Paul Handley
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''The King Never Smiles'' is an unauthorized biography of Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej by Paul M. Handley, a freelance journalist who lived and worked as a foreign correspondent in Thailand. It is published by Yale University Press and was released in 2006. The book was banned in Thailand before publication, and the Thai authorities have blocked local access to websites advertising the book.


Book summary

The publicity materials at the Yale University Press website originally described the book as telling "the unexpected story of ing Bhumibol Adulyadej'slife and 60-year rule — how a Western-raised boy came to be seen by his people as a living Buddha, and how a king widely seen as beneficent and apolitical could in fact be so deeply political, autocratic, and even brutal. Blasting apart the widely accepted image of the king as egalitarian and virtuous, Handley convincingly portrays an anti-democratic monarch who, together with allies in big business and the murderous, corrupt Thai military, has protected a centuries-old, barely modified feudal dynasty." '' The New York Times'' noted the book "presents a direct counterpoint to years of methodical royal image-making that projects a king beyond politics, a man of peace, good works and Buddhist humility." and, "The book describes
he King's only son He or HE may refer to: Language * He (pronoun), an English pronoun * He (kana), the romanization of the Japanese kana へ * He (letter), the fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets * He (Cyrillic), a letter of the Cyrillic script called ''He'' in ...
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Vajiralongkorn Vajiralongkorn ( th, วชิราลงกรณ; , ; born 28 July 1952) is the King of Thailand. He is the only son of King Bhumibol Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit. In 1972, at the age of 20, he was made crown prince by his father. After his ...
, as a willful man prone to violence, fast cars and dubious business deals."


Censorship in Thailand

Well before its release, in January 2006, the Thai Information and Communications Ministry banned access to the book and blocked access from Thailand to the book's page on the Yale University Press website and at Amazon.com. In a statement dated 19 January 2006, Thai National Police Chief General Kowit Wattana said the book has "contents which could affect national security and the good morality of the people."Warrick-Alexander, James (February 06, 2006).
Thailand Bars Univ. Website
" ''Yale Daily News''
On 19 July 2006, ''
ThaiDay ''ThaiDay'' was an English-language newspaper printed in Bangkok in 2005 and 2006. Started by politician Sondhi Limthongkul's Manager Media Group, it consisted of eight broadsheet pages that were inserted in the Thailand edition of the ''Interna ...
'', an English-language Thai paper, reported that the Thai government made great efforts to suppress the book, even contacting former American president
George H. Bush George H. Bush (February 18, 1857 – July 1, 1898) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. Life Bush was born in Greenfield Park, New York on February 18, 1857. He was of Irish and German parentage. Bush studied law at Cornell Un ...
and the president of Yale University,
Richard C. Levin Richard Charles Levin (born April 7, 1947) is an American economist and academic administrator. From 1993 to 2013, he was the 22nd President of Yale University. From March 2014 to June 2017, he was Chief Executive Officer of Coursera. Early lif ...
, to enlist their help. In February 2007, the Chula Book Centre, the main bookshop of state-run Chulalongkorn University, removed Chulalongkorn University professor Giles Ungphakorn's 2007 book ''A Coup for the Rich'' from its shelves after a manager of the book shop found that it listed ''The King Never Smiles'' as a reference. State-run
Thammasat University Thammasat University (Abbreviation, Abrv: TU th, มธ.; th, มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์, , ) is a public research university in Thailand with campuses in Tha Phra Chan area of Phra Nakhon District near the ...
Bookstore quickly followed suit, refusing to sell the book on 6 March. However, Thammasat University's rector later reversed this decision and ordered the university bookshop to sell the book. In October 2011, Thai-born American Joe Gordon was sentenced to two and a half years in prison by a Bangkok judge for defaming the royal family by translating sections of the book into Thai and posting them online. The judgement caused international concern as Gordon had published the extracts several years previously while living in the US and was detained only after returning to Thailand in May 2011 to seek medical treatment. Speaking after the verdict, Gordon said: "I am an American citizen and what happened was in America." Later, he added in Thai, "In Thailand they put people in prison even if they don't have proof." In July 2012, Gordon was pardoned by the king in advance of the Thai prime minister Yingluck Shinawatra's meeting with US secretary of state Hillary Clinton.


