The current
Penal Code
A criminal code (or penal code) is a document that compiles all, or a significant amount of a particular jurisdiction's criminal law. Typically a criminal code will contain offences that are recognised in the jurisdiction, penalties that might ...
of Brazil ( pt, Código Penal brasileiro) was promulgated in 1940, during the Estado Novo regime in the
Vargas Era
The Vargas Era (Portuguese: ''Era Vargas''; ) is the period in the history of Brazil between 1930 and 1945, when the country was governed by president Getúlio Vargas. The period from 1930 to 1937 is known as the Second Brazilian Republic, and ...
, and is in effect since January 1, 1942. It is the third
codification of
criminal law
Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. It prescribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one's self. Most criminal law i ...
in the country's history, succeeding those of 1830 and 1890. One notable feature of the document is the inclusion of
libel
Defamation is the act of communicating to a third party false statements about a person, place or thing that results in damage to its reputation. It can be spoken (slander) or written (libel). It constitutes a tort or a crime. The legal defini ...
as a crime.
History
Previous penal codes
The first penal law in independent Brazil was the
imperial
Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism.
Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to:
Places
United States
* Imperial, California
* Imperial, Missouri
* Imperial, Nebraska
* Imperial, Pennsylvania
* Imperial, Texa ...
Criminal Code of 1830, issued on December 16, 1830 and approved by Emperor
Pedro I. The General Assembly of the Empire determined that any offense or voluntary omission to the Code was to be considered a crime. The Criminal Code of 1830 was in force during the Empire.
After the
Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, a new penal code was created on October 11, 1890, followed by a new constitution in 1891. This penal code was in effect during the
First Republic and most of the Vargas Era.
Current penal code
In 1934, a new constitution was enacted under President
Getúlio Vargas
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician who served as the 14th and 17th president of Brazil, from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1954. Due to his long and controversial tenure as Brazi ...
. This was followed by the creation of a new penal code, the one currently in use, on December 7, 1940.
After the end of the Vargas Era in 1945–46, a new constitution was created, but the Penal Code of 1940 was not abolished. There was an unsuccessful attempt to replace it with a new one in 1969, during the
military government
A military government is generally any form of government that is administered by military forces, whether or not this government is legal under the laws of the jurisdiction at issue, and whether this government is formed by natives or by an occup ...
. A large reformation of the Code was proposed in 1973 and successively postponed until it was revoked in 1978. Another commission for a large reform of the Code was formed in 1980. The reform finally took place in 1984, one year before the end of the military government.
Recent modifications include a redefinition of "sexual crimes" in 2009, and the inclusion of
feminicide
Femicide or feminicide is a hate crime which is broadly defined as "the intentional killing of women or girls because they are female," but definitions of it vary depending on cultural context. In 1976, the feminist author Diana E. H. Russ ...
in 2015.
External links
Penal Code of 1940
Penal Code of 1890
See also
*
Brazilian Anti-Corruption Act
*
Law of Brazil
The law of Brazil is based on statutes and, partly and more recently, a mechanism called ''súmulas vinculantes''. It derives mainly from the civil law systems of European countries, particularly Portugal, the Napoleonic Code and the Germanic la ...
*
Crime in Brazil
Crime in Brazil involves an elevated incidence of violent and non-violent crimes. Brazil possesses high rates of violent crimes, such as murders and robberies. Brazil's homicide rate was 27.4 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants according to the U ...
*
Constitution of Brazil
The Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil ( pt, Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil) is the supreme law of Brazil. It is the foundation and source of the legal authority underlying the existence of Brazil and the feder ...
{{South America in topic, Law of
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
Brazilian criminal law