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Paolino Veneto ( – 22 June 1344) was an Italian
Franciscan
The Franciscans are a group of related Mendicant orders, mendicant Christianity, Christian Catholic religious order, religious orders within the Catholic Church. Founded in 1209 by Italian Catholic friar Francis of Assisi, these orders include t ...
inquisitor, diplomat and historian. He served as an ambassador for the
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ...
and the
Papacy
The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...
. From 1324 until his death, he was the
bishop of Pozzuoli
The Diocese of Pozzuoli ( la, Dioecesis Puteolana) is a Roman Catholic bishopric in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Naples,[Robert of Naples
Robert of Anjou ( it, Roberto d'Angiò), known as Robert the Wise ( it, Roberto il Saggio; 1276 – 20 January 1343), was King of Naples, titular King of Jerusalem and Count of Provence and Forcalquier from 1309 to 1343, the central figure of Ita ...]
. He wrote three
universal chronicle
A universal history is a work aiming at the presentation of a history of all of mankind as a whole, coherent unit. A universal chronicle or world chronicle typically traces history from the beginning of written information about the past up to t ...
s in
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
–the ''Epithoma'', ''Compendium'' and ''Satirica''–and a
mirror for princes
Mirrors for princes ( la, specula principum) or mirrors of princes, are an educational literary genre, in a loose sense of the word, of politics, political writings during the Early Middle Ages, the High Middle Ages, the late middle ages and the Re ...
in
Venetian
Venetian often means from or related to:
* Venice, a city in Italy
* Veneto, a region of Italy
* Republic of Venice (697–1797), a historical nation in that area
Venetian and the like may also refer to:
* Venetian language, a Romance language s ...
.
Life
Paolino was born between 1270 and 1274. Nothing is known of his family background. He may have been born in
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...
, as his surname implies, but it is possible that he acquired the name by joining the Franciscan convent of
Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari
The Basilica di Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, usually just called the Frari, is a church located in the Campo dei Frari at the heart of the San Polo district of Venice, Italy. The largest church in the city, it has the status of a minor basil ...
in Venice. He is first recorded in the ''Liber contractuum'' of the Franciscans of
Padua
Padua ( ; it, Padova ; vec, Pàdova) is a city and ''comune'' in Veneto, northern Italy. Padua is on the river Bacchiglione, west of Venice. It is the capital of the province of Padua. It is also the economic and communications hub of the ...
as a student in their ''studium'' on 12 December 1293.
Lecturer and inquisitor
In 1301, Paolino was a lecturer in theology at Venice. He was present on 30 November when the
inquisitor
An inquisitor was an official (usually with judicial or investigative functions) in an inquisition – an organization or program intended to eliminate heresy and other things contrary to the doctrine or teachings of the Catholic faith. Literal ...
Antonio da Padova confronted Doge
Pietro Gradenigo
Pietro Gradenigo (1251 – 13 August 1311) was the 49th Doge of Venice, reigning from 1289 to his death.
When he was elected Doge, he was serving as the podestà of Capodistria in Istria. Venice suffered a serious blow with the fall of Acre, ...
over the introduction of the
inquisition
The Inquisition was a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy, conducting trials of suspected heretics. Studies of the records have found that the overwhelming majority of sentences consisted of penances, ...
into Venice. On 12 August 1302, in his capacity as guardian of Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, he was ordered by the
papal legate
300px, A woodcut showing Henry II of England greeting the pope's legate.
A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title ''legatus'') is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic ...
Guy de Neuville to hand over the money which the inquisitor
Alessandro Novello Alessandro Novello ( – February 1320) was the Franciscan bishop of Feltre and Belluno from 1298 until his death.
Novello was born at Treviso in the early 1250s. His brother Prosapio Novello was the bishop of Treviso from 1279. Alessandro entered ...
had given to the convent. By 1304 he was a ''
custos {{Wiktionary, custos
''Custos'' is the Latin word for guard.
Titles
* Custos rotulorum ("keeper of the rolls"), a civic post in parts of the United Kingdom and in Jamaica
* Custos (Franciscans), a religious superior or official in the Fran ...
'' in the Franciscan province of Venice. On 5 October, he was present in the in Treviso to witness the agreement ending the
Salt War between Padua and Venice.
Between 1305 and 1308, Paolino was an inquisitor in the
March of Treviso
The March of Treviso ( la, Marca trevisana, it, Marca trevigiana or ) was a medieval territory in Venetia, between the Garda and the Julian March. The territory corresponded roughly to the region around the city of Treviso, including Belluno, F ...
. In 1307–1308, he was investigated by the canonist
Giovanni d'Andrea
Giovanni d'Andrea or Johannes Andreæ (1270 1275 – 1348) was an Italian expert in canon law, the most renowned and successful canonist of the later Middle Ages. His contemporaries referred to him as ''iuris canonici fons et ...
and the legate Guillaume de Balait after he was accused by Ainardo da Ceneda of accepting bribes. He allegedly spent the money on parchment and books. By March 1308, he was again lecturing in Venice. On 24 October, Guillaume de Balait authorized Bishop
Pagano della Torre
Pagano della Torre (died 30 July 1365) was Patriarch of Aquileia from 1319 until 1332. Another with the same name, Pagano I della Torre, was a Guelph military leader and lord of the Valchiavenna during the first half of the 13th century (died 125 ...
to release Paolino from his
excommunication
Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to end or at least regulate the communion of a member of a congregation with other members of the religious institution who are in normal communion with each other. The purpose ...
if he repaid 300
gold florin
The Florentine florin was a gold coin struck from 1252 to 1533 with no significant change in its design or metal content standard during that time. It had 54 grains (3.499 grams, 0.113 troy ounce) of nominally pure or 'fine' gold with a purcha ...
s by Christmas.
Diplomat
Paolino is not mentioned in any source for the next seven years. On 22 September 1315, he is listed as a citizen of the
commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to:
Administrative-territorial entities
* Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township
** Communes of ...
of Treviso. In 1315–1316 and 1320, he was the diplomatic representative of the
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ...
to the court of King
Robert of Naples
Robert of Anjou ( it, Roberto d'Angiò), known as Robert the Wise ( it, Roberto il Saggio; 1276 – 20 January 1343), was King of Naples, titular King of Jerusalem and Count of Provence and Forcalquier from 1309 to 1343, the central figure of Ita ...
. The first mission, coming while Venice was under interdict for its part in the , resulted in a treaty between Venice and Naples. It was Paolino's first visit to
Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
. The second mission took him to
Provence
Provence (, , , , ; oc, Provença or ''Prouvènço'' , ) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the Italian border to the east; it is bor ...
, where Robert was staying. He secured compensation for damages inflicted on a Ventian ship by
Genoese pirates, Genoa being under Robert's rule at the time.
Around 1321, Paolino was named to the
Apostolic Penitentiary
The Apostolic Penitentiary (), formerly called the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Penitentiary, is a dicastery of the Roman Curia and is one of the three ordinary tribunals of the Apostolic See. The Apostolic Penitentiary is chiefly a tribu ...
, then at
Avignon
Avignon (, ; ; oc, Avinhon, label=Provençal dialect, Provençal or , ; la, Avenio) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Vaucluse Departments of France, department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region of So ...
in Provence. He was also made a
papal chaplain
The papal household or pontifical household (usually not capitalized in the media and other nonofficial use, ), called until 1968 the Papal Court (''Aula Pontificia''), consists of dignitaries who assist the pope in carrying out particular ceremoni ...
. On 24 September 1321, Paolino was charged by Pope
John XXII
Pope John XXII ( la, Ioannes PP. XXII; 1244 – 4 December 1334), born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse), was head of the Catholic Church from 7 August 1316 to his death in December 1334.
He was the second and longest-reigning Avignon Pope, elected by ...
with examining the ''
Liber secretorum fidelium crucis'', a treatise on a new crusade submitted by
Marino Sanudo Torsello
Marino Sanuto (or Sanudo) Torsello (c. 1270–1343) was a Venetian statesman and geographer. He is best known for his lifelong attempts to revive the crusading spirit and movement; with this objective he wrote his '' Liber Secretorum Fidelium Cr ...
. Paolino and three others examined the work in Paolino's house in Avignon. From 1322 to 1326, Paolino served as the papal ambassador to Venice. In this capacity, he also dealt with the
Visconti of Milan
The Visconti of Milan are a noble Italian family. They rose to power in Milan during the Middle Ages where they ruled from 1277 to 1447, initially as Lords then as Dukes, and several collateral branches still exist. The effective founder of the ...
, the
Este of Ferrara and the city of
Fano
Fano is a town and ''comune'' of the province of Pesaro and Urbino in the Marche region of Italy. It is a beach resort southeast of Pesaro, located where the ''Via Flaminia'' reaches the Adriatic Sea. It is the third city in the region by popula ...
, which were all under Venetian protection and papal interdict at the time. His first mission was to end hostilities between Venice and
Rimini
Rimini ( , ; rgn, Rémin; la, Ariminum) is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. It sprawls along the Adriatic Sea, on the coast between the rivers Marecchia (the ancient ''Ariminu ...
. His second was to Ferrara, which was then in revolt against the
papal rule.
Bishop
In 1324, Paolino was elected bishop of Pozzuoli in the
Kingdom of Naples
The Kingdom of Naples ( la, Regnum Neapolitanum; it, Regno di Napoli; nap, Regno 'e Napule), also known as the Kingdom of Sicily, was a state that ruled the part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816. It was ...
, possibly through intervention of the king. He was consecrated by Cardinal
Bertrand de la Tour
Bertrand de la Tour (c. 1262–1332), also known as Bertrand de Turre, was a French Franciscan theologian and Cardinal.
De la Tour was born in Camboulit in the old province of Quercy, France. Serving as a provincial minister in Aquitaine from 13 ...
. He did not arrive in
Pozzuoli
Pozzuoli (; ; ) is a city and ''comune'' of the Metropolitan City of Naples, in the Italian region of Campania. It is the main city of the Phlegrean Peninsula.
History
Pozzuoli began as the Greek colony of ''Dicaearchia'' ( el, Δικα ...
until 1326, after his last diplomatic mission to Venice. From 1328 until his death, he served as an important advisor on the royal council. There is relatively little information on his activities as bishop. Several letters he received from Marino Sanudo survive from this time. It was also during this period that he met
Giovanni Boccaccio
Giovanni Boccaccio (, , ; 16 June 1313 – 21 December 1375) was an Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist. Born in the town of Certaldo, he became so well known as a writer that he was somet ...
in Naples. He exerted and important influence on the Florentine's "intellectual development and his exposure to the non-Christian world."
Paolino divided his time as bishop between Pozzuoli and the royal court in Naples. He died at Pozzuoli in 1344. The date of death is not known, but it took place before 22 June, the date of a papal inventory of his belongings. In accordance with the papal
right of spoil, some of his books made their way to the
Papal Library
The Vatican Apostolic Library ( la, Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, it, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana), more commonly known as the Vatican Library or informally as the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City. Formally es ...
in Avignon.
Works
''Trattato de regimine rectoris''
Paolino's earliest work is ''Trattato de regimine rectoris'' ('treatise on the conduct of a lord').
[; .] It is a treatise on government of the
mirror for princes
Mirrors for princes ( la, specula principum) or mirrors of princes, are an educational literary genre, in a loose sense of the word, of politics, political writings during the Early Middle Ages, the High Middle Ages, the late middle ages and the Re ...
genre. It was written between 1313 and 1315 in Venetian (with a Latin prologue) and dedicated to the Venetian
duke of Candia
This is a list of the rulers and governors of the island of Crete throughout its history.
Antiquity
Crete was conquered for the Roman Republic by Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus in 69 BC and united with the Cyrenaica in the Roman province, p ...
, a member of the
Badoer
The Badoer were an aristocratic family in the Republic of Venice. The Badoer traced their ancestry, without any factual basis, to Doge Giustiniano Participazio in the early 9th century. In fact, they rose to prominence in the 13th century.
Not ...
family named Marino. It is divided into three sections on governing oneself, governing one's family and political governance. Its structure and content are based on the ''De regimine principum'' of
Giles of Rome
Giles of Rome O.S.A. (Latin: ''Aegidius Romanus''; Italian: ''Egidio Colonna''; c. 1243 – 22 December 1316), was a Medieval philosopher and Scholastic theologian and a friar of the Order of St Augustine, who was also appointed to the pos ...
or possibly on the
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
translation by
Henri de Gauchi
Henri de Gauchy (also spelled Gauchi, la, Henricus de Gauchiaco) was a French ''Magister degree, magister'' and Canon (clergy), canon of Saint-Martin de Liège in the late 13th century.Laurent Brun (2020)"Henri de Gauchy" ''Archives de littératur ...
. Compared to Giles, Paolino is pithy and practical.
Universal chronicles
Paolino wrote three universal chronicles in Latin. He worked on the project from 1306 to 1331. In chronological order the three are the ''Epithoma'', ''Compendium'' and ''Satirica''.
*The ''Notabilium historiarum Epithoma'' ('epitome of notable histories') runs from
Creation
Creation may refer to:
Religion
*''Creatio ex nihilo'', the concept that matter was created by God out of nothing
* Creation myth, a religious story of the origin of the world and how people first came to inhabit it
* Creationism, the belief tha ...
to the death of the Emperor
Henry VII in 1313. Completed before 1316, it is the most traditional of the three and is based on
Vincent of Beauvais
Vincent of Beauvais ( la, Vincentius Bellovacensis or ''Vincentius Burgundus''; c. 1264) was a Dominican friar at the Cistercian monastery of Royaumont Abbey, France. He is known mostly for his ''Speculum Maius'' (''Great mirror''), a major work ...
