![Korela Fort](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Korela_Fort.JPG)
Patrikey Glebovich or Patrikas Narimantaitis ( rus, Патрикей Глебович, Finnish: ''Patrika Narimantinpoika'') was a grandson (or great grandson) of
Gediminas
Gediminas ( la, Gedeminne, ; – December 1341) was the king or Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1315 or 1316 until his death. He is credited with founding this political entity and expanding its territory which later spanned the area ranging from t ...
who exchanged his lands in and near
Starodub
Starodub ( rus, links=no, Староду́б, p=stərɐˈdup, ''old oak'') is a town in Bryansk Oblast, Russia, on the Babinets River (the Dnieper basin), southwest of Bryansk. Population: 16,000 (1975).
History
Starodub has been known ...
in
Siveria
Severia or Siveria ( orv, Сѣверія, russian: Северщина, translit=Severshchina, uk, Сіверія or , translit. ''Siveria'' or ''Sivershchyna'') is a historical region in present-day southwest Russia, northern Ukraine, eastern ...
for the
Korela
Korela Fortress (Russian language, Russian: Корела, Finnish language, Finnish: ''Käkisalmen linna'', Swedish language, Swedish: ''Kexholms slott''), at the town of Priozersk, Leningrad Oblast, Russia.
Origin
The original fortification wa ...
and
Oreshek
Shlisselburg ( rus, Шлиссельбу́рг, p=ʂlʲɪsʲɪlʲˈburk; german: Schlüsselburg; fi, Pähkinälinna; sv, Nöteborg), formerly Oreshek (Орешек) (1323–1611) and Petrokrepost (Петрокрепость) (1944–1992), is ...
fortresses in the
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east, including the city of Novgorod and the Lake Ladoga regions of m ...
. He also founded the town of
Yamskaya krepost (Yamburg) (now Kingisepp) near
Pskov
Pskov ( rus, Псков, a=pskov-ru.ogg, p=pskof; see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population ...
. His male line descendants include the
Golitsyn,
Kurakin
The House of Kurakin (russian: Куракин) is a name of an old, historical Russian princely family descended from Lithuanian dynasty of Gediminas and it's also a masculine surname. Its feminine counterpart is Kurakina.
Notable members
* Pri ...
, and princely houses of Russia.
Life
Patrikas was born sometime around 1340 and died after 1408, which is the last time he is mentioned in any source. Genealogical literature usually reports that his mother was a
khatun
Khatun ( Mongolian: хатан; otk, 𐰴𐰍𐰣, katun; ota, خاتون, hatun or قادین ''kadın''; fa, خاتون ''khātūn''; ; hi, ख़ातून ') is a female title of nobility and counterpart to " khan" or "Khagan" prominen ...
from
Crimea
Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...
. An 18th-century author claims that her father was khan
Tokhta
Tokhta (Toqta, Toktu, Tokhtai, Tochtu or Tokhtogha) (died ) was a khan of the Golden Horde, son of Mengu-Timur and great-grandson of Batu Khan.
His name "Tokhtokh" means "hold/holding" in the Mongolian language.
Early reign under Nogai
In 1 ...
,
Batu Khan
Batu Khan ( – 1255),, ''Bat haan'', tt-Cyrl, Бату хан; ; russian: хан Баты́й was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi, thus a grandson of Genghis Khan. ...
's great-grandson, and her mother was Maria Palaiologina, a bastard daughter of
Andronikos II Palaiologos
, image = Andronikos II Palaiologos2.jpg
, caption = Miniature from the manuscript of George Pachymeres' ''Historia''
, succession = Byzantine emperor
, reign = 11 December 1282 –24 May 1328
, coronation = 8 Novembe ...
. Patrikas' wife was named Helena (see ES by Schwennicke; and Ikonnikov).
