Paul Louis Adrien Henri Hymans (23 March 1865 – 8 March 1941), was a
Belgian
Belgian may refer to:
* Something of, or related to, Belgium
* Belgians, people from Belgium or of Belgian descent
* Languages of Belgium, languages spoken in Belgium, such as Dutch, French, and German
*Ancient Belgian language, an extinct languag ...
politician
A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking, a ...
associated with the
Liberal Party
The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left.
__TOC__ Active liberal parties
This is a li ...
. He was the second president of the
League of Nations
The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...
and served again as its president in 1932–1933.
Life
Hymans was the son of the Belgian writer and historian
Louis Hymans
Louis Hymans (1829—1884) was a Belgian writer, lecturer and politician.
Life
Hymans was born in Rotterdam on 3 May 1829.Charles Pergameni, "Hymans (Louis)", in ''Biographie Nationale de Belgique''vol. 29(Brussels, 1956), 708-711. In the year of ...
. He became a
lawyer
A lawyer is a person who practices law. The role of a lawyer varies greatly across different legal jurisdictions. A lawyer can be classified as an advocate, attorney, barrister, canon lawyer, civil law notary, counsel, counselor, solic ...
and professor at the
Universite Libre de Bruxelles. As a politician, he became Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1918 to 1920 (and again from 1927 to 1935), Minister of Justice from 1926 to 1927 and member of the Council of Ministers from 1935 to 1936. In 1919, together with
Charles de Broqueville
Charles Marie Pierre Albert, 1st Count de Broqueville (4 December 1860 – 5 September 1940) was the prime minister of Belgium, serving during World War I.
Before 1914
Charles de Broqueville was born into an old noble family with its roots in F ...
and
Emile Vandervelde
Emile Vandervelde (25 January 1866 – 27 December 1938) was a Belgian socialist politician. Nicknamed "the boss" (''le patron''), Vandervelde was a leading figure in the Belgian Labour Party (POB–BWP) and in international socialism.
Career
Emi ...
he introduced
universal suffrage
Universal suffrage (also called universal franchise, general suffrage, and common suffrage of the common man) gives the right to vote to all adult citizens, regardless of wealth, income, gender, social status, race, ethnicity, or political stanc ...
for all men (''
one man, one vote
"One man, one vote", or "one person, one vote", expresses the principle that individuals should have equal representation in voting. This slogan is used by advocates of political equality to refer to such electoral reforms as universal suffrage, ...
'') and
compulsory education
Compulsory education refers to a period of education that is required of all people and is imposed by the government. This education may take place at a registered school or at other places.
Compulsory school attendance or compulsory schooling ...
.
As foreign minister during the
Great War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, Hymans was successful in securing promises from the Allies that amounted to
co-belligerency. Britain, France and Russia pledged in the
Declaration of Sainte-Adresse in February 1916 that Belgium would be included in the peace negotiations, its independence would be restored and it would receive monetary compensation from Germany for the damage. When the war began, Hymans also received major promises of relief support from the United States that were approved by President
Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of ...
. Relief was directed primarily by the American
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 and a member of the Republican Party, holding office during the onset of the Gr ...
and involved several agencies: the
Commission for Relief in Belgium
The Commission for Relief in Belgium or C.R.B. − known also as just Belgian Relief − was an international (predominantly American) organization that arranged for the supply of food to German-occupied Belgium and northern France during the Fir ...
,
American Relief Administration
American Relief Administration (ARA) was an American relief mission to Europe and later post-revolutionary Russia after World War I. Herbert Hoover, future president of the United States, was the program director.
The ARA's immediate predeces ...
, and
Comité National de Secours et d'Alimentation
The ' (CNSA, "National Relief and Food Committee"; nl, Nationaal Hulp- en Voedingscomité) was a relief organization created in 1914 to distribute humanitarian aid to civilians in German-occupied Belgium during World War I. It was directed by ...
. At the
Paris Peace Conference in 1919, Belgium officially ended its longtime neutral status and became the first in line to receive reparations payments from Germany. However, Belgium received only a bit of German territory and was rejected in its demands for all of Luxembourg and part of the Netherlands. However, it was given colonial mandates over the German colonies of Rwanda and Burundi. Hymans was the leading spokesman for the small countries at Paris and became the president of the first assembly of the new League of Nations. He helped to form the
customs union
A customs union is generally defined as a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade area with a common external tariff.GATTArticle 24 s. 8 (a)
Customs unions are established through trade pacts where the participant countries set up ...
of Belgium and
Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...
(
Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) in 1921 and played a leading part in negotiating the
Dawes Plan
The Dawes Plan (as proposed by the Dawes Committee, chaired by Charles G. Dawes) was a plan in 1924 that successfully resolved the issue of World War I reparations that Germany had to pay. It ended a crisis in European diplomacy following Wor ...
in 1924. In 1928, he signed the
Kellogg-Briand Pact for Belgium.
[Holger H. Herwig, and Neil M. Heyman, eds. ''Biographical Dictionary of World War I'' (Greenwood, 1982) p 192-93.]
A
Protestant
Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...
and a
freemason
Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities ...
, he was a member of the lodge ''
Les Amis Philanthropes'' of the
Grand Orient of Belgium
Grand may refer to:
People with the name
* Grand (surname)
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* Grand Mixer DXT, American turntablist
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Places
* Grand, Oklahoma
* Grand, Vosges, village and c ...
in Brussels. He is interred in the
Ixelles Cemetery
Ixelles Cemetery (french: Cimetière d'Ixelles, ; nl, Begraafplaats van Elsene), located in Ixelles in the southern part of Brussels, is one of the major cemeteries in Belgium. ''Ixelles Cemetery'' also refers to a neighbourhood with a lot of ...
in
Brussels
Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...
.
Bibliography
* Paul Hymans, ''Pages liberales'' (E: Liberal Notes), 1936
Notes
References
Paul Hymans* Helmreich, J.E., Paul Hymans and Henri Jaspar : Contrasting Diplomatic Styles for a small power, in : Studia Diplomatica, XXXIX, 1986, p. 669–682.
* Willequet, J., Les mémoires de Paul Hymans, in : Le Flambeau, 1958, nr. 9-10, p. 565–573.
External links
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hymans, Paul
1865 births
1941 deaths
Belgian Ministers of State
Foreign ministers of Belgium
Burials at Ixelles Cemetery
Belgian Ministers of Justice