's ''
Speculum historiale
Richard of Cirencester ( la, Ricardus de Cirencestria; before 1340–1400) was a cleric and minor historian of the Benedictine abbey at Westminster Abbey, Westminster. He was highly famed in the 18th and 19th century as the author of ''The Descript ...
''. It is preserved in four 14th-century manuscripts, all now in
Florence
Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...
.
*The ''Compendium'' or ''Chronologia magna'' ('great chronology') covers the same period as the ''Epithoma'' with the addition of a section on
Outremer
The Crusader States, also known as Outremer, were four Catholic realms in the Middle East that lasted from 1098 to 1291. These feudal polities were created by the Latin Catholic leaders of the First Crusade through conquest and political int ...
, a ''
mappa mundi
A ''mappa mundi'' (Latin ; plural = ''mappae mundi''; french: mappemonde; enm, mappemond) is any medieval European map of the world. Such maps range in size and complexity from simple schematic maps or less across to elaborate wall maps, the ...
'' and a
map of the Holy Land. It was completed between 1321 and 1323, but updated later. It survives in both long and short versions in five manuscripts, including what is probably an
autograph
An autograph is a person's own handwriting or signature. The word ''autograph'' comes from Ancient Greek (, ''autós'', "self" and , ''gráphō'', "write"), and can mean more specifically: Gove, Philip B. (ed.), 1981. ''Webster's Third New Inter ...
,
Biblioteca Marciana
The Marciana Library or Library of Saint Mark ( it, italic=no, Biblioteca Marciana, but in historical documents commonly referred to as ) is a public library in Venice, Italy. It is one of the earliest surviving public libraries and repositori ...
MS lat. 399. There also survives a translation and adaptation in
Old Occitan
Old Occitan ( oc, occitan ancian, label=Occitan language, Modern Occitan, ca, occità antic), also called Old Provençal, was the earliest form of the Occitano-Romance languages, as attested in writings dating from the eighth through the fourteen ...
. The Occitan version, ''L'Abreujamen de las estorias'', survives in a single manuscript
Egerton
Egerton may refer to:
People
* Egerton (name), a list of people with either the surname or the given name
* Egerton family, a British aristocratic family
* George Egerton, pen name of Mary Dunne Bright (1859–1945), Australian-born writer
Place ...
MS 1500 that was produced in
Avignon
Avignon (, ; ; oc, Avinhon, label=Provençal dialect, Provençal or , ; la, Avenio) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Vaucluse Departments of France, department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region of So ...
between 1321 and 1324.
*The ''Satirica rerum gestarum'' ('satyricon of the deeds of the world') runs from Creation to 1320. It is divided into 238 chapters. Paolino finished working on it only after his election as bishop. It differs from the others by the inclusion of some
saints' lives
A hagiography (; ) is a biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader, as well as, by extension, an adulatory and idealized biography of a founder, saint, monk, nun or icon in any of the world's religions. Early Christian hagiographies might ...
, notably that of
Francis of Assisi
Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, better known as Saint Francis of Assisi ( it, Francesco d'Assisi; – 3 October 1226), was a mystic Italian Catholic friar, founder of the Franciscans, and one of the most venerated figures in Christianit ...
, and an account of
Pietro da Macerata
Pietro da Macerata was a Franciscan missionary to Lesser Armenia in the late 13th century. He was sent with Angelo Clareno and four other monks by Raymond Gaufridi sometime after 1289. However, the hostility of the "fratres communes" forced Pietr ...
and
Pietro da Fossombrone, founders of the
Fraticelli
The Fraticelli (Italian for "Little Brethren") or Spiritual Franciscans opposed changes to the rule of Saint Francis of Assisi, especially with regard to poverty, and regarded the wealth of the Church as scandalous, and that of individual church ...
, whom Paolino regarded as heretics. It is preserved in four 14th-century and five 15th-century manuscripts. The manuscript Vat. lat. 1960 in the
Vatican Library
The Vatican Apostolic Library ( la, Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, it, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana), more commonly known as the Vatican Library or informally as the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City. Formally es ...
includes a notice of the martyrdom of
Thomas of Tolentino
Thomas of Tolentino ( it, Tommaso di or '; 8 April 1321) was a Middle Ages, medieval Franciscans, Franciscan Christian missionary, missionary who was Christian martyrdom, martyred with his three companions in Thane, Delhi Sultanate, India, for " ...
in India in 1321.
[. This manuscript i]
digitized online
The impetus for Paolino to write an expanded version of his ''Epithoma'', which resulted in the ''Compendium'' and ''Satirica'', was his meeting with Marino Sanudo and his review of Sanudo's ''Liber secretorum'', which resulted in a correspondence between the two. These interactions broadened Paolino's geographical scope.
No complete edition of any of the chronicles exists, owing in part to the complexity of the manuscripts, which are replete with large tables. Certain excerpts have been extracted and published separately.
Paolino was widely used as a source in the 14th and 15th centuries. His contemporary,
Andrea Dandolo
Andrea Dandolo (13067 September 1354) was elected the 54th doge of Venice in 1343, replacing Bartolomeo Gradenigo who died in late 1342.
Early life
Trained in historiography and law, Andrea Dandolo studied at the University of Padua, where ...
, cites the ''Satirica'' in his ''Chronica per extensum descripta''. He was also used by
Poggio Bracciolini
Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini (11 February 1380 – 30 October 1459), usually referred to simply as Poggio Bracciolini, was an Italian scholar and an early Renaissance humanist. He was responsible for rediscovering and recovering many classi ...
,
Coluccio Salutati
Coluccio Salutati (16 February 1331 – 4 May 1406) was an Italian humanist and notary, and one of the most important political and cultural leaders of Renaissance Florence; as chancellor of the Republic and its most prominent voice, he was effec ...
and
Jan Długosz
Jan Długosz (; 1 December 1415 – 19 May 1480), also known in Latin as Johannes Longinus, was a Polish priest, chronicler, diplomat, soldier, and secretary to Bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki of Kraków. He is considered Poland's first histor ...
. Boccaccio had a mixed opinion of Paolino as a historian. In the eighth chapter of Book XIV of his ''
Genealogie deorum gentilium'', published around 1363, he praised him, but he left critical remarks in his own copy of Paolino's ''Compendium''. He considered him often to be, in the words of Roberta Morosini, "confused and ignorant". Nonetheless, he copied the account of the life of
Muḥammad
Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monothe ...
in Paolino's ''Satirica'' into one of his notebooks, the ''
Zibaldone Magliabechiano
Giovanni Boccaccio's notebooks or '' zibaldoni'' have been preserved in three codices, known as the ''Zibaldone Laurenziano'', the ''Miscellanea Laurenziana'' and the ''Zibaldone Magliabechiano''. These are autograph manuscripts containing both ...
'', under the title ''De Maumeth propheta Saracenorum''.
The ''Epithoma'' and ''Satirica'' today are not highly valued for their historical information. The ''Compendium'', however, does contain some valuable information on early Franciscan history.
The so-called fifth biography of Pope
Clement V
Pope Clement V ( la, Clemens Quintus; c. 1264 – 20 April 1314), born Raymond Bertrand de Got (also occasionally spelled ''de Guoth'' and ''de Goth''), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 5 June 1305 to his de ...
(1305–1314) and the fourth of John XXII (1316–1334) are in fact extracts from the ''Satirica'' that circulated independently.
Ecclesiastical writings
Paolino's works on the Franciscans are more valuable today as sources of information than his universal chronicles. His ''Provinciale ordinis fratrum minorum'' catalogues the provinces, custodies and convents of the contemporary Franciscan order. It was produced around 1334. Paolino is probably also responsible for compiling the ''Liber privilegiorum ordinis Minorum'' found in the manuscript , MS 49. Written around 1323, it contains copies of papal privileges granted to the Franciscans.
Paolino also wrote an outline of the ecclesiastical provinces and diocese subject to Rome, entitled ''Provinciale Romanae curiae''.
Short writings
Paolino wrote four standalone treatises as supplements to the ''Satirica'', to which they were usually appended: ''De mapa mundi'' ('on world maps'), ''De ludo scachorum'' ('on the game of chess'), ''De diis gentium et fabulis poetarum'' ('on the gods of the pagans and the fables of the poets') and ''De providentia et fortuna'' ('on providence and fate').
[; . Alternative spellings include ''De mappa mundi'' and ''De ludo scacorum''.]
Notes
Bibliography
Editions
*
*
Secondary literature
*
*
*
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{{refend
1270s births
1344 deaths
People from Venice
14th-century Venetian writers
Medieval Venetian historians
14th-century Italian historians
14th-century Latin writers
Italian Franciscans
Franciscan bishops
Franciscan writers
Franciscan scholars
14th-century diplomats
Ambassadors of the Republic of Venice to the Holy See
Ambassadors to the Kingdom of Naples
Apostolic Nuncios to the Republic of Venice
14th-century Neapolitan people
Bishops of Pozzuoli
Venetian language