In 19th century genealogical literature about him there has arisen a controversy as to who was Patrikas' father: was he a son of
Narimantas
Narimantas or Narymunt (baptized ''Gleb''; 1277 or just before 1300 (according to Wasilewski 1992) – 2 February 1348) was the second eldest son of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania. During various periods of his life, he ruled Pinsk and Polats ...
, or a son of Alexander, himself a son of Narimantas. Some 19th century Russian literature chose to report Alexander as the father, whereas 20th century standard literature such as Ikonnikov and
Europäische Stammtafeln ''Europäische Stammtafeln'' - German for ''European Family Trees'' - is a series of twenty-nine books which contain sets of genealogical tables of the most influential families of Medieval European history. It is a standard reference work for thos ...
continue to report Narimantas as Patrikas' father. The source authored closer to the lifetime of Patrikas himself, in the 14th–15th centuries, namely the
chronicle of Novgorod, explicitly calls him Patrika son of Narimant when reporting his holding of castles in 1383–1384.
In the 1380s, Patrikas arrived to
Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod ( rus, links=no, Великий Новгород, t=Great Newtown, p=vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət), also known as just Novgorod (), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the ol ...
to claim the inheritance of his father,
Narimantas
Narimantas or Narymunt (baptized ''Gleb''; 1277 or just before 1300 (according to Wasilewski 1992) – 2 February 1348) was the second eldest son of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania. During various periods of his life, he ruled Pinsk and Polats ...
. He was ceded the fiefs of
Korela
Korela Fortress (Russian language, Russian: Корела, Finnish language, Finnish: ''Käkisalmen linna'', Swedish language, Swedish: ''Kexholms slott''), at the town of Priozersk, Leningrad Oblast, Russia.
Origin
The original fortification wa ...
,
Oreshek
Shlisselburg ( rus, Шлиссельбу́рг, p=ʂlʲɪsʲɪlʲˈburk; german: Schlüsselburg; fi, Pähkinälinna; sv, Nöteborg), formerly Oreshek (Орешек) (1323–1611) and Petrokrepost (Петрокрепость) (1944–1992), is ...
,
Koporye Koporye (russian: Копорье; Finnish: ''Kaprio''; sv, Koporje) is a historic village ('' selo'') in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located about west of St. Petersburg and south of the Koporye Bay of the Baltic Sea. Its population in 2017 w ...
,
Luga, and
Ladoga. He held practically all the "
Votian land" as a
fief
A fief (; la, feudum) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an Lord, overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a for ...
from the
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east, including the city of Novgorod and the Lake Ladoga regions of m ...
. The Novgorodians kept the lands of Patrikas as a sort of
buffer state
A buffer state is a country geographically lying between two rival or potentially hostile great powers. Its existence can sometimes be thought to prevent conflict between them. A buffer state is sometimes a mutually agreed upon area lying between t ...
between their republic and
Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
(see
Swedish-Novgorodian Wars). Patrikas helped fortify the northwestern borders of the trade republic and built the fortress of
Yam in the Luga district.
Europaeus (1859) reports that the commoners of Karelia still remembered their former Lithuanian rulers: "These Lithuanians held long ago the land of Karelia under their dominion, and it is still remembered by the local folks. It is said they had a treasury barn in
Ilomantsi
Ilomantsi ( krl, Il'manči or Ilomančči, sv, Ilomants) is municipality and a village of Finland. It is located in the North Karelia region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population densi ...
, a building with iron doors, where they stored their tax revenues. And there is a tale that during a retreat from a robbing expedition to the borders by these Lithuanians, their one boat, full of silver, wrecked and drowned in
Suojärvi
Suoyarvi (russian: Суоя́рви; krl, Suojärvi; fi, Suojärvi) is a town and the administrative center of Suoyarvsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located northwest of Petrozavodsk. Population:
History
It is known tha ...
."
In 1386, Patrikas helped defend Veliki Novgorod and its territories against the attacks of
Dmitry Donskoy
Saint Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy ( rus, Дми́трий Ива́нович Донско́й, Dmítriy Ivanovich Donskóy, