Paul Martin Hayes FRHS (12 February 1942 – 30 October 1995) was an English historian and academic, a fellow and tutor of

Keble College, Oxford Keble College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Its main buildings are on Parks Road, opposite the University Museum and the University Parks. The college is bordered to the north by Keble Road, to th ...

. His field of study was the 20th century, with a focus on

fascism Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultra-nationalist political ideology and movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy an ...

Early life

Hayes was educated at

St John's College, Oxford St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded as a men's college in 1555, it has been coeducational since 1979.Communication from Michael Riordan, college archivist Its founder, Sir Thomas White, intended to pro ...

, where in 1963 he took his first degree in Modern History, and then at

Nuffield College Nuffield College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It is a graduate college and specialises in the social sciences, particularly economics, politics and sociology. Nuffield is one of Oxford's newer co ...

, where he completed a doctorate, and also at the Universities of

Dijon Dijon (, , ) (dated) * it, Digione * la, Diviō or * lmo, Digion is the prefecture of the Côte-d'Or department and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in northeastern France. the commune had a population of 156,920. The earlies ...

Marburg Marburg ( or ) is a university town in the German federal state (''Bundesland'') of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district (''Landkreis''). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has a population of approximate ...

Lausanne , neighboring_municipalities= Bottens, Bretigny-sur-Morrens, Chavannes-près-Renens, Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne, Crissier, Cugy, Écublens, Épalinges, Évian-les-Bains (FR-74), Froideville, Jouxtens-Mézery, Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Lugrin (FR-74), ...

, and

Oslo Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of ...

.R. F. Holland, G. Rizvi, ''Perspectives on Imperialism and Decolonization: Essays in Honour of A.F. Madden'' (Routledge, 1984), p. 306

Career

In 1965, Hayes was elected as a fellow and tutor at Keble College, Oxford, where he remained until shortly before his death, and was also a University Lecturer in Modern History. At Keble, he was an enthusiast for college cricket, and was instrumental in securing the admission of

Imran Khan Imran Ahmed Khan Niazi ( ur}; born 5 October 1952) is a Pakistani politician and former Cricket captain who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Pakistan from August 2018 to until April 2022, when he was ousted through a no-confidenc ...

, after he had been turned down by Cambridge. Hayes was

Junior Proctor Proctor (a variant of ''procurator'') is a person who takes charge of, or acts for, another. The title is used in England and some other English-speaking countries in three principal contexts: * In law, a proctor is a historical class of lawye ...

of the University for the year 1980–1981, with responsibility for enforcing University discipline and sanctions and for the conduct of public examinations. In the 1980s, he was Tutor for Admissions at Keble. In 1991, as Senior Tutor of Keble, Hayes was involved in a dispute over

Phil Weston William Philip Christopher Weston (born 16 June 1973 in Durham), known as Phil Weston, is an English former cricketer. He was a left-handed opening batsman whose brother, Robin was the youngest player for Durham in the club's history. His fathe ...

, a cricketer who had been expected to join the college but did not do so after being refused permission to absent himself for much of his first term on a cricket tour of

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

. Hayes was accused of intransigence by

Peter Roebuck Peter Michael Roebuck (6 March 195612 November 2011) was an English cricketer who later became an Australian newspaper columnist and radio commentator. A consistent county performer with over 25,000 runs, and "one of the better English openers ...

, writing in ''

The Times ''The Times'' is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title ''The Daily Universal Register'', adopting its current name on 1 January 1788. ''The Times'' and its sister paper ''The Sunday Times'' (fou ...

'', but he made a firm reply, and others defended him. Interviewed in 2005, one of Hayes’s pupils, the Conservative politician Philip Dunne, said that he had taken no part in student politics at Oxford but Hayes and

Larry Siedentop Sir Larry Alan Siedentop (born 24 May 1936) is an American-born British political philosopher with a special interest in 19th-century French liberalism. He is the author of ''Democracy in Europe'' and an occasional contributor to several major Br ...

had influenced him by drawing international political themes to his attention.

Personal life

On 3 February 1981, at Oxford, Hayes married Ursel Kiehne. They had one sonErnest Kay, ed., ''The International Authors and Writers Who's Who'' (1986), p. 265 and one daughter, born in 1991. Hayes died on 30 October 1995,"PAUL MARTIN HAYES, MA, D.PHIL., F.R.HIST.S." (obituary) in ''Oxford University Gazette'', 30 November 1995 after a long illness, and a memorial service was held in the Keble College chapel on 20 January 1996.

Publications

*"Quisling's Political Ideas", in ''

Journal of Contemporary History The ''Journal of Contemporary History'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the study of history in all parts of the world since 1930. It was established in 1966 by Walter Laqueur and George L. Mosse. Originally published by Wei ...

'' (January, 1966) *''Quisling. The Career and Political Ideas of Vidkun Quisling 1887-1945'' (David & Charles, 1971)''British Book News'' (1971), p. 1005 *''Fascism'' (London: Allen & Unwin, 1973, ) * "Britain, Germany, and the Admiralty's Plans for Attacking German Territory", in

Lawrence Freedman Sir Lawrence David Freedman, (born 7 December 1948) is a British academic, historian and author with specialising in foreign policy, international relations and strategy. He has been described as the "dean of British strategic studies" and wa ...

, Paul Hayes, and Robert O'Neill (eds.), ''War, Strategy, and International Politics: Essays in Honour of Sir Michael Howard'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992) *''Themes in Modern European History 1890–1945'' (Routledge, 1992, )

Honours

Hayes was elected a Fellow of the

Royal Historical Society The Royal Historical Society, founded in 1868, is a learned society of the United Kingdom which advances scholarly studies of history. Origins The society was founded and received its royal charter in 1868. Until 1872 it was known as the Histori ...

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hayes, Paul Martin 1942 births 1995 deaths Alumni of Nuffield College, Oxford Alumni of St John's College, Oxford Fellows of Keble College, Oxford 20th-century English historians University of Lausanne alumni University of Marburg alumni University of Oslo alumni