Pazzano ( Calabrian: ) is a village and ''

comune The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces (''province''). The can also ...

'' located in

Locride Locride is an area of Calabria, Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coin ...

's region in the

province of Reggio Calabria The Province of Reggio Calabria ( it, Provincia di Reggio Calabria) was a province in the Calabria region of Italy. It was the southernmost province in mainland Italy and is separated from the island of Sicily by the Strait of Messina. The capita ...

( Calabria, southern

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

History

The first known mention of Pazzano dates to a 1094 document. The town was founded as a minerary center for the exploitation of

iron Iron () is a chemical element with Symbol (chemistry), symbol Fe (from la, Wikt:ferrum, ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 element, group 8 of the periodic table. It is, Abundanc ...

(by

pyrite The mineral pyrite (), or iron pyrite, also known as fool's gold, is an iron sulfide with the chemical formula Fe S2 (iron (II) disulfide). Pyrite is the most abundant sulfide mineral. Pyrite's metallic luster and pale brass-yellow hue giv ...

and limonite) and molybdenum (the latter in caves of Monte Stella and

Monte Consolino Monte Consolino is a mountain in the Serre Calabresi range, in the Vallata dello Stilaro of south-western Calabria, in southern Italy. Monte Consolino has an altitude of . At the foot of Monte Consolino feet is the town of Stilo. The town of P ...

) deposits. During the period of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, its 25 mines made Pazzano the most important mining centre in all of southern Italy. The minerals were processed at Reali ferriere ed Officine di Mongiana in Mongiana. Pazzano became a ''

''in 1811. Minerary activities lasted until the 20th century. During the 1950s, the inhabitants began to emigrate to northern Italy, and Pazzano's population drastically reduced. At Sydney,( Australia), since the 1950s the emigrants of Pazzano created a little Community in Brookvale (nicknamed ''Pazzaniedu'') and at

Narraweena Narraweena is a suburb of northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Narraweena is 18 kilometres north-east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Northern Beaches Council and is part ...

, every year take place the Santo Salvatore's fiest. There is also a little community at Aliquippa in

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

(USA). By the 1980s the

ecomuseum An ecomuseum is a museum focused on the identity of a place, largely based on local participation and aiming to enhance the welfare and development of local community, local communities. Ecomuseums originated in France, the concept being develope ...

Ecomuseo delle ferriere e fonderie di Calabria The Ecomuseo delle ferriere e fonderie di Calabria (Ecomuseum of the iron-works and iron-foundries of Calabria) is an ecomuseum in Bivongi, Calabria, southern Italy. The project was founded in 1982 by the ''Associazione Calabrese Archeologia In ...

(Ecomuseum of iron-foundry and foundry of Calabria) was to preserve and remember the

industrial archaeology Industrial archaeology (IA) is the systematic study of material evidence associated with the industrial past. This evidence, collectively referred to as industrial heritage, includes buildings, machinery, artifacts, sites, infrastructure, docu ...

of the town.

Main sights

* ''Chiesa di Santa Maria Assunta in Cielo'' (Santa Maria's church) * '' Santuario di Monte Stella'' (Monte Stella's Sanctuary) * The 25 old iron mines of Borbonic period, now closed: *Principe Ereditario (Settecento) *Carolina (Settecento) *S. Ferdinando (Settecento) *Regina *Noceto *Scolo *Galleria Italia *Galleria Piave *Galleria Acqua Calda *Contrì *San Giuseppe *R. Principe *Colle di Banno *Lucarello *S. Maria *Perrone *Gotto *perronello *Clementina *Clementina II *San Carlo *San Nicola *Campoli *Garibaldi *San Luigi *Grotta Nuova *Provvisoria *Regina ribasso *Melichicchi *Umberto I * ''Fontana Vecchia'' or ''Fontana dei minatori'' (Old Fountain or Miner's Fountain)

People

* Giuseppe Coniglio (December 2, 1922 – March 13, 2006), poet. He wrote ''Calabria contadina'' (poetry, 1973), ''Quattru chjacchjari e ddui arrisi'' (poetry, 1984), '' A terra mia'' (poetry, 1998) and ''Marcu e Filomena'' (theatrical comedy)

