Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro (29 June 1818 in

Granada Granada (,, DIN 31635, DIN: ; grc, Ἐλιβύργη, Elibýrgē; la, Illiberis or . ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the fo ...

– 7 June 1890 in

) was the

President of Nicaragua The president of Nicaragua ( es, Presidente de Nicaragua), officially known as the president of the Republic of Nicaragua ( es, Presidente de la República de Nicaragua), is the head of state and head of government of Nicaragua. The office was ...

from 1 March 1875 to 1 March 1879 and a member of the conservative dominant oligarchy

Chamorro Chamorro may refer to: * Chamorro people, the indigenous people of the Mariana Islands in the Western Pacific * Chamorro language, an Austronesian language indigenous to The Marianas * Chamorro Time Zone, the time zone of Guam and the Northern Mar ...

family.

Background

He was a son of Pedro José Chamorro Argüello and wife Josefa Margarita Alfaro Monterroso and paternal grandson of Fernando Chamorro Lacayo (d. 1785) and wife Bárbara Nicolasa Argüello del Castillo. His brothers were Dionisio Chamorro Alfaro and

Fernando Chamorro Alfaro Fernando Chamorro Alfaro (1824 – 21 July 1863) was a General and member of the governing junta of Nicaragua (1860–1863). Fernando Chamorro was a firm supporter of the Conservative Party, which was dominated during his youth by his half-brother ...

. Dionisio was married to Mercedes Oreamuno and had two sons, Salvador Chamorro Oreamuno and

Rosendo Chamorro Oreamuno Rosendo Chamorro Oreamuno was briefly President of Nicaragua in 1923. He received a doctorate from the University of Paris. In 1923, he was Minister of the Interior of Nicaragua. When President Diego Manuel Chamorro died, Rosendo Chamorro was de ...

, President of Nicaragua, the first of whom married Gregoria Vargas Báez and had

Emiliano Chamorro Vargas Emiliano Chamorro Vargas (11 May 1871 – 26 February 1966) was a Nicaraguan military figure and politician who served as President of Nicaragua from 1 January 1917 to 1 January 1921, and again as interim president from 14 March to 11 November 19 ...

, 55th and 59th President of Nicaragua. By Josefa Peréz ... his father had a natural son, born before his marriage, Fruto Chamorro Pérez, 30th and 31st President of Nicaragua. His great-grandfather was

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Cana ...

Nobleman Diego Chamorro de Sotomayor y Murga de Villavicencio, born in

Seville Seville (; es, Sevilla, ) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula ...

, who married no less than five times: to his great-grandmother Gregoria Lacayo de Briones y Pomar, Inés de Villa-Nueva y ..., Juana Fajardo y ..., Gertrudis de Pasos y ... and Rafaela Occonor y Salafranca, by whom he had a daughter Josefa Chamorro Occonor (1784 - 1843).

Career

At an early age, he left off studies to dedicate himself, together with his brother Dionisio, to the management of paternal inheritances under the guidance of their half-brother

Fruto Chamorro José Fruto Chamorro Pérez (20 October 1804 – 12 March 1855) was a Nicaraguan politician and military scientist who served as 10th Supreme Director of Nicaragua (April 1, 1853 – April 30, 1854) and 1st President of Nicaragua (April 30, 1854 � ...

. His first marriage was to N. Guadamuz; his second marriage was in 1854 with María de la Luz Bolaños Bendaña, born in 1828. They had three children: * Filadelfo Chamorro Bolaños, married to Bertha Benard Vivas, and had: ** Julio Chamorro Benard, married to Dolores "Lola" Coronel Urtecho, daughter of Manuel Coronel Matus and wife Blanca Urtecho Avilés and sister of

José Coronel Urtecho José Coronel Urtecho (28 February 1906 – 19 March 1994) was a Nicaraguan poet, translator, essayist, critic, narrator, playwright, diplomat and historian. He has been described as "the most influential Nicaraguan thinker of the twentieth centu ...

