pendentive

In architecture, a pendentive is a constructional device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or of an elliptical dome over a rectangular room. The pendentives, which are triangular segments of a sphere, taper to points at the bottom and spread at the top to establish the continuous circular or elliptical base needed for a dome. In masonry the pendentives thus receive the weight of the dome, concentrating it at the four corners where it can be received by the piers beneath.

Prior to the pendentive's development, builders used the device of corbelling or squinches in the corners of a room. Pendentives commonly occurred in Orthodox, Renaissance, and Baroque churches, with a drum with windows often inserted between the pendentives and the dome. The first experimentation with pendentives began with Roman dome construction in the 2nd–3rd century AD, while full development of the form came in the 6th-century Eastern Roman Hagia Sophia at Constantinople.

Gallery

Image:Moskau erloeserkathedrale innen.jpg, Arches (left and right), dome (top) and pendentive (centre) in Moscow Cathedral
Image:Kostel Nejsvětější Trojice (Fulnek) – frs-002.jpg, Holy Trinity Church, Fulnek, Czech Republic
Image:Schema.pendentif.medieval.png, Formation of a pendentive. Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, 1856
Image:Crkva_Sveti_Kliment_-_Skopje_(2).jpg, Church of St. Clement of Ohrid in Skopje
Image:Pendentif.eglise.Nantua.png, A pendentive, labelled A. Illustration of a church in Nantua.
Image:Pendentives.jpg, Pendentive structure
Image:Haga_Sofia_RB3.jpg, One pendentive of the Hagia Sophia main dome
File:San_Giovanni_Evangelista_(Parma)_-_Dome.jpg, ''Vision of St. John on Patmos'' (1520–1522, Correggio, San Giovanni Evangelista, Parma), part of which is painted on the pendentives

See also

* History of Italian Renaissance domes
* Spandrel

References

Sources

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Arches and vaults

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