Paul Underwood Kellogg (September 30, 1879 – November 1, 1958) was an American journalist and social reformer. He died at 79 in New York on November 1, 1958.

Life

He was born in

Kalamazoo, Michigan Kalamazoo ( ) is a city in the southwest region of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Kalamazoo County. At the 2010 census, Kalamazoo had a population of 74,262. Kalamazoo is the major city of the Kalamazoo-Portage Metropolit ...

, in 1879. After working as a journalist he moved to New York City to study at Columbia University.

Journalist

After university Kellogg worked for ''Charities'' magazine before carrying out an unprecedented, in-depth study of industrial life in Pittsburgh. Published as '' The Pittsburgh Survey'' (1910–14), it became a model for

sociologists This is a list of sociologists. It is intended to cover those who have made substantive contributions to social theory and research, including any sociological subfield. Scientists in other fields and philosophers are not included, unless at least ...

wishing to employ research to aid social reform. His studies which helped to abolish the seven-day work week.American Photography: A Century of Images
/ref> Kellogg returned to ''Charities'' magazine, now retitled ''Survey'' magazine. He became editor in 1912 and over the next few years turned into America's leading social work journal.

Activist

An opponent of U.S. involvement in the First World War, Kellogg joined Jane Addams and

Oswald Garrison Villard Oswald Garrison Villard (March 13, 1872 – October 1, 1949) was an American journalist and editor of the ''New York Evening Post.'' He was a civil rights activist, and along with his mother, Fanny Villard, a founding member of the NAACP. I ...

, to persuade Henry Ford, the American industrialist, to organize a peace conference in

Stockholm Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people liv ...

. Ford came up with the idea of sending a boat of

pacifists Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence. Pacifists generally reject theories of Just War. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaigne ...

to Europe to determine if they could negotiate an agreement to end the war. He chartered the ship ''Oskar II'', and it sailed from Hoboken, New Jersey, on December 4, 1915. The

Ford Peace Ship The Peace Ship was the common name for the ocean liner ''Oscar II'', on which American industrialist Henry Ford organized and launched his 1915 amateur peace mission to Europe; Ford chartered the ''Oscar II'' and invited prominent peace activists t ...

reached Stockholm in January, 1916, and a conference was organized with representatives from Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway,

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

and the United States. In 1918 Kellogg became the chairman of the Foreign Policy Association in New York. By the 1920s, Kellogg had become appalled by the way people were being persecuted for their political beliefs, particularly by President Woodrow Wilson's appointee

A. Mitchell Palmer Alexander Mitchell Palmer (May 4, 1872 – May 11, 1936), was an American attorney and politician who served as the 50th United States attorney general from 1919 to 1921. He is best known for overseeing the Palmer Raids during the Red Scare ...

. In 1920, Kellogg joined with Roger Baldwin, Norman Thomas,

Crystal Eastman Crystal Catherine Eastman (June 25, 1881 – July 28, 1928) was an American lawyer, antimilitarist, feminist, socialist, and journalist. She is best remembered as a leader in the fight for women's suffrage, as a co-founder and co-editor with ...

, Addams, Clarence Darrow,

John Dewey John Dewey (; October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. He was one of the most prominent American scholars in the f ...

Abraham Muste Abraham Johannes Muste ( ; January 8, 1885 – February 11, 1967) was a Dutch-born American clergyman and political activist. He is best remembered for his work in the labor movement, pacifist movement, antiwar movement, and civil rights movemen ...

, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn and Upton Sinclair to form the American Civil Liberties Union. In 1927 Kellogg joined with John Dos Passos, Alice Hamilton, Addams, Upton Sinclair, Dorothy Parker, Ben Shahn,

Edna St. Vincent Millay Edna St. Vincent Millay (February 22, 1892 – October 19, 1950) was an American lyrical poet and playwright. Millay was a renowned social figure and noted feminist in New York City during the Roaring Twenties and beyond. She wrote much of he ...

, Floyd Dell, George Bernard Shaw and H. G. Wells in an effort to prevent the execution of

Nicola Sacco Nicola Sacco (; April 22, 1891 – August 23, 1927) and Bartolomeo Vanzetti (; June 11, 1888 – August 23, 1927) were Italian immigrant anarchists who were controversially accused of murdering Alessandro Berardelli and Frederick Parmenter, a ...

and

Bartolomeo Vanzetti Nicola Sacco (; April 22, 1891 – August 23, 1927) and Bartolomeo Vanzetti (; June 11, 1888 – August 23, 1927) were Italian immigrant anarchists who were controversially accused of murdering Alessandro Berardelli and Frederick Parmenter, a ...

. Although

Webster Thayer Webster Thayer (July 7, 1857 – April 18, 1933) was a judge of the Superior Court of Massachusetts, best known as the trial judge in the Sacco and Vanzetti case. Background Thayer was born in Blackstone, Massachusetts, on July 7, 1857. He att ...

, the original judge, was officially criticized for his conduct at the trial, the execution took place on August 23, 1927.

References

Sources

* ''Paul U. Kellogg and the Survey: Voices for Social Welfare and Social Justice'' by Clarke A. Chambers

External links

* *
History of ''Survey''
*
The Survey
' at the

HathiTrust HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries including content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally ...

* Finding aid for th
Paul U. Kellogg papers
at th
Social Welfare History Archives
University of Minnesota Libraries. {{DEFAULTSORT:Kellogg, Paul American male journalists Journalists from Michigan 1879 births 1958 deaths American pacifists Progressive Era in the United States American social reformers Writers from Kalamazoo, Michigan Columbia University alumni