Paul de La Barthe de Thermes or de Termes (1482–1562), also Paul de Terme or Maréchal de Thermes, was a French Army

Marshal Marshal is a term used in several official titles in various branches of society. As marshals became trusted members of the courts of Medieval Europe, the title grew in reputation. During the last few centuries, it has been used for elevated o ...

("Maréchal").

Reign of Henri II

Rough Wooing

In June 1549, de Thermes was sent to

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...

to help in the war against

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

now called the

Rough Wooing The Rough Wooing (December 1543 – March 1551), also known as the Eight Years' War, was part of the Anglo-Scottish Wars of the 16th century. Following its break with the Roman Catholic Church, England attacked Scotland, partly to break the ...

. He was instructed to continue the fortification of border strongholds, and came with massive reinforcements, munitions and money. De Thermes began the construction of an artillery fort at Luffness near Aberlady to prevent English supplies reaching Haddington. The Scottish leader Regent Arran came to stay at

Carberry Tower Carberry Tower is a historic house in East Lothian, Scotland. The house is situated off the A6124 road, south-east of Musselburgh. Carberry, like Musselburgh is in the parish of Inveresk. It is protected as a Category B listed building. His ...

and Seton Palace to see the works commence. De Thermes was helped at the site by a Scottish pursuivant Alexander Ross.

Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassilis Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassilis ( ) (12 May 1515 – 15 November 1558) was Scottish landowner, soldier, politician, and judge. He served as Treasurer of Scotland. Biography The son of Gilbert Kennedy, 2nd Earl of Cassilis, he succeeded ...

was lieutenant of the Scottish force there. There was a scare that English soldiers would over-run the building site on 23 June. Men were summoned from as far away as

Perth Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth is ...

and Strathearn. On 25 June the lairds of East and West Lothian were asked to provide workmen for the fort. On 4 July another proclamation responded to a scare that English forces had entered Scotland to supply Haddington and destroy the new fort. In July it was said that Arran had threatened the Laird of Beele near

Dunbar Dunbar () is a town on the North Sea coast in East Lothian in the south-east of Scotland, approximately east of Edinburgh and from the English border north of Berwick-upon-Tweed. Dunbar is a former royal burgh, and gave its name to an ecc ...

to make him send his villagers to work on the fort. In August, four cannons were brought from Inveresk to Luffness. An English officer, Thomas Holcroft, wrote to Lord Protector Somerset that they should burn the town of Peebles to welcome de Termes. Holcroft reported that de Termes had visited

Stirling Castle Stirling Castle, located in Stirling, is one of the largest and most important castles in Scotland, both historically and architecturally. The castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological ...

to advise on its defences. He was camped at

Longniddry Longniddry ( sco, Langniddry, gd, Nuadh-Treabh Fada)
...

and Aberlady, and had also visited Dunbar Castle. While he was at Dunbar, his escort skirmished with English cavalry, and the Laird of Scoughall was shot. De Termes planned to have troops at Elveston and Ormiston near the English-garrisoned town of Haddington, at Dunbar, Luffness, and

Musselburgh Musselburgh (; sco, Musselburrae; gd, Baile nam Feusgan) is the largest settlement in East Lothian, Scotland, on the coast of the Firth of Forth, east of Edinburgh city centre. It has a population of . History The name Musselburgh is Ol ...

. Subsequently, the English abandoned their occupation of Haddington and de Thermes and Regent Arran walked in.

Mary of Guise Mary of Guise (french: Marie de Guise; 22 November 1515 – 11 June 1560), also called Mary of Lorraine, was a French noblewoman of the House of Guise, a cadet branch of the House of Lorraine and one of the most powerful families in France. She ...

was triumphant, writing that, "the English had left nothing behind but the plague." De Thermes led the successful assault on the English fort at Broughty Castle on Wednesday 6 February 1550. Following a recommendation by Mary of Guise on 30 September 1549,Michaud & Poujoulat, ''Nouvelle Collection pour servir a l'Histoire de France'', vol 6 (1839), 12
/ref> he was made a knight of the

Order of St Michael , status = Abolished by decree of Louis XVI on 20 June 1790Reestablished by Louis XVIII on 16 November 1816Abolished in 1830 after the July RevolutionRecognised as a dynastic order of chivalry by the ICOC , founder = Louis XI of France , h ...

for his service in Scotland.

Italian wars

He led the French effort in the Invasion of Corsica in 1553. The Ottoman fleet supported the French by ferrying the French troops under Marshal de Thermes from Siennese Maremma to Corsica.''The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II'', Fernand Braudel, p. 928''ff'

/ref> The Ottoman fleet of Dragut was at that time party to a Franco-Ottoman alliance. Paul de Thermes lost the Battle of Gravelines in 1558.

Reign of Charles IX

He died in Paris on 6 May 1562.

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thermes, Paul De 1482 births 1562 deaths Marshals of France French people of the Rough Wooing