The Patriotic Salvation Movement ( ar, الحركة الوطنية للإنقاذ, french: Mouvement patriotique du salut, MPS) is the ruling
political party
A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology ...
in
Chad
Chad (; ar, تشاد , ; french: Tchad, ), officially the Republic of Chad, '; ) is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic ...
.
History
After
Idriss Déby
Idriss Déby Itno ' (18 June 1952 – 20 April 2021) was a Chadian politician and military officer who was the president of Chad from 1990 until his death in 2021.
Déby was a member of the Bidayat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. A high-ranki ...
, an army commander who participated in an unsuccessful plot against President
Hissène Habré
Hissène Habré (Arabic: ''Ḥusaīn Ḥabrī'', Chadian Arabic: ; ; 13 August 1942 – 24 August 2021), also spelled Hissen Habré, was a Chadian politician and convicted war criminal who served as the 5th president of Chad from 1982 unt ...
in 1989, fled to
Sudan
Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t ...
, he and his supporters, known as the 1 April Movement, operated from Sudan with
Libya
Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya bo ...
n backing and carried out attacks across the border into Chad. The MPS was founded in Sudan on 10 March 1990 through the merger of the 1 April Movement with other anti-Habre groups in exile. After a successful offensive in November 1990, Déby and the MPS came to power on 2 December 1990, when their forces entered
N'Djamena
N'Djamena ( ) is the capital and largest city of Chad. It is also a special statute region, divided into 10 districts or ''arrondissements''.
The city serves as the centre of economic activity in Chad. Meat, fish and cotton processing are the ...
, the Chadian capital.
[Bernard Lanne, "Chad: Regime Change, Increased Insecurity, and Blockage of Further Reforms", ''Political Reform in Francophone Africa'' (1997), ed. Clark and Gardinier, pages 274–275.]
Déby was the MPS candidate in the
1996 presidential election and won in a second round. He was again the MPS candidate in the
presidential election
A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President.
Elections by country
Albania
The president of Albania is elected by the Assembly of Albania who are elected by the Albanian public.
Chile
The pre ...
of 20 May 2001, receiving 63.2% of the vote. In the
parliamentary election
A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...
held on 21 April 2002, the MPS won according to
IPU Parline 113 out of 155 seats. In the
May 2006 presidential election, Déby was re-elected with 64.7% of the vote.
Electoral history
Presidential elections
National Assembly elections
See also
*
Agnes Allafi
Agnes Allafi (born January 21, 1959) is a Chadian politician and sociologist. During her political career, Allafi was the Minister of Social Services two times between the late 1990s to early 2000s.
Background
Allafi's father was an officer in Fr ...
Notes
References
Political parties in Chad
Political parties established in 1990
{{Chad-stub