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Paul Gabriel Hautefeuille (2 December 1836 in
Sociétés savantes de France From 1870 to 1885, he served as co-director of the chemical laboratory at the École Normale Supérieure, and in 1876, he replaced
Torchbearers of Chemistry: Portraits and Brief Biographies of Scientists
by Henry Monmouth Smith His scientific papers were published in the ''Académie des sciences'' (CRAS), the ''Bulletin de la Société chimique'', the ''
Paul Gabriel Hautefeuille (2 December 1836 in Étampes
Étampes () is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located south-southwest from the center of Paris (as the crow flies). Étampes is a sub-prefecture of the Essonne department.
Étampes, together with the neighboring c ...
– 8 December 1902 in Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
) was a French mineralogist
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the proces ...
and chemist
A chemist (from Greek ''chÄ“m(Ăa)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe th ...
.
Biography
From 1855 he studied at theÉcole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures
École may refer to:
* an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée)
* École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France
* École, Savoi ...
in Paris. Later on, by way of a recommendation from Jean-Baptiste Dumas
Jean Baptiste André Dumas (14 July 180010 April 1884) was a French chemist, best known for his works on organic analysis and synthesis, as well as the determination of atomic weights (relative atomic masses) and molecular weights by measuring v ...
, he was admitted as an assistant to the laboratory of chemist Henri Sainte-Claire Deville
Henri is an Estonian, Finnish, French, German and Luxembourgish form of the masculine given name Henry.
People with this given name
; French noblemen
:'' See the ' List of rulers named Henry' for Kings of France named Henri.''
* Henri I de Mon ...
at the École Normale Supérieure
École may refer to:
* an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée)
* École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France
* École, Savoi ...
. In 1865 he earned his doctorates in physical sciences and medicine.ProsopoSociétés savantes de France From 1870 to 1885, he served as co-director of the chemical laboratory at the École Normale Supérieure, and in 1876, he replaced
Charles Friedel
Charles Friedel (; 12 March 1832 – 20 April 1899) was a French chemist and Mineralogy, mineralogist.
Life
A native of Strasbourg, France, he was a student of Louis Pasteur at the University of Paris, Sorbonne. In 1876, he became a professor of ...
as a lecturer (''maitre de conferences Maitre or Maître is a French-language title, associated with lawyers. It is also a surname, equivalent to the English "Master"
Notable people with the surname include:
*Jean-Philippe Maitre (1949–2006), Swiss politician
*Romain Maitre (born 19 ...
'') at the school. In 1885 he was appointed professor of mineralogy at the Faculty of Sciences in Paris, and during the same year, was named director of the mineralogical laboratory at the École des Hautes Études
École may refer to:
* an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée)
* École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France
* École, Savoi ...
.
Research
He is largely remembered for his work involving mineralogical syntheses, being credited with laboratory reproduction ofquartz
Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical form ...
, tridymite
Tridymite is a high-temperature polymorph of silica and usually occurs as minute tabular white or colorless pseudo-hexagonal crystals, or scales, in cavities in felsic volcanic rocks. Its chemical formula is Si O2. Tridymite was first described ...
, zircon
Zircon () is a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates and is a source of the metal zirconium. Its chemical name is zirconium(IV) silicate, and its corresponding chemical formula is Zr SiO4. An empirical formula showing some of the r ...
, beryl
Beryl ( ) is a mineral composed of beryllium aluminium silicate with the chemical formula Be3Al2Si6O18. Well-known varieties of beryl include emerald and aquamarine. Naturally occurring, hexagonal crystals of beryl can be up to several mete ...
, mica
Micas ( ) are a group of silicate minerals whose outstanding physical characteristic is that individual mica crystals can easily be split into extremely thin elastic plates. This characteristic is described as perfect basal cleavage. Mica is ...
, alumina and many other minerals. He determined the temperatures at which minerals dissociate
Dissociation in chemistry is a general process in which molecules (or ionic compounds such as salts, or complexes) separate or split into other things such as atoms, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner. For instance, when an acid ...
as well as the temperature at which they will crystallize into a particular crystal system
In crystallography, a crystal system is a set of point groups (a group of geometric symmetries with at least one fixed point). A lattice system is a set of Bravais lattices. Space groups are classified into crystal systems according to their po ...
. He also conducted research on the oxides of nitrogen Nitrogen oxide may refer to a binary compound of oxygen and nitrogen, or a mixture of such compounds:
Charge-neutral
*Nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen(II) oxide, or nitrogen monoxide
*Nitrogen dioxide (), nitrogen(IV) oxide
*Nitrogen trioxide (), or ni ...
.by Henry Monmouth Smith His scientific papers were published in the ''Académie des sciences'' (CRAS), the ''Bulletin de la Société chimique'', the ''
Annales de chimie et de physique
__NOTOC__
''Annales de chimie et de physique'' ( French for ''Annals of Chemistry and Physics'') is a scientific journal founded in Paris, France, in 1789 under the title ''Annales de chimie''. One of the early editors was the French chemist Ant ...
'', the ''Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure'' and the ''Revue scientifique''.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hautefeuille, Paul 1836 births 1902 deaths 19th-century French chemists French mineralogists People from Étampes Academic staff of the École Normale Supérieure Members of the French Academy of Sciences Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery Officiers of the Légion d'honneur