Pattani, also known as Manchad, is an endangered
Sino-Tibetan
Sino-Tibetan, also cited as Trans-Himalayan in a few sources, is a family of more than 400 languages, second only to Indo-European in number of native speakers. The vast majority of these are the 1.3 billion native speakers of Chinese languages. ...
language spoken in the
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
n
state
State may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Literature
* ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State
* ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States
* ''Our S ...
of
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh (; ; "Snow-laden Mountain Province") is a state in the northern part of India. Situated in the Western Himalayas, it is one of the thirteen mountain states and is characterized by an extreme landscape featuring several peaks ...
.
Names
The language has a variety of names, the most prominent being Manchati, Manchad kad, Patani, Mellog kad, Chamba Lahuli, Swangla, Songloboli or Changsapa Boli. Its native name is ''Hendubhashe''. The Indian census erroneously includes the language as a dialect of
Gujarati
Gujarati may refer to:
* something of, from, or related to Gujarat, a state of India
* Gujarati people, the major ethnic group of Gujarat
* Gujarati language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by them
* Gujarati languages, the Western Indo-Aryan sub- ...
.
Distribution
Pattani is spoken in the Lahul Valley, Pattan, Chamba-Lahul, and lower Mayar valleys. There are also some speakers in
Kullu
Kullu is a municipal council town that serves as the administrative headquarters of the Kullu district of the states and union territories of India, Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It is located on the banks of the Beas River in the Kullu Va ...
and
Manali cities, and in
Kishtwar district,
Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir may refer to:
* Kashmir, the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent
* Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), a region administered by India as a union territory
* Jammu and Kashmir (state), a region administered ...
.
General information
There are about 10,000 people in the western Himalayas who speak the Pattani Language. Pattani Language has several names. One of them is Manchad, which was given by the Tod valley people who live in the area where Manchad was originated. The religious belief of Manchad speakers is either Hinduism or Buddhism. Almost all of them can speak English or Hindi, and Manchad is being increasingly restricted to home use only. Because there is no written tradition in Manchad, the article resources and stories of Manchad are usually recorded in Hindi or Tibetan orthography.
Grammar
# The three-way contrast in number: singular, dual and plural.
# Gender is not grammatical and is lexically based.
# The verbal agreement system: person-number elements are indicated in verbs.
# The sentence structure: simple, compound and complex sentences.
# Pattani Language has complex pronominalisation and a complex verbal system.
Syntax
Pattani word order is
subject–object–verb
Subject ( la, subiectus "lying beneath") may refer to:
Philosophy
*'' Hypokeimenon'', or ''subiectum'', in metaphysics, the "internal", non-objective being of a thing
**Subject (philosophy), a being that has subjective experiences, subjective con ...
(SOV)
Dialects
''Ethnologue'' lists three Pattani dialects.
*Chamba-Lahuli (Western Pattani)
*Eastern Pattani
*Central Pattani
There are 3 caste dialects, namely Pandit-Rajput, Harijan, and Lohar. The lower castes can understand Pandit-Rajput, but not vice versa.
References
*
{{Bodic languages
Languages of Himachal Pradesh
West Himalayish languages
Endangered languages of India