Economy

In the past Pazzano had an industrial activity related with Reali Ferriere di Mongiana, people who worked in the field in spring and summer period on winter worked in the iron mines. The subsistence agriculture produced olive oil, wine, grain, cheese, vegetables like eggplants, tomatoes, chicory, zucchini, beans, chickpeas, fruit like oranges, figs, and pears. There were also limestone quarries, hydraulic mills, and a homemade of dress production. The 1960s was also the period when emigration to Italian northern cities and year by year numerous economical activities closed. The economy of Pazzano now is largely based on agriculture: olive oil production, fruit harvesting, and religious tourism. In the early 21st century, there have been some attempts in

Vallata dello Stilaro The Vallata dello Stilaro is a valley in the Province of Reggio Calabria of Southern Italy. It takes its name from river that flow in the area, the Stilaro. The principal settlements present in the valley are Bivongi, Monasterace, Pazzano a ...

and Serre calabresi to increase natural tourism with the creation of the near Parco naturale regionale delle Serre (Serre's park) and archaeological industrial tourism with the ecomuseum creation of

and the building of Museo della cultura mineraria (mine culture museum) in Pazzano.

Transportation

Pazzano is located on the SS 110 state road, from the coastal town of

Monasterace Monasterace ( scn, label= Calabrian Greek, Monaseraci; ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about south of Catanzaro and about northeast of Reggio Calabria. The ruins of the ...

Marina. There is a bus service, Federico, that links Pazzano with Reggio Calabria and several other towns including

Stilo , image_skyline = Stilo vecchio 2.jpg , imagesize = , image_alt = , image_caption = , image_shield = Stilo-Stemma.png , shield_alt = , image_map = , map_alt = , m ...

, Caulonia,

Gioiosa Ionica Gioiosa Ionica ( Calabrian: ) is a town and ''comune'' in Italy in the province of Reggio Calabria The Province of Reggio Calabria ( it, Provincia di Reggio Calabria) was a province in the Calabria region of Italy. It was the southernmost province ...

and

Locri Locri is a town and ''comune'' (municipality) in the province of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, southern Italy. Its name derives from that of the ancient Greek region of Locris. Today it is an important administrative and cultural centre on the Ion ...

. The nearest railway station is Monasterace Marina (15 km).

Food

Pazzano's food is typical of Calabria, and includes: *''Pasta e casa'' (Home made pasta). *

Ragù In Italian cuisine, ragù () is a meat-based sauce that is commonly served with pasta. An Italian gastronomic society, Accademia Italiana della Cucina, documented several ragù recipes. The recipes' common characteristics are the presence of mea ...

cooked with goat meat. *

Tripe Tripe is a type of edible lining from the stomachs of various farm animals. Most tripe is from cattle, pigs and sheep. Types of tripe Beef tripe Beef tripe is made from the muscle wall (the interior mucosal lining is removed) of a cow's st ...

('trippa') and potatoes *Melanzane ('malangiani') ripiene (stuffed aubergine/egg-plant) *' Pipi Chini' (stuffed capsicum) * Zippuli *''Pitta di San Martino'', San Martino's day (11 November) typical sweet *'' cuzzupe'',

Easter Easter,Traditional names for the feast in English are "Easter Day", as in the '' Book of Common Prayer''; "Easter Sunday", used by James Ussher''The Whole Works of the Most Rev. James Ussher, Volume 4'') and Samuel Pepys''The Diary of Samuel ...

typical sweet

References

External links

New site of Comune di Pazzano (2006)

Comunità montana Stilaro AllaroDialetto - 'u tripu da cona' on YouTube''Cunfrunti''1 (Feast of Saint Salvatore)on YouTube''Cunfrunti''2 (Feast of Saint Salvatore)on YouTubePazzanese proverb - YouTube
{{Authority control Cities and towns in Calabria Vallata dello Stilaro Articles containing video clips