Paul Hampden Dougherty (September 6, 1877 – January 9, 1947) was an American
marine painter
Marine art or maritime art is a form of figurative art (that is, painting, drawing, printmaking and sculpture) that portrays or draws its main inspiration from the sea. Maritime painting is a genre that depicts ships and the sea—a genre part ...
. Dougherty (pronounced dog-er-tee) was recognized for his
American Impressionism
American Impressionism was a style of painting related to European Impressionism and practiced by American artists in the United States from the mid-nineteenth century through the beginning of the twentieth. The style is characterized by loose ...
paintings of the coasts of
Maine
Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and ...
and
Cornwall
Cornwall (; kw, Kernow ) is a historic county and ceremonial county in South West England. It is recognised as one of the Celtic nations, and is the homeland of the Cornish people. Cornwall is bordered to the north and west by the Atlantic ...
in the years after the turn of the 20th century. His work has been described as bold and masculine, and he was best known for his many paintings of breakers crashing against rocky coasts and mountain landscapes. Dougherty also painted still lifes, created prints and sculpted.
The son of a prominent attorney, Dougherty graduated from law school and passed the bar, but chose art over the law. His artistic training was relatively brief. An erudite man and a world traveler, Dougherty sketched and exhibited extensively on both the east and west coasts of the United States, in the British Isles, throughout Europe and in Asia. He spent the first half of his career based in the east, but he moved west in 1928 and eventually spent the summers in
Carmel, California
Carmel-by-the-Sea (), often simply called Carmel, is a city in Monterey County, California, United States, founded in 1902 and incorporated on October 31, 1916. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is known for its natural scenery and ric ...
and the cooler winter months in the desert. Dougherty won almost every major award at the annual exhibitions of the
National Academy of Design
The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of American artists, founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse, Asher Durand, Thomas Cole, Martin E. Thompson, Charles Cushing Wright, Ithiel Town, and others "to promote the f ...
in New York, as well as a Gold Medal at the
Panama–Pacific International Exposition
The Panama–Pacific International Exposition was a world's fair held in San Francisco, California, United States, from February 20 to December 4, 1915. Its stated purpose was to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal, but it was widely s ...
in
San Francisco
San Francisco (; Spanish for " Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California and 17th ...
. By 1915 many American museums had purchased his works for their permanent collections. He was elected to membership of the
National Academy of Design
The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of American artists, founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse, Asher Durand, Thomas Cole, Martin E. Thompson, Charles Cushing Wright, Ithiel Town, and others "to promote the f ...
.
Early life
Paul Dougherty was born in
Brooklyn, New York
Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...
. He was the eldest of six children born to J. Hampden Dougherty, a prominent attorney, legal scholar and leader of the New York State Bar Association. While his father wanted to see him pursue a career in law, Dougherty was always drawn to art, and sketched and painted incessantly. He graduated from Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute in 1896 where he received some training in art. His talent in art was always apparent and by the time he was eighteen one of his works was accepted for the Annual Exhibition of the National Academy of Design. In spite of his artistic abilities, he diligently followed through on his education and graduated from New York Law School and passed the bar, but he was never to practice law. Information on his artistic training can be contradictory and sketchy. In filling out an information card for the National Academy, he stated that he studied with the noted landscape painter
Henry Ward Ranger
Henry Ward Ranger (January 29, 1858 – November 7, 1916) was an American artist. Born in western New York State, he was a prominent landscape and marine painter, an important Tonalist, and the leader of the Old Lyme Art Colony. Ranger became a ...
in 1897, which is the only formal training he mentioned. However, there are accounts that he studied with the innovative ship designer and marine painter William S. Barnett (1854–1927) from Rockport, Maine, who had been living in Brooklyn since 1885 when he returned from his studies at the
Académie Julian. Dougherty did share a studio in Brooklyn early in his career with Barnett as well as Gustave Wiegland (1870–1957),
George McCord and
Harry Roseland. About 1901 these artists were joined by Frederick and Joseph Boston, Charles Burlingame, Edward Rorke, and Benjamin Eggleston in forming ''The Brooklyn Ten'' which then became known as ''The Society of Brooklyn Painters''. The first annual exhibition of the society was held at the Hooper Gallery on Fulton Street in Brooklyn in 1903.