Dueling biographers

The Handley book was published six years after the first biography of King Bhumibol, ''The Revolutionary King'' by
William Stevenson William Stevenson may refer to: Government and politics * Sir William Stevenson (colonial administrator) (1805–1863), Governor of Mauritius * William E. Stevenson (1820–1883), American politician, Governor of West Virginia * William Ernest St ...
. Stevenson was chosen by Bhumibol himself after reading his previous book ''A Man Called Intrepid'', a highly controversial and hagiographic biography of the Canadian Spymaster William Stephenson which had been widely criticized and discredited by veterans and historians of the
CIA The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian intelligence agency, foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gat ...
, MI6, and Canadian Intelligence. Despite this, Bhumibol allegedly became obsessed with the book and personally translated it from English to Thai and had the Army and the Postal Service distribute thousands of copies. Handley commented on Stevenson's book, pages 437-439 of ''The King Never Smiles'': Stevenson reviewed the Handley book in the '' Asian Wall Street Journal'' and the '' Wall Street Journal Online'' (16 June 2006)


Critical reception


International reception

The book has had a generally positive reception among international critics and scholars. The '' New York Review of Books'' called it, "one of the most important books on Thailand to appear in English." It further noted that, "The originality of Handley's book lies in his tough but I think fair-minded analysis of the revival of royal authority under King Bhumibol." In a review in the '' New Left Review'',
Duncan McCargo Duncan McCargo is a British academic who is serving as Director of the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies and Professor of Political Science at the University of Copenhagen. He is currently a Visiting Professor in the School of Politics and Intern ...
, a lecturer from the University of Leeds who wrote several articles on the "network monarchy" of Bhumibol and his proxies, called ''The King Never Smiles'' an "important book," that was, "fluently written and grounded in very considerable research." McCargo said that while Handley's account, "draws on insights into the Thai monarchy from a range of scholars and writers, including Christine Gray, Kobkua Suwannathat-Pian, and
Sukhumbhand Paribatra Mom Rajawongse Sukhumbhand Paribatra ( th, ม.ร.ว.สุขุมพันธุ์ บริพัตร; , ; born 22 September 1953) is a Thai politician belonging to the Democrat Party. From 2009 to 2016 he was the Governor of Bangkok. ...
," his narrative, "moves far beyond the parameters of these precursors. It has a salience and an urgency well beyond that of any ordinary biography..." McCargo praised Handley's "understanding of Bhumibol as a political actor, as the primary architect of a lifelong project to transform an unpopular and marginalized monarchical institution—on the verge of abolition more than once—into the single most powerful component of the modern Thai state." McCargo also praised Handley's "brilliantly intuitive grasp of the seedy interplay between money and power," regarding the workings of the
Crown Property Bureau The Crown Property Bureau (CPB) ( th, สำนักงานทรัพย์สินพระมหากษัตริย์; ) is legally the administrative agency responsible for managing the property of the King of Thailand. It has no ...
. In addition, McCargo noted Handley's "evident empathy with his subject."


Thai reception

Critical reception in Thailand varied. Royalist Thai media tycoon and talk-show host Sondhi Limthongkul informally criticized the book as "full of gossip" and called Paul Handley "aggressive", "highhanded", "sassy", "derogatory to Asians", and "insolent even to his own parents". Chris Baker, an independent academic residing in Thailand who wrote a report praising Bhumibol's
self-sufficient economy Autarky is the characteristic of self-sufficiency, usually applied to societies, communities, states, and their economic systems. Autarky as an ideal or method has been embraced by a wide range of political ideologies and movements, especiall ...
theories for the United Nations, reviewed the book in the '' Asia Sentinel''. Baker praised the book, but said that in its later chapters, it ignored the role of the Thai elite and middle class in reimagining Bhumibol as a symbol of democracy. Baker said that the middle class was key in "rewriting history to cast the king as a peace-maker in
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and
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, glossing over
1976 Events January * January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 11 – The 1976 Phila ...
altogether, and ignoring the 1932 revolution to make democracy seem to be a gift from the throne." Baker also said that the section of the book covering the 2005-2006 political crisis (which was still occurring at the time of the book's publication) included unspecified errors and failed to explain why various groups seized on the monarchy as the focus of opposition to the government of Thaksin Shinawatra. Baker said that although the book introduced little that was new for experts, it did bring everything together, including many obscure sources, in a way that "connects the dots of a complex and important story with great narrative skill and very elegant prose." Furthermore, he said that the book did not "stray off to imagine what is going on in the king's mind." He noted that the book was "far from perfect," but was still "streets ahead of the competition, especially the hilariously error-prone effort of William Stevenson seven years ago." Socialist activist, anti-monarchist and political scientist Giles Ungphakorn reviewed the book for '' Prachatai'' online newspaper (his brother,
Jon Ungpakorn Jon Ungphakorn ( th, จอน อึ๊งภากรณ์, ; born 19 September 1947) is a London-born Thai non-governmental organization (NGO) executive and former member of the Senate of Thailand (2000–2006). Life and career Jon is the el ...
was the Secretary General of the foundation that ran the online newspaper). In his review, he praised the book for its evidence-backed analysis while disagreeing with some major points in the book. He stated that Handley underestimated the historical importance of the popular movement in Thailand, for instance by writing that the 1932 revolution was led by a foreign educated elite that was not accompanied by a popular uprising among the rural population. Giles noted that this view was different from that of political scientist Nakharin Mekhtrairat, who claimed there was strong pressure within the mainstream Thai society of the time to overthrow the absolute monarchy. Giles also said that the book's analysis of the weakening of the Thai military dictatorship during the late 1970s overemphasized the importance of Bhumibol, Army Commander
Krit Srivara Kris Sivara ( Thai: กฤษณ์ สีวะรา, , alternatively transcribed as ''Srivara'') (27 March 1914 – 28 April 1976) was a military officer of the Royal Thai Army, a member of the Thai Cabinet, and deputy commander-in-chief of th ...
, and Richard Nixon's diplomacy with Communist China, while not placing enough importance on the role of students and workers. Giles stated that Handley's view that dictator Sarit Thanarat was a tool for King Bhumibol was not that of political scientist
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, who felt the opposite was true: Sarit used King Bhumibol as a tool to increase his own credibility.


Publication history

The book was commercially successful. By October 2006, the book went through three printings. Although the book was banned in Thailand, samizdat photocopies of the book were available for sale in the
Tha Phrachan Tha Phra Chan ( th, ท่าพระจันทร์, ) is a pier on Rattanakosin Island, Bangkok, on the east bank of the Chao Phraya River, in Phra Nakhon District. The pier is beside Thammasat University's campus of the same name. ''Tha ...
area of Bangkok. Unauthorized translations of sections of the book appeared on several websites, although some sites were blocked by censors.


See also

* Censorship in Thailand * Bhumibol Adulyadej *
William Stevenson William Stevenson may refer to: Government and politics * Sir William Stevenson (colonial administrator) (1805–1863), Governor of Mauritius * William E. Stevenson (1820–1883), American politician, Governor of West Virginia * William Ernest St ...
*
Monarchy of Thailand The monarchy of Thailand (whose monarch is referred to as the king of Thailand; th, พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย, or historically, king of Siam; th, พระมหากษัตริย์สยาม) refers to the c ...
* Lese majeste


References


Further reading


Paul Handley's response to Grant Evans' September 2006 book review in the ''Far Eastern Economic Review''

Preface and Introduction of the book
Adobe Acrobat format, Yale University Press *
Also published in Spanish translation.
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:King Never Smiles 2006 non-fiction books Biographies about politicians Biographies about royalty Unauthorized biographies Bhumibol Adulyadej American biographies Yale University Press books Censorship in Thailand Controversies in Thailand 2006 in Thailand Censored books