of the Yangtze River, and borders the Chongqing divisions of Pengshui County to the south, Fengdu County to the s ...
* Northeast:
Lichuan City
Lichuan () is a county-level city of the Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in southwestern Hubei province, People's Republic of China, located west of Enshi City, the prefecture seat. It borders Chongqing Municipality to the southwest, ...
,
Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture () is located in the mountainous southwestern corner of Hubei province, People's Republic of China. It forms Hubei's southwestern "panhandle", bordering on Hunan in the south and Chongqing Municipality i ...
, Hubei
* East:
Qianjiang District
* Southeast:
Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County
Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, or Youyang County for short () is located in southeast Chongqing Municipality, China, bordering the provinces of Hunan to the east and Guizhou to the southwest.
The county spans an area of , and has a popu ...
* South:
Yanhe Tujia Autonomous County
Yanhe Tujia Autonomous County () is a county in the northeast of Guizhou province, China, bordering Chongqing to the north. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Tongren
Tongren () is a prefecture-level city in eastern G ...
, Guizhou;
Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County
Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County (; alternatively ) is a county in the northeast of Guizhou province, China, bordering Chongqing to the north. It is under the administration of Zunyi city.
Climate
Education
Jiaoba Township Central Pri ...
* Southwest:
Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County
Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County (; usually referred to as "Daozhen County", commonly abbreviated as Daozhen ) is a county in northernmost Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zunyi. Daozhe ...
, Guizhou
* West:
Wulong County
* Northwest:
Fengdu
Fengdu County (; formerly ) is a county located in Chongqing Municipality, People's Republic of China. The county was established as Fengdu County () during the Sui Dynasty. The name was changed to Fengdu County () during the Ming Dynasty. In 1 ...
County
Climate
The county's average annual temperature is , and the average annual precipitation is .
Demographics
As of the
2010 Chinese Census, the county had a population 545,094, down from the 590,228 reported in the
2000 Chinese Census.
In 1996, the county had an estimated population of 587,000.
59.5% of Pengshui residents are members of the following 11
ethnic minorities
The term 'minority group' has different usages depending on the context. According to its common usage, a minority group can simply be understood in terms of demographic sizes within a population: i.e. a group in society with the least number o ...
:
Miao Miao may refer to:
* Miao people, linguistically and culturally related group of people, recognized as such by the government of the People's Republic of China
* Miao script or Pollard script, writing system used for Miao languages
* Miao (Unicode ...
,
Tujia,
Mongols
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal membe ...
,
Hui
The Hui people ( zh, c=, p=Huízú, w=Hui2-tsu2, Xiao'erjing: , dng, Хуэйзў, ) are an East Asian ethnoreligious group predominantly composed of Chinese-speaking adherents of Islam. They are distributed throughout China, mainly in the n ...
,
Gelao,
Dong,
Tibetans
The Tibetan people (; ) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Tibet. Their current population is estimated to be around 6.7 million. In addition to the majority living in Tibet Autonomous Region of China, significant numbers of Tibetans liv ...
,
Manchu
The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...
s,
Zhuang,
Yi, and
Hani. There are 270,000 Miao and 90,000 Tujia in Pengshui.
Subdivisions
As of 2020, the county administers 3
subdistricts A subdistrict or sub-district is an administrative division that is generally smaller than a district.
Equivalents
* Administrative posts of East Timor, formerly Portuguese-language
* Kelurahan, in Indonesia
* Mukim, a township in Brunei, Indon ...
, 18
towns
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
, and 18
townships
A township is a kind of human settlement or administrative subdivision, with its meaning varying in different countries.
Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, that tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Ca ...
.
Subdistricts
The county administers the following 3 subdistricts:
*
*
*
Towns
The county administers the following 18 towns:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Townships
The county administers the following 18 townships:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Economy
Mineral deposits in the county include
coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Coal is formed when dea ...
,
barite
Baryte, barite or barytes ( or ) is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate ( Ba S O4). Baryte is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of the element barium. The ''baryte group'' consists of baryte, celestine (strontium sulfate), ...
,
marble
Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or Dolomite (mineral), dolomite. Marble is typically not Foliation (geology), foliated (layered), although there are exceptions. In geology, the ...
,
fluorite
Fluorite (also called fluorspar) is the mineral form of calcium fluoride, CaF2. It belongs to the halide minerals. It crystallizes in isometric cubic habit, although octahedral and more complex isometric forms are not uncommon.
The Mohs sca ...
, and
calcite
Calcite is a Carbonate minerals, carbonate mineral and the most stable Polymorphism (materials science), polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone. Calcite defines hardness 3 on ...
.
Transportation
The
Chongqing–Huaihua railway
Chongqing–Huaihua railway or Yuhuai railway (), is a single-track, electrified railroad in southwest China between Chongqing Municipality and Huaihua in Hunan Province. The line is long and was built between 2000 and 2005. Cities and towns al ...
runs through the county.
Major expressways which pass through the county include the
G65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway
The Baotou–Maoming Expressway (), designated as G65 and commonly referred to as the Baomao Expressway () is an expressway that connects the cities of Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China, and Maoming, Guangdong. When fully complete, it will be in leng ...
and
National Highway 319.
References
External links
Official site (2020)Official site (2003)China Daily
''China Daily'' () is an English-language daily newspaper owned by the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party.
Overview
''China Daily'' has the widest print circulation of any English-language newspaper in China. T ...
report on the flooding of Gongtan village for a nearby hydroplant
{{authority control
Miao autonomous counties
County-level divisions of Chongqing
Tujia autonomous counties