, and had: *** Edgar Chamorro Coronel, Chief of the

Contras The Contras were the various U.S.-backed and funded right-wing rebel groups that were active from 1979 to 1990 in opposition to the Marxist Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction Government in Nicaragua, which came to power in 1979 fol ...

*** Other six sons and four daughters * Diego Manuel Chamorro Bolaños, 56th President of Nicaragua * Pedro Joaquin Chamorro Bolaños, married to his cousin Ana María Zelaya Bolaños, and had: ** Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Zelaya, married to Margarita Cardenal Argüello, daughter of Julio Cardenal Argüello and wife and cousin Adela Argüello Cervantes and maternal granddaughter of José María Argüello Peñalba and wife María Cervantes Montalván, and had: ***

Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal (23 September 1924 – 10 January 1978) was a Nicaraguan journalist and publisher. He was the editor of ''La Prensa'', the only significant opposition newspaper to the long rule of the Somoza family. He is a 19 ...

*** Ana María Chamorro Cardenal, married to Carlos Holmann Thompson, and had: **** ''Eduardo Holmann Chamorro'' **** ''Verónica Holmann Chamorro'' **** ''Hugo Holmann Chamorro'' **** ''Ana Carolina Holmann Chamorro'' **** ''Bruno Holmann Chamorro'' **** ''Ericka Holmann Chamorro'' **** ''Juan Lorenzo Holmann Chamorro'' *** Ligia Chamorro y Cardenal ****Ximena Barreto ****Samuel Barreto ****Leonardo Barreto ****Juan Diego Barreto ****Dominica Barreto ****Paola Barreto *** Jaime Chamorro y Cardenal ***

Xavier Chamorro Cardenal Xavier Chamorro Cardenal (31 December 1932 – 4 January 2008)Source: articl''Fallece Xavier Chamorro Cardenal''from EFE agency, on ''El Nuevo Diarios Website.Granada Granada (,, DIN 31635, DIN: ; grc, Ἐλιβύργη, Elibýrgē; la, Illiberis or . ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the fo ...

and in 1854, he participated in the defense of the city, besieged by

Máximo Jerez Máximo Jerez Tellería (8 June 1818 in León, Nicaragua – 12 August 1881 in Washington, D.C., USA) was a 19th-century Nicaraguan politician, lawyer and military leader. He is considered to be one of the greatest Liberal political thinkers ...

. He also contributed to the struggle to expel William Walker, the American filibuster. In 1862 he dedicated himself to politics as Senator of the Department of Granada. In 1869, he became a member of the governing

junta Junta may refer to: Government and military * Junta (governing body) (from Spanish), the name of various historical and current governments and governing institutions, including civil ones ** Military junta, one form of junta, government led by ...

Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the cou ...

. He was elected president in 1871 for four years, and again joined the ruling junta in 1885. In both his public and private life, Don Pedro was considered progressive by some and an opportunist by many others, when conservative forces would keep "campesinos" without access to education,. He represented a faction of the Granada oligarchy and maintained strong conservative principles, which in Latin America meant the preservation of a feudal economic system, with an emphasis on trade. His influence would help form Nicaragua as a nation with the limitations of keeping the country and its economic resources under the control of a few families including the Chamorro and the few other families that still control Nicaragua economically today. He remained a political force in Nicaragua until his death on 7 June 1890.

References

* ''Recorrido Historico de las Principales Figuras de la Familia Chamorro'',

Emilio Alvarez Lejarza Emilio may refer to: * Emilio Navaira, a Mexican-American singer often called "Emilio" * Emilio Piazza Memorial School, in Port Harcourt, Rivers State * Emilio (given name) * ''Emilio'' (film), a 2008 film by Kim Jorgensen See also * Emílio (dis ...

, Revista Consevadora del Pensamiento Centroamericano, Vol. XIX - No. 91 (Abril, 1968) * Revisando la Historia de Nicaragua - 2004 {{DEFAULTSORT:Chamorro Alfaro, Pedro Joaquin 1818 births 1890 deaths Presidents of Nicaragua Pedro Joaquin Chamorro y Alfaro Conservative Party (Nicaragua) politicians 19th-century Nicaraguan people