Paul Ferdinand Gautier (12 October 1842 – 7 December 1909) was a French scientific instrument maker who specialized in precision astronomical telescopes and measuring equipment. He produced instruments for many participants of the 1887 Carte du Ciel project.

Biography

Gautier came from a modest Parisian family and was forced to leave school and work as an apprentice at the age of thirteen. He trained in geometry and at eighteen he joined Secretan where he worked under William Eichens (1818-1884). They were involved in setting up the reflecting telescope at for Leon Foucalt (1819-1868) at Marseille in 1863. When Eichens founded his own company in 1866, Gautier joined and after about ten years he founded his own workshop. He exhibited a dividing engine at the 1878 Paris Universal Exhibition. In 1881 Gautier bought up Eichens' firm. He began to develop several equatorial coude telescopes based on the design of

Maurice Loewy Maurice (Moritz) Loewy (15 April 1833 – 15 October 1907) was a French astronomer. Loewy was born in Vienna.According to investigations by Anneliese Schnell (''Maurice Loewy and the equatorial Coudé in Vienna'', Astronomische Nachrichten, Vol. ...

which were used widely. He used lenses made by the brothers Paul and Prosper Henry. Gautier also made innovations to the micrometer to reduce errors in measurement. He worked on a large

refractor A refracting telescope (also called a refractor) is a type of optical telescope that uses a lens (optics), lens as its objective (optics), objective to form an image (also referred to a dioptrics, dioptric telescope). The refracting telescope d ...

with a 132 cm diameter lens for the

1900 Paris exhibition The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate developmen ...

financed by the French politician

François Deloncle Antoine Benoît François Deloncle (14 August 1856 – 21 October 1922) was a French orientalist, journalist, diplomat and politician who was Deputy for Basses-Alpes from 1889 to 1898, Deputy for Cochinchina from 1902 to 1910, and again Deputy for ...

and his private society, however this was a disaster as the telescope was not placed in an appropriate location and failure of payments for it nearly destroyed his company. At the height of his success in 1900 he employed 40 people at his Arago boulevard workshop and had built 17 equatorial telescopes, 7 coudes, 3 refractors, 7 meridian circles, 5 siderostats, 3 azimuth telescopes, 13 astrographs and numerous smaller instruments. Gautier continued to work and developed a printing chronograph. His company was purchased after his death by G. Prin in 1910 and came to be called ''Ets, Secretan, Epry, Jecquelin successeurs.'' Gautier was made knight of the legion of honour in 1889. File:Macromicrometer_Gautier.jpg, Macro-micrometer for measurements from astrophotographs File:Gautier_micrometer.jpg, The "impersonal" micrometer File:1900 Paris Refractor.jpg , The refractor at the 1900 Paris exhibition

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gautier, Paul Ferdinand 1842 births 1909 deaths French scientific instrument makers