Pedro Luziense de Bittencourt Calasans (January 29, 1837 – February 24, 1874) was a Brazilian poet, playwright and journalist, adept of the "

Ultra-Romanticism Ultra-Romanticism ( pt, Ultrarromantismo) was a Portuguese and Brazilian literary movement that took place during the second half of the 19th. Aesthetically similar to (but not exactly the same as) the German- and British-originated Dark Romanticis ...

" movement.

Life

Calasans was born in the city of Santa Luzia do Itanhy, in the Brazilian State of

Sergipe Sergipe (), officially State of Sergipe, is a state of Brazil. Located in the Northeast Region along the Atlantic coast of the country, Sergipe is the smallest state in Brazil by geographical area at , larger only than the Federal District. Serg ...

, to Lieutenant Colonel João José de Bittencourt Calasans (who would be the governor of Sergipe later) and Luísa Carolina Amélia de Calasans. He initiated his studies at the Liceu São Cristóvão, finishing them in

Recife That it may shine on all ( Matthew 5:15) , image_map = Brazil Pernambuco Recife location map.svg , mapsize = 250px , map_caption = Location in the state of Pernambuco , pushpin_map = Brazil#South A ...

Pernambuco Pernambuco () is a States of Brazil, state of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast region of the country. With an estimated population of 9.6 million people as of 2020, making it List of Brazilian states by population, sev ...

. At 16 years of age, he published his first poetry book, ''Adeus!''. In 1855, he entered the Faculdade de Direito do Recife, published another poetry book (''Páginas Soltas'') and started to collaborate with some newspapers. Graduating in 1859, he returned to Sergipe, to the city of Estância, where he married a wealthy lady; however, they divorced some years later. Moving to

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...

in 1861, he became a deputy from 1861 to 1864, dedicating himself solely to

journalism Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on the interaction of events, facts, ideas, and people that are the " news of the day" and that informs society to at least some degree. The word, a noun, applies to the occupation (pro ...

and advocacy. In 1864, he traveled to

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...

, where he wrote three more books: ''Ofenísia'' (while in

Brussels Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...

), ''Uma Cena de Nossos Dias'', and ''Wiesbade'' (both while in

Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as ...

). Returning to Brazil in 1867, he became a judge in the city of

Caçapava Caçapava is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. Is between São José dos Campos 24 km and Taubaté 19 km. The distance from Caçapava to S� ...

, publishing four more books: ''A Campa e a Rosa'' (in which he translated many poems by

Victor Hugo Victor-Marie Hugo (; 26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French Romantic writer and politician. During a literary career that spanned more than sixty years, he wrote in a variety of genres and forms. He is considered to be one of the great ...

), ''A Morte de Uma Virgem'', ''Qual Delas?'' and ''A Rosa e o Sol''. He became a provincial deputy in Rio Grande do Sul, later transferring himself to

Jeremoabo Jeremoabo is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil. The municipality contains part of the Raso da Catarina ecoregion. The municipality contains the Cocorobó Area of Relevant Ecological Interest, created in 1 ...

(

Bahia Bahia ( , , ; meaning "bay") is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region of the country. It is the fourth-largest Brazilian state by population (after São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro) and the 5th-largest b ...

) due to health problems. His health problems eventually evolved into

tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, i ...

, and, in unsuccessful attempts to mitigate the disease, Calasans traveled to

Ilhéus Ilhéus () is a major city located in the southern coastal region of Bahia, Brazil, 211 km south of Salvador, the state's capital. The city was founded in 1534 as Vila de São Jorge dos Ilhéus and is known as one of the most important touris ...

(

Serro Serro is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais. The city belongs to the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte and to the microregion of Conceição do Mato Dentro. As of 2020, the estimated population was 20,940. In col ...

and

Diamantina Diamantina may refer to: Geography Australia * Diamantina Bowen (1833-1893), ''grande dame'' of Queensland and the wife of Sir George Bowen, the first Governor of Queensland. * ''Diamantina Cocktail'', 1976 album by Little River Band * Diam ...

(both in

Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is a state in Southeastern Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte (literally ...

). In a final attempt, Calasans embarked to Madeira, but died on ship before arriving at his destination.

Works

Poetry

* ''Adeus!'' (

1853 Events January–March * January 6 – Florida Governor Thomas Brown signs legislation that provides public support for the new East Florida Seminary, leading to the establishment of the University of Florida. * January 8 – Taiping R ...

) * ''Páginas Soltas'' (

1855 Events January–March * January 1 – Ottawa, Ontario, is incorporated as a city. * January 5 – Ramón Castilla begins his third term as President of Peru. * January 23 ** The first bridge over the Mississippi River open ...

) * ''Últimas Páginas'' (

1858 Events January–March * January – ** Benito Juárez (1806–1872) becomes Liberal President of Mexico. At the same time, conservatives install Félix María Zuloaga (1813–1898) as president. ** William I of Prussia becomes regen ...

) * ''Ofenísia'' ( 1864) * ''Wiesbade'' ( 1864) * ''A Morte de Uma Virgem'' (

1867 Events January–March * January 1 – The Covington–Cincinnati Suspension Bridge opens between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky, in the United States, becoming the longest single-span bridge in the world. It was renamed a ...

) * ''A Rosa e o Sol'' (

) * ''Qual Delas?'' (

) * ''A Campa e a Rosa'' (

) * ''Brazilina'' (

1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the ...

) * ''Camerino: Episódio da Guerra do Paraguai'' (

1875 Events January–March * January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of the ...

— posthumous) * ''As Flores de Laranjeira'' (

1881 Events January–March * January 1– 24 – Siege of Geok Tepe: Russian troops under General Mikhail Skobelev defeat the Turkomans. * January 13 – War of the Pacific – Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos: The ...

— posthumous) * ''Waterloo'' (

1900 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15), 2 ...

— posthumous) * ''A Cascata de Paulafonso'' (

1906 Events January–February * January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar to grant a constitution, ...

— posthumous)

Critics

* ''Traços Ligeiros Sobre o Casamento Civil'' (

1859 Events January–March * January 21 – José Mariano Salas (1797–1867) becomes Conservative interim President of Mexico. * January 24 ( O. S.) – Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexandru Ioan Cuza (Romania since 1866, final ...

) * ''A Demagogia Entre Nós'' (

1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first stea ...

)

Theatre

* ''Uma Cena de Nossos Dias'' ( 1864)

External links

A poem by Pedro de Calasans

A profile of Calasans and other writers from Sergipe

Works by Calasans at the official site of the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
{{DEFAULTSORT:Calasans, Pedro De 1837 births 1874 deaths Brazilian male poets Brazilian journalists Romantic poets Portuguese-language writers People from Sergipe 19th-century deaths from tuberculosis 19th-century journalists Male journalists 19th-century Brazilian poets 19th-century Brazilian dramatists and playwrights Brazilian male dramatists and playwrights 19th-century Brazilian male writers Tuberculosis deaths in Portugal