Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro (29 June 1818 – 7 June 1890 was a Nicaraguan politician who served as the

President of Nicaragua The co-presidents of Nicaragua (), officially known as the presidency of the Republic of Nicaragua (), are the heads of state and head of government, government of Nicaragua. The office was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until ...

from 1 March 1875 to 1 March 1879 and a member of the conservative dominant oligarchy Chamorro family.

Background

He was a son of Pedro José Chamorro Argüello and wife Josefa Margarita Alfaro Monterroso and paternal grandson of Fernando Chamorro Lacayo (d. 1785) and wife Bárbara Nicolasa Argüello del Castillo. His brothers were Dionisio Chamorro Alfaro and

Fernando Chamorro Alfaro Fernando Chamorro Alfaro (1824 – 21 July 1863) was a Nicaraguan politician and military officer. He served as a General and member of the governing junta of Nicaragua (1860–1863). Fernando Chamorro (family), Chamorro was a firm supporter of t ...

. Dionisio was married to Mercedes Oreamuno and had two sons, Salvador Chamorro Oreamuno and Rosendo Chamorro Oreamuno, President of Nicaragua, the first of whom married Gregoria Vargas Báez and had

Emiliano Chamorro Vargas Emiliano Chamorro Vargas (11 May 1871 – 26 February 1966) was a Nicaraguan military figure and politician who served as President of Nicaragua from 1 January 1917 to 1 January 1921. He was a member of the Conservative Party. He lost the 192 ...

, 55th and 59th President of Nicaragua. By Josefa Peréz ... his father had a natural son, born before his marriage, Fruto Chamorro Pérez, 30th and 31st President of Nicaragua. His great-grandfather was

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine **Spanish history **Spanish culture ...

Nobleman Diego Chamorro de Sotomayor y Murga de Villavicencio, born in

Seville Seville ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Spain, Spanish autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the Guadalquivir, River Guadalquivir, ...

, who married no less than five times: to his great-grandmother Gregoria Lacayo de Briones y Pomar, Inés de Villa-Nueva y ..., Juana Fajardo y ..., Gertrudis de Pasos y ... and Rafaela Occonor y Salafranca, by whom he had a daughter Josefa Chamorro Occonor (1784 - 1843).

Career

At an early age, he left off studies to dedicate himself, together with his brother Dionisio, to the management of paternal inheritances under the guidance of their half-brother

Fruto Chamorro José Fruto Chamorro Pérez (20 October 1804 – 12 March 1855) was a Nicaraguan politician and military scientist who served as 10th Supreme Director of Nicaragua (1 April 1853 – 30 April 1854) and 1st President of Nicaragua (30 April 1854 � ...

. His first marriage was to N. Guadamuz; his second marriage was in 1854 with María de la Luz Bolaños Bendaña, born in 1828. They had three children: * Filadelfo Chamorro Bolaños, married to Bertha Benard Vivas, and had: ** Julio Chamorro Benard, married to Dolores "Lola" Coronel Urtecho, daughter of Manuel Coronel Matus and wife Blanca Urtecho Avilés and sister of José Coronel Urtecho, and had: ***

Edgar Chamorro Coronel Edgar is a commonly used masculine English given name, from an Anglo-Saxon name ''Edgar'' (composed of '' ead'' "rich, prosperous" and ''gar'' "spear"). Like most Anglo-Saxon names, it fell out of use by the Late Middle Ages; it was, however, ...

, Chief of the

Contras In the history of Nicaragua, the Contras (Spanish: ''La contrarrevolución'', the counter-revolution) were the right-wing militias who waged anti-communist guerilla warfare (1979–1990) against the Marxist governments of the Sandinista Na ...

*** Other six sons and four daughters * Diego Manuel Chamorro Bolaños, 56th President of Nicaragua * Pedro Joaquin Chamorro Bolaños, married to his cousin Ana María Zelaya Bolaños, and had: ** Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Zelaya, married to Margarita Cardenal Argüello, daughter of Julio Cardenal Argüello and wife and cousin Adela Argüello Cervantes and maternal granddaughter of José María Argüello Peñalba and wife María Cervantes Montalván, and had: ***

Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal (23 September 1924 – 10 January 1978) was a Nicaraguan journalist and publisher. He was the editor of '' La Prensa'', the only significant opposition newspaper to the long rule of the Somoza family. He is a ...

*** Ana María Chamorro Cardenal, married to Carlos Holmann Thompson, and had: **** ''Eduardo Holmann Chamorro'' **** ''Verónica Holmann Chamorro'' **** ''Hugo Holmann Chamorro'' **** ''Ana Carolina Holmann Chamorro'' **** ''Bruno Holmann Chamorro'' **** ''Ericka Holmann Chamorro'' **** ''Juan Lorenzo Holmann Chamorro'' *** Ligia Chamorro y Cardenal ****Ximena Barreto ****Samuel Barreto ****Leonardo Barreto ****Juan Diego Barreto ****Dominica Barreto ****Paola Barreto *** Jaime Chamorro y Cardenal ***

Xavier Chamorro Cardenal Xavier Chamorro Cardenal (31 December 1932 – 4 January 2008)Source: articl''Fallece Xavier Chamorro Cardenal''from EFE agency, on ''El Nuevo Diarios Website.Granada Granada ( ; ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada (Spain), Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence ...

and in 1854, he participated in the defense of the city, besieged by

Máximo Jerez Máximo Jerez Tellería (8 June 1818 in León, Nicaragua – 12 August 1881 in Washington, D.C., USA) was a 19th-century Nicaraguan politician, lawyer and military leader. He is considered to be one of the greatest Liberal political thinker ...

. He also contributed to the struggle to expel

William Walker William Walker may refer to: Arts * William Walker (engraver) (1791–1867), mezzotint engraver of portrait of Robert Burns * William Sidney Walker (1795–1846), English Shakespearean critic * William Walker (composer) (1809–1875), American Bap ...

, the American filibuster. In 1862 he dedicated himself to politics as Senator of the Department of Granada. In 1869, he became a member of the governing junta of

Nicaragua Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America aft ...

. He was elected president in 1871 for four years, and again joined the ruling junta in 1885. He was president of the Nicaraguan Congress 1869-1870, 1881-1882 and 1883. In both his public and private life, Don Pedro was considered progressive by some and an opportunist by many others, when conservative forces would keep "campesinos" without access to education,. He represented a faction of the Granada oligarchy and maintained strong conservative principles, which in Latin America meant the preservation of a feudal economic system, with an emphasis on trade. His influence would help form Nicaragua as a nation with the limitations of keeping the country and its economic resources under the control of a few families including the Chamorro and the few other families that still control Nicaragua economically today. He remained a political force in Nicaragua until his death on 7 June 1890.

References

* ''Recorrido Historico de las Principales Figuras de la Familia Chamorro'',

Emilio Alvarez Lejarza Emilio may refer to: * Emilio Navaira, a Mexican-American singer often called "Emilio" * Emilio (given name) * ''Emilio'' (film), a 2008 film by Kim Jorgensen See also * Emílio (disambiguation) * Emilios (disambiguation) Emilios, or Aimilios, (G ...

, Revista Consevadora del Pensamiento Centroamericano, Vol. XIX - No. 91 (Abril, 1968) * Revisando la Historia de Nicaragua - 2004 {{DEFAULTSORT:Chamorro Alfaro, Pedro Joaquin 1818 births 1890 deaths Presidents of Nicaragua Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Nicaragua) Pedro Joaquin Chamorro y Alfaro Conservative Party (Nicaragua) politicians 19th-century Nicaraguan people