European travel and early career
![Paul Dougherty (3018345795)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Paul_Dougherty_%283018345795%29.jpg)
In order to advance his studies, Dougherty and his younger brother, the stage actor
Walter Hampden
Walter Hampden Dougherty (June 30, 1879 in Brooklyn – June 11, 1955 in Los Angeles), known professionally as Walter Hampden, was an American actor and theatre manager. He was a major stage star on Broadway in New York who also made numerou ...
Dougherty (1879–1955), left on an extended trip to Europe. On this sojurn, he sketched and painted throughout the continent and studied the Old Masters in museums in order to educate himself. Munich, Venice, Paris and Florence were all stops on the Dougherty brother's European tour. In 1901 Dougherty sent a landscape painting home for the annual exhibit of the National Academy of Design and he showed his landscapes with the Academy for the next several years. In Paris he met a young Swedish music student named Antje Berthe Lund and they were married in 1902. The Doughertys returned to America and the artist opened a home and studio in
Nutley, New Jersey, where their daughter Lisa was born. Tragically, Antje Dougherty died of
appendicitis
Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix. Symptoms commonly include right lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite. However, approximately 40% of people do not have these typical symptoms. Severe complications of a ru ...
just weeks later. Soon after returning to the United States, Dougherty began to work on
Monhegan Island
Monhegan () is an island in the Gulf of Maine located in Lincoln County, Maine, United States. A plantation, a minor civil division in the state of Maine falling between unincorporated area and a town, it is located about off the mainland. Th ...
, Maine, an area which was already a famous summer place for painters. In Maine, the young painter began to build his first significant body of the marine paintings he would become known for and the dramatic views of the Island offered him a host of subjects. He joined the
Society of American Artists
The Society of American Artists was an American artists group. It was formed in 1877 by artists who felt the National Academy of Design did not adequately meet their needs, and was too conservative.
The group began meeting in 1874 at the home of ...
in 1904, a group of younger painters who had broken away from the National Academy years before because it was then dominated by the aging members of the
Hudson River School
The Hudson River School was a mid-19th century American art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by Romanticism. The paintings typically depict the Hudson River Valley and the surrounding area ...
. When the Society merged with the National Academy in 1905, Dougherty automatically became an Associate Member. In 1907 he had his first exhibition at the William Macbeth's Macbeth Gallery in New York City. Irish born William Macbeth (1851–1917) was the first dealer to only represent American artists and he opened his first gallery in 1892. Macbeth and Dougherty forged a lasting friendship and the young painter began a long series of successful exhibitions in the 5th Avenue Gallery.
St. Ives
The famous
art colony
An art colony, also known as an artists' colony, can be defined two ways. Its most liberal description refers to the organic congregation of artists in towns, villages and rural areas, often drawn by areas of natural beauty, the prior existence o ...
of
St. Ives lies on the Cornish Peninsula in Southwestern England and Dougherty worked there extensively. While
J.M.W. Turner
Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 177519 December 1851), known in his time as William Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. He is known for his expressive colouring, imaginative landscapes and turbule ...
(1775–1851) did a pencil sketch of St. Ives as early as 1811, it wasn't until the completion of a rail line to
Penzance in 1859, that artists began to frequent the area and paint its dramatic views. After the mining industry collapsed, more artists began to visit including
James Whistler
James Abbott McNeill Whistler (; July 10, 1834July 17, 1903) was an American painter active during the American Gilded Age and based primarily in the United Kingdom. He eschewed sentimentality and moral allusion in painting and was a leading pr ...
and his students, who painted there in 1884. By 1886, there was a colony of painters in St. Ives, led by the American
Edward Simmons and the Victorian marine painter
Adrian Stokes (1854–1935). Simmons influenced the Swedish painter
Anders Zorn
Anders Leonard Zorn (18 February 1860 – 22 August 1920) was a Swedish painter. He attained international success as a painter, sculptor, and etching artist. Among Zorn's portrait subjects include King Oscar II of Sweden and three American ...
who learned to work in oil in St. Ives. The British painter
Julius Olsson was one of the most influential artists in St. Ives in the years after the turn of the 20th century and he brought many other painters to the area. Paul Dougherty came to love St. Ives and some of his most dramatic works were done of the dramatic cliffs there. Dougherty spent about six months a year there from 1908 to 1913. For many years, Dougherty lived a bi-continental existence, splitting his time between his New York studio and Europe. In the spring and summer he went on lengthy sketching trips abroad, coming back to New York for the fall and winter exhibitions. In May 1915 for example he applied for a new passport, stating that his travels would take him to England, France, Italy, Switzerland and Spain. In 1921 for yet another passport he stated he would travel to Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Spain.
