The Paxillosida are a large
order
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood
* Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...
of
sea stars.
Characteristics
Paxillosida adults lack an anus and have no suckers on their tube feet. They do not develop the
brachiolaria
A brachiolaria is the second stage of larval development in many starfishes. It follows the bipinnaria. Brachiolaria have bilateral symmetry, unlike the adult starfish, which have a pentaradial symmetry. Starfish of the order Paxillosida (''Astrope ...
stage in their early development.
[Matsubara, M., Komatsu, M., Araki, T., Asakawa, S., Yokobori, S.-I., Watanabe, K. & Wada, H. (2005) The phylogenetic status of Paxillosida (Asteroidea) based on complete mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Genetics and Evolution, 36, 598–605] They possess marginal plates, and have sessile
pedicellariae. They mostly inhabit soft-bottomed environments of sand or mud.
Systematics
Recent analyses suggest Paxillosida may be a sister taxon of
Asterina.
The order is divided into these families:
MarineSpecies.org - Paxillosida Perrier, 1884
/ref>
* family Astropectinidae
The Astropectinidae are a family of sea stars in the order Paxillosida. Usually, these starfish live on the seabed and immerse themselves in soft sediment such as sand and mud.
They are not to be confused with species in the genus '' Archaster'' ...
Gray, 1840
* family Ctenodiscidae
Ctenodiscidae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Paxillosida
The Paxillosida are a large order of sea stars.
Characteristics
Paxillosida adults lack an anus and have no suckers on their tube feet. They do not develop the brach ...
Sladen, 1889
* family Goniopectinidae
Goniopectinidae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Paxillosida
The Paxillosida are a large order (biology), order of sea stars.
Characteristics
Paxillosida adults lack an anus and have no suckers on their tube feet. They do not ...
Verrill, 1889
* family Luidiidae
''Luidia'' is a genus of starfish in the family Luidiidae in which it is the only genus. Species of the family have a cosmopolitan distribution.
Characteristics
Members of the genus are characterised by having long arms with pointed tips frin ...
Sladen, 1889
* family Porcellanasteridae
The Porcellanasteridae are a family of sea stars in the order Paxillosida. These sea stars are found at abyssal depths. The World Asteroidea Database includes these genera
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological cl ...
Sladen, 1883
* family Pseudarchasteridae
Pseudarchasteridae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Paxillosida
The Paxillosida are a large order (biology), order of sea stars.
Characteristics
Paxillosida adults lack an anus and have no suckers on their tube feet. They do ...
* family Radiasteridae
Radiasteridae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Paxillosida
The Paxillosida are a large order (biology), order of sea stars.
Characteristics
Paxillosida adults lack an anus and have no suckers on their tube feet. They do not d ...
Fisher, 1916
File:Astropecten aranciacus Sardegna09 28cm 5520.jpg, ''Astropecten aranciacus
''Astropecten aranciacus'', the red comb star, is a sea star of the family Astropectinidae. It is native to the east Atlantic Ocean (Portugal to Angola) and Mediterranean Sea.
Habitat and behaviour
''Astropecten aranciacus'' lives very near the ...
''
File:Purple and Orange Starfish on the Beach (2884079538).jpg, ''Astropecten articulatus
The ''Astropecten articulatus'', more commonly known as the Royal Starfish, is a West Atlantic sea star of the family Astropectinidae.
Description
The Royal Starfish is characterized by its bold colors. It has a purple granulated disk, whic ...
''
File:Astropecten bispinosus Sardegna06 3284.jpg, '' Astropecten bispinosus''
File:Astropecten irregularis pentacanthus Sardegna09 17cm 5962.jpg, ''Astropecten irregularis
''Astropecten irregularis'' is a sea star of the family Astropectinidae. Common names include Sand sea star (A. i. pontoporeus).Jones, Georgina. ''A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula.'' SURG, Cape Town, 2008.
Habitat and ...
''
File:Astropecten jonstoni Naxos08 1832 640x480 dpi90.jpg, ''Astropecten jonstoni
''Astropecten jonstoni'' is a sea star of the family Astropectinidae.
Habitat and behaviour
Starfishes of genus Astropecten live on mobile seabed (sandy, muddy or gravel seabed) and they remain largely buried under sediment during the day. Duri ...
''
File:Astropecten platyacanthus Sardegna09 e cm09 5503.jpg, ''Astropecten platyacanthus
''Astropecten platyacanthus'' is a sea star of the family Astropectinidae.
Habitat and behaviour
Starfishes of genus Astropecten live on mobile seabed (sandy, muddy or gravel seabed) and they remain largely buried under sediment during the day. ...
''
File:Starfish.Egypt.JPG, ''Luidia ciliaris
''Luidia ciliaris'', the seven-armed sea star, is a species of sea star (starfish) in the family Luidiidae. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Description
''L. ciliaris'' is an orangeish-brown colour and has s ...
''
File:Nine-armed Sea Star (Luidia senegalensis) (4338628827).jpg, ''Luidia senegalensis
''Luidia senegalensis'', the nine-armed sea star, is a tropical species of starfish in the family Luidiidae found in the western Atlantic Ocean.
Description
The nine-armed sea star has long, slim tapering arms attached to a small circular cent ...
''
File:Luidia australiae.jpg, ''Luidia australiae
''Luidia australiae'', the southern sand star, is a species of starfish in the family Luidiidae. It is found in the Pacific Ocean around Australia and New Zealand.
Description
''Luidia australiae'' has a variable number of long, slim, tapering ...
''
References
{{Asteroidea-stub