Pedro Garfias Zurita (May 27, 1901 – August 9, 1967) was a Spanish

poet A poet is a person who studies and creates poetry. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be the creator ( thinker, songwriter, writer, or author) who creates (composes) poems ( oral or wri ...

. Garfias was born in

Salamanca Salamanca () is a city in western Spain and is the capital of the Province of Salamanca in the autonomous community of Castile and León. The city lies on several rolling hills by the Tormes River. Its Old City was declared a UNESCO World Herit ...

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

, but spent his childhood and youth in the Andalusian cities of

Seville Seville (; es, Sevilla, ) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula ...

and Córdoba. In 1918 he moved to Madrid in order to study Law at University; however, he did not finish these studies. That year, Pedro Garfias, along with the young poets Guillermo de Torre, César A. Comet and José Rivas Panedas wrote the first ''Manifiesto Ultraísta'' (Ultraist Manifesto). In the 1920s, along with other poets, he founded the poetry magazines ''Horizonte'' and ''Tableros''. PoesiasGuerraEspañola

Pedro Garfias was one of the Spanish poets of the

Generation of 1927 The Generation of '27 ( es, Generación del 27) was an influential group of poets that arose in Spanish literary circles between 1923 and 1927, essentially out of a shared desire to experience and work with avant-garde forms of art and poetry. ...

who was more enthusiastic regarding all the avant-garde movements, as

Ultraism The Ultraist movement () was a literary movement born in Spain in 1918, with the declared intention of opposing Modernismo, which had dominated Spanish poetry since the end of the 19th century. The movement was launched in the tertulias of Madr ...

. His first book, ''El Ala del Sur'' (Southern Wing, though can be translated as Southern Side) was published in Seville in 1926. He joined the

Partido Comunista de España The Communist Party of Spain ( es, Partido Comunista de España; PCE) is a Marxist-Leninist party that, since 1986, has been part of the United Left coalition, which is part of Unidas Podemos. It currently has two of its politicians serving as ...

(Spanish Communist Party) when the

Spanish Second Republic The Spanish Republic (), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (), was the form of government in Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, after the deposition of King Alfonso XIII, and was dissolved on 1 A ...

arrived. In 1938, when the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, link ...

was already in its second year, he was given the National Award of Literature for ''Poesías de la Guerra Civil Española''. One of his more popular poems is ''Asturias'', that was made into a song by the Spanish singer

Víctor Manuel Víctor Manuel San José Sánchez (born July 7, 1947) is a Spanish singer-songwriter. He has been married to the Spanish singer and actress Ana Belén since 1972. He and his wife are considered symbols of the Spanish Transition, and his songs ...

. He was forced into exile during the

, along with other artists, writers, and intellectuals. Garfias died in

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

in 1967. A bronze monument stands in his honor in Guadalajara,

Published works

*''El Ala del Sur'' (roughly: "Southern Wing", 1926) *''Poesías de la Guerra Civil Española'' ("Poetry of the Spanish Civil War", 1938) *''Primavera en Eaton Hasting'' ("Spring in Eaton Hasting", 1939)

References

*Guadalajara government web site "Puntos de Intere

(Scroll to "Chapultapec Avenue" for monument location)
Encyclopædia Britannica
1901 births 1967 deaths People from Salamanca Communist Party of Spain politicians Spanish male poets 20th-century Spanish poets 20th-century male writers Writers from Castile and León Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction) Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Mexico {{Spain-writer-stub