Mid-career
As Dougherty reached middle age, he kept up his exhibitions and travels. He spent the late spring and summer of each year abroad, usually arriving home in October or November. His New York studio changes locations almost annually. In the 1920s he exhibited his watercolors more frequently and in 1920 and 1921 alone his work in this medium was exhibited at the
Cleveland Museum of Art
The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, located in the Wade Park District, in the University Circle neighborhood on the city's east side. Internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian and Egyptian ...
, the
Memorial Art Gallery in
Rochester New York, the
Brooklyn Museum and the Art Institute of Chicago. While his friend and dealer William Macbeth (1851–1917) had died in 1917, Dougherty's long relationship with Macbeth Galleries continued through his rotund son, Robert Wilson Macbeth who took over the gallery upon his father's death. Even though the
modern movements were becoming more popular, especially in New York City, landscape and marine paintings still remained popular and had a dedicated constituency. Another major feature on Dougherty appeared in the pages of the International Studio, the most famous English language art publication in 1921 and again, the writer,
Ameen Rihani
Ameen Rihani (Amīn Fāris Anṭūn ar-Rīḥānī) ( ar, أمين الريحاني / ALA-LC: ''Amīn ar-Rīḥānī''; Freike, Lebanon, November 24, 1876 – September 13, 1940), was a Lebanese American writer, intellectual and political a ...
, compared the painter to Winslow Homer: "...there is no doubt that the mantle of Winslow Homer has fallen on Paul Dougherty. Does it fit? Does it trail? Does it inspire respect? I can answer the last question in the affirmative."
Artistic recognition
As he reached the heart of his career, Dougherty became more interested in light and experimented with "broken color" techniques and "optical blending." In 1913, in the museum journal ''Aesthetics'', he was described said to be..."now pre-eminently a painter of light, as much an exponent of it as
Claude Monet
Oscar-Claude Monet (, , ; 14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926) was a French painter and founder of impressionist painting who is seen as a key precursor to modernism, especially in his attempts to paint nature as he perceived it. During ...
." Dougherty had a solo exhibition at the
Art Institute of Chicago
The Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago's Grant Park, founded in 1879, is one of the oldest and largest art museums in the world. Recognized for its curatorial efforts and popularity among visitors, the museum hosts approximately 1.5 mill ...
in the summer of 1914. In an attempt to become known for landscapes as well as marines paintings he was represented by a number of his pictures of the Swiss Alps including "Evening Calm." In the bulletin of the Art Institute the editor said that "Mr. Dougherty is now chiefly thought of as a painter of accomplished marines; but his mountain pictures, though less well known are no less important." In 1915 the Panama–Pacific International Exposition was held in San Francisco to celebrate the city's rebirth after the
San Francisco earthquake
At 05:12 Pacific Standard Time on Wednesday, April 18, 1906, the coast of Northern California was struck by a major earthquake with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (''Extreme''). High-intensity sha ...
and fire. The San Francisco world's fair featured a massive exhibition of paintings from the history of art as well as hundreds of works by contemporary artists from the United States and Europe. This exhibition is considered a turning point in California Art and it was also a triumph for Paul Dougherty who had four works exhibited and was awarded a Gold Medal. In his guide to the exhibition, the writer Michael Williams stated that "Another marine artist whose work is well and favorably known and which has been awarded a Gold Medal, is Paul Dougherty. Four pictures by him hang on Wall A. Paul Dougherty is a New York man, of such independence of mind that he studied without any masters in Paris, London, Florence, Venice and Munich. Examples of his work hang in all the principal galleries of the country." Dougherty was in such demand that a 1916 issue of the ''Bulletin'' for the
Detroit Museum of Art
The Detroit Institute of Arts (DIA), located in Midtown Detroit, Michigan, has one of the largest and most significant art collections in the United States. With over 100 galleries, it covers with a major renovation and expansion project complete ...
mentioned him among the American artists who had "reached the zenith of their power" whose works they were seeking for their permanent collection. That December, his watercolors were the subject of an exhibition at Macbeth Gallery and in a review, the writer for the New York Times complimented Dougherty's progress by saying that "in his oil pictures has worked during the last ten years with a steadily increasing appreciation of chromatic values, is showing at the Macbeth Galleries a group of water colors that challenge comparison with the best of their kind."
Move to California
By the 1920s, Dougherty was beginning to suffer the debilitating effects of arthritis. Although he did not move to California for a number of years, he was painting on the
Monterey Peninsula
The Monterey Peninsula anchors the northern portion on the Central Coast of California and comprises the cities of Monterey, Carmel, and Pacific Grove, and the resort and community of Pebble Beach.
History Monterey
Monterey was founded in 17 ...
by 1925 because he entered "Evening at Monterey" in the large exhibition of American watercolors that Macbeth Gallery opened in December of that year. Searching for a better climate to ease its effects, he and his last wife, the socialite Paula Gates, moved west, first to the dry desert climate of Tucson, Arizona. Still wanting to be near the sea, In 1931 the Doughertys found a home in the art colony of
Carmel, California
Carmel-by-the-Sea (), often simply called Carmel, is a city in Monterey County, California, United States, founded in 1902 and incorporated on October 31, 1916. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is known for its natural scenery and ric ...
, a picturesque spot on the rugged central coast of California, south of San Francisco.
He joined the
Carmel Art Association
The Carmel Art Association (CAA) is a Not-for-profit arts organization and Art museum, gallery located in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. The CAA is Carmel's oldest gallery. It features the work of many local artists living on the Monterey Peninsu ...
and became active in the local art scene. He became a member of the CAA board of directors for ten years and served as president for one term. There, he sketched Carmel Bay and the coastal inlets from vantage points on the cliffs. For a number of years, Dougherty spent the cooler months in the desert and the rest of the year in Carmel where he still painted prolifically. Despite his ailments, he and his wife Paula still traveled abroad, going to Europe in 1934 and 1937. Still By the 1940s, the effects of old age began to creep up on him and he was unable to work for the last four years of his life. Finally, he was struck with cancer and died in Palm Springs, California where he was wintering, at the age of sixty-nine. Dougherty's Palm Springs home, designed by the architect John Porter Clark, was designated a Class One Historic Site by the City of Palm Springs in 2014.
Assessment and oeuvre
Paul Dougherty was a prolific and successful painter. He forged a national artistic reputation early in his life and his works sold steadily until the
modern movements eventually supplanted traditional art in the 1930s. In 1978 the art historian Mahonri Sharp Young wrote of him that "Everything came to him; all his pictures sold, he won all the prizes...the rich delighted to honor him, and his wives were glamorous." While he is primarily recognized for his coastal scenes, he also painted landscapes, mountain scenes and even the arid desert. His best known paintings were rugged coastal scenes of Maine,
Cornwall
Cornwall (; kw, Kernow ) is a historic county and ceremonial county in South West England. It is recognised as one of the Celtic nations, and is the homeland of the Cornish people. Cornwall is bordered to the north and west by the Atlantic ...
,
Brittany
Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, Historical region, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known ...
and the Monterey peninsula in California. His artistic production is well divided between scenes of the Maine Coast, the Cornish Coast of England, pictures from his extensive travels in Europe, Asia and the Caribbean, a bold series of Alpine paintings and hundreds of paintings done in Carmel, where he had his last studio. Most of these works were in oil, with many smaller works on board and larger works on canvas, but he also worked extensively in watercolor. In her summary of Dougherty's work for the
National Arts Club
The National Arts Club is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit and members club on Gramercy Park, Manhattan, New York City. It was founded in 1898 by Charles DeKay, an art and literary critic of the ''New York Times'' to "stimulate, foster, and promote public ...
's collection, art historian Carol Lowrey wrote that "The drama and realism of Dougherty's marines also prompted comparisons to Winslow Homer and indeed, the master's later seascapes served as an aesthetic and thematic model for Dougherty and a number of artists of his generation, such as Frederick Waugh. Like Homer, Dougherty liked to depict churning, turbulent waters, exemplified in canvasses such as ''Grey Sea'', a work that demonstrates his favorite compositional scheme - an outcropping of rocks pounded by the rough surf in the foreground, a high horizon line, and an expansive of cloud streaked sky. As in the majority of his coastal scenes, Dougherty avoids allusions to man, architecture or boats, preferring to concentrate on the tumultuous motion of the sea and the glimmer of light on the wave crests and the rocky shore - denoted here by means of an energetic brushwork and a palette of blues, mauves, greens and browns with a pale yellow, gray and white. While his approach is grounded in the
Realist tradition, Dougherty's painterly touch and iridescent hues indicate a debt to
Impressionism
Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open Composition (visual arts), composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating ...
as well."
Galleries
Paul Dougherty's works were exhibited in a number of leading commercial galleries in his lifetime, but then primarily on the east coast of the United States. New York's Macbeth Gallery was always his primary dealer. Today his work is primarily sold by galleries in California, where he spent the last fifteen years of his life.
See also
*
California Plein-Air Painting
*
American Impressionism
American Impressionism was a style of painting related to European Impressionism and practiced by American artists in the United States from the mid-nineteenth century through the beginning of the twentieth. The style is characterized by loose ...
*
French Impressionism
Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage ...
*
National Academy of Design
The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of American artists, founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse, Asher Durand, Thomas Cole, Martin E. Thompson, Charles Cushing Wright, Ithiel Town, and others "to promote the f ...
*
California Art Club
The California Art Club (CAC) is one of the oldest and most active arts organizations in California. Founded in December 1909, it celebrated its centennial in 2009 and into the spring of 2010. The California Art Club originally evolved out of The ...
Memberships and affiliations
*National Academy of Design, New York, New York
*National Institute of Arts and Letters, New York, New York
*National Arts Club, New York, New York
*Society of American Artists, New York
*American Watercolor Society, New York
*Bohemian Club, San Francisco, California
*
Lotos Club
The Lotos Club was founded in 1870 as a gentlemen's club in New York City; it has since also admitted women as members. Its founders were primarily a young group of writers and critics. Mark Twain, an early member, called it the "Ace of Clubs". ...
, New York, New York
*Salmugundi Club, New York, New York
Awards and honors
*Gold Medal, Panama–Pacific International Exposition (1915)
*Altman Prize, National Academy of Design, 93rd Annual Exhibition (1918) (Won with "Bottalac Cove")
*Inness Gold Medal, National Academy of Design (1913)
*Carnegie Prize, National Academy of Design (1915)
*Palmer Memorial Prize, National Academy of Design (1941)
*Silver Medal, 18th Annual Carnegie International Exhibition (1914)
Studio locations
*Sebasco, Maine,
*Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
*Paris, France
*St. Ives, Cornwall, England
*New York, New York
*Tucson, Arizona
Public collections with works by Paul Dougherty
*Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York ("October Seas" purchased by the museum in 1911)
*Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago Illinois ("Blue Gale" was a museum purchase in 1910)
*Monterey Museum of Art, Monterey,
*Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, College
*Addison Museum of American Art, Andover, Massachusetts
*Corcoran Museum of Art, Washington, D.C.
*Hunter Museum of American Art, Chattanooga, Tennessee
*Munson-Williams-Proctor Art Institute, Utica, New York
*National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
*Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, Alabama
*Albright-Knox Museum of Art, Buffalo, New York
*Ball State Museum of Art, Muncie, Indiana
*Arizona State Museum of Art, Tempe, Arizona
*Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York
*Lyman Allyn Museum, New London, Connecticut
*Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts
*Oakland Museum of California, Oakland, California
*Museum of Art at Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
*The Irvine Museum, Irvine, California
*Georgia Museum of Art, Athens, Georgia
*The Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
*Hackley Museum of Art, Muskegon, Michigan ("A Golden Light" was a museum purchase in 1913 soon after the museum was founded)
*National Museum of American Art, Washington D.C.
*National Gallery of Art, Canada, Ottawa, Canada
*St. Louis Museum of Fine Arts, St. Louis, Missouri ("After the Gale" was purchased in 1916)
*Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio
*Memorial Art Gallery, Rochester, New York ("Coast of Cornwall" presented by George Eastman of Eastman-Kodak)
*Brooklyn Museum, New York, New York
*Gibbes Museum of Art, Charleston, South Carolina
*Jack S. Blanton Museum of Art, Austin, Texas
*Colby College Museum of Art, Waterville, Maine
*High Museum of Art, Atlanta, Georgia
*Heckscher Museum of Art, Huntington, Long Island, New York
*The Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Nebraska
*Wright Museum of Art, Beloit, Wisconsin
*The Washington County Museum of Fine Arts, Hagerstown, Maryland
*Montclair Art Gallery, Montclair, New Jersey
*Norton Museum of Art, West Palm Beach, Florida,
*Springville Museum of Art, Springville, Utah
* Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, New York
*The Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C. ("Storm Voices" was one of Duncan Phillip's first purchases, the Phillips also has "Round the Bay")
*The Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, Ohio
*
Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art
The Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art is a non-profit art museum in Shawnee, Oklahoma, USA. It is located on the Oklahoma Baptist University Green Campus, being the campus of the former St. Gregory's University. The museum operated independently of St. ...
, Shawnee, Oklahoma
*The Newark Museum, Newark, New Jersey
*The Arkell Museum at Canajoharie, Canajoharie, New York
*Telfair Museum of Art, Savannah, Georgia
*Portland Art Museum, Portland, Oregon
*The Parish Art Museum, Southampton, New York
*The Hickory Museum of Art, Hickory, North Carolina (A "Freshening Gale" and "No Man's Bay" were a museum purchase and "California Sunset" was a gift from the artist's daughter Lisa Dougherty Coons in 1988)
References
*Paul Dougherty Biography, The Phillips Collection Web Site, Washington, D.C., 2010
*'New York Passenger Lists, 1897–1957,' Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, National Archives, Washington, D.C. (List of Dougherty's travels from Art of California.com)
*Lowrey, Carol, ''A Legacy of Art: Paintings and Sculptures by the Artist Life Members of the National Arts Club,'' Pg. 23-23, Hudson Hills Press, New York, 2008 (Biographies of all the Artist Life Members of the National Arts Club)
*Davenport, Ray, ''Davenport's Art Reference: The Gold Edition,'' 2005 (Biographical entry)
*Richter, Marianne & Greenhouse, Wendy, ''Union League Club of Chicago Art Collection,'' Union League Club of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 2003
*Stone, William, 'Celebrating 75 Years of Local Art, Carmel Art Association,' ''Carmel-by-the-Sea,'' California, 2002
*Hughes, Edan, Milton, ''Artists in California,'' Hughes Publishing, San Francisco, California, 2001 (Biographical entry)
*Klein, Barbara, 'The Carmel Monterey Peninsula Art Colony: A History,' ''American Art Review,'' Volume VIII, Number 4, September–October 1996, pp. 110–117.
*Ship, Steve, ''American Art Colonies, 1850-1930: A Historical Guide to America's Art Colonies and their Artists,'' Greenwood Press, 1996 (Entry on Dougherty on the Carmel Colony)
*Klein, Barbara, 'Carmel Monterey Art Colony,' ''American Art Review,'' October, 1996
*Kendall-Hess, Wendy, 'A Legacy of Beauty,' ''American Art Review,'' June, 1995
*Whybrow, Marion, St. Ives, Portrait of a Colony: 1893-1993, Antique Collectors Club, Woods, Suffock, 1994 (Story of the St. Ives art colony on the Cornish coast which Dougherty was a member of)
*Donovan, Gael, ''Our First Five National Academicians'', Carmel Art Association, Carmel, California, 1989 (Short essay in catalog)
*McGlynn, Betty Hoag, ''The Carmel Art Association: A History, Carmel-by-the-Sea: Carmel Art Association,'' 1987, 9-11.
*Westphal, Ruth Lilly, Editor, ''Plein-Air Painters of California: The North,'' Westphal Publishing, Irvine, California 1986 (Biographical Summary from landmark California Plein-Air reference)
*Nelson, Mary Carroll, Paul Dougherty, 1877–1947, Hickory Museum of Art, Hickory, North Carolina (Carroll's catalog essay reprinted from Southwest Profile, September/October 1986)
*Seavey, Kent, ''Monterey, The Artist's View: 1925 - 1945,'' Monterey Peninsula Museum of Art November 6 - December 31, 1982.
*Kirk, Chauncey, A., 'Bohemia Rendezvous, Nineteenth-Century Monterey: California's First Artists Colony,' ''Cupertino: The American'' ''West Magazine'', 1979,37-44.
*Ingraham, John Douglas, ''William S. Barnett (1854–1927): Paintings of the Sea and Shore,'' The Schenectady Museum, Schenectady, New York, November 25, 1978 – February 4, 1979 (Exhibition Catalog)
*Spangenberg, Helen, ''Yesterday's Artists on the Monterey Peninsula: Monterey, Monterey Peninsula Museum,'' 1976, Pg. 16-22, Monterey Peninsula Museum of Art
*''Mahorini Young, Paul Dougherty, Macbeth Gallery,'' Art News 29, February 29, 1931 (Exhibition Review)
*Exhibition of Watercolors by Distinguished American Artists, December 8, 1925 – January 4, 1926, Exhibition Catalog, Macbeth Gallery, New York, New York (Three California scenes listed in exhibition catalog)
*''9th Annual Exhibition at the Detroit Institute of the Arts,'' Exhibition Catalog, April 11-May 23, 1923 (Dougherty exhibits #29 "Dahlias and Gladiolas")
*American Magazine of Art, January–December, 1921 (Watercolor Exhibition at Metropolitan Museum of Art, Dougherty with Homer, Sargent, etc.)
*American Watercolors at the Brooklyn Museum: The Arts, Volume 2, November, 1921 (Exhibition Review, Dougherty included)
*Rihani, Ameen, 'The Marines of Paul Dougherty,' ''The International Studio,'' No, 73, April, 1921 (Feature Article)
* Watercolors by Nine American Artists, Exhibition Catalog, Memorial Art Gallery, Rochester, New York, January, 1921 (Four works by Dougherty)
*''Exhibition of American Painters'' announcement, Cleveland Museum of Art Bulletin, Volume 7-8, Cleveland, Ohio, 1920 (Dougherty in traveling show drawn from AIC Annual that went to Toronto and Cleveland)
*''1920 United States Federal Census,'' Ancestry.Com
*'In the Galleries,' ''International Studio,'' Volume 66, Number 264, February, 1919, page cxxvii, John Lane, Company, London (Brief review of Macbeth exhibition with Charles H. Davis)
*McCormick, William B., 'Paul Dougherty: Rebel to Classification,' ''Arts and Decoration 8,'' Pages 251-254, April 1918 (Feature Article)
*'Founder's Day Exhibition at the Carnegie Institute' in Notes, ''American Magazine of Art,'' July, 1918, American Federation of the Arts, Washington, D.C. (Exhibition of Stimmel Collection, purchased from annual exhibitions including Dougherty)
*''Catalog of Contemporary American Paintings and the Permanent Collection,'' Memorial Art Gallery, Rochester, New York, Pg. 10, July–September, 1917 (Dougherty's 'Coast of Cornwall' recorded at #4 of Permanent Collection)
*'Landscapes and Ocean Scenes by Paul Dougherty' Art Notes, ''New York Times,'' December 13, 1916, New York, New York (Review of Dougherty's solo watercolors at exhibition at Macbeth Galleries)
*'Exhibition at Mystic,' in Notes, ''American Magazine of Art,'' November, 1916, American Federation of the Arts, Washington, D.C. (Notes that Dougherty is among exhibitors in 3rd Annual Exhibition)
* Brinton, Christian, 'Impressions of Art' at the Panama-Pacific Exposition, John Lane, Company, 1916 (Review of World's Fair Art Exhibition by prominent art writer)
* 29th Annual Exhibition of American Oil Paintings and Sculpture, The Art Institute of Chicago, Exhibition Catalog, AIC, Chicago, Illinois, 1916 (Dougherty has 'October Morning' in catalog)
*'Art in Toledo: American Artists in Toledo,' ''American Magazine of Art,'' Vol. 7, Pg 250-1, April, 1916 (Exhibition of American artists including Dougherty)
*Ward, Felicia, 'Hyblas Bees: An Art Colony in the Catskills,' ''American Magazine of Art,'' Volume 7, Pg. 324-7, June 1916, American Federation of the Arts, Washington, D.C. (Article on Catskill colony mentions Dougherty, Carson, Murphy)
*'New Items, City Art Museum St. Louis,' ''American Magazine of Art,'' Volume 7, Pg. 342, June 1916, American Federation of the Arts, Washington, D.C. ("After the Gale" added to St. Louis permanent collection)
*'Art in Youngstown, Loan Exhibition at Mahoning Institute,' ''American Magazine of Art,'' Volume 7, Pg. 208, 1916, American Federation of the Arts, Washington, D.C. (Loan exhibition including Dougherty)
* 'American Paintings Now on Exhibit,' ''The New York Times,'' January 16, 1916 (Review of Exhibition of Painter Members of the National Arts Club, including painting by Dougherty)
*Permanent Collection, 'Bulletin of the Detroit Museum of Art,' Pg. 3,Volume X, No. 5, January, 1916, Detroit Museum of Art, Detroit, Michigan (He is mentioned as an artist they would like to have in permanent collection)
*'Landscapes and Ocean Scenes by Paul Dougherty,' ''New York Times,'' December 13, 1915 (Review of exhibition at Macbeth Galleries, December 12, 1915 – January 15, 1916)
* 'Preview of 9th Annual Exhibition of American Oil Painters and Sculptors,' ''Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago,'' Volume IX, No. 8, December 1, 1915 (Dougherty was on jury, exhibited out of competition)
*'A Brief Guide to the Department of Fine Arts Panama–Pacific International Exposition,' Michael Williams, Wahlgreen Company, San Francisco, California 1915 (Notes room with four Doughertys at World's Fair)
* 'Art Notes,' ''New York Times,'' April 16, 1914 (Preview of Carnegie International Exhibition makes note that "Paul Dougherty is to be represented by alarge group of marine and landscape subjects")
*''Friends of American Art Loan Exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago,'' Exhibition Catalog, January 8–28, 1914, The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (Dougherty had five works in exhibition)
*
Hoeber, Arthur, 'American Painters of the Sea,' ''The Mentor Magazine,'' July 14, 1913 (Feature on prominent marine painters)
*Prize Paintings in Spring Academy, Paul Dougherty a Winner, ''New York Times,'' April 15, 1913 (Review of National Academy Spring Exhibition, Dougherty wins Inness Award)
*Wyer, Raymond, Paul Dougherty, ''Aesthetics,'' Volume 1, No. 2, January, 1913, Muskegon, Michigan Pg. 31-32 (Column on museum purchase of 'A Golden Light' and a reproduction of the painting)
*''7th Annual Exhibition of Selected American Paintings,'' Exhibition Catalog, City Art Museum, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 1912 (Dougherty resume included, he exhibited "Base of the Cliff")
*'List of Accessions, May 20-June 20, 1911,' ''Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art,'' 1911, New York, New York (Lists Dougherty's "October Seas" as a new accession)
*Harrison, Birge, 'Some Recent Tendencies in Marine Painting,' ''Scribner's Magazine,'' Volume XLIX, Pages 469-477, January–June, 1911, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York (Article on marine painters, Dougherty, Carlsen, Woodbury, Waugh, Harrison are selected and discussed)
*Baliey, Henry Turner, 'The Virile Compositions of Paul Dougherty,' cited in column on ''The International Studio,'' School Arts, September 1908-June 1909, Volume 8, Page 408, Davis Press, Worster, Massachusetts, 1909
*Rockwell, Edwin, A., 'Paul Dougherty - Painter of Marines: An Appreciation,' ''International Studio,'' Volume XXXVI, No. 141, John Lane Company, London, November, 1908 (Feature Article)
*Museum Notes, in Academy Notes, Volume 4, Issue 10, Page 180, 1908 (Review of PAFA 104th Exhibition where Dougherty served on the jury)
*'With the Artists, Current Art Here and Abroad,' ''New York Times,'' February 17, 1907 (Results of Dougherty's exhibition at Macbeth's Gallery)
External links
Paul Dougherty Feature in The International Studio, 1909Several older exhibition catalogs featuring Doughertyfrom The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dougherty, Paul
19th-century American painters
American male painters
20th-century American painters
American Impressionist painters
American marine artists
Painters from California
1877 births
1947 deaths
People from Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
19th-century American male artists
20th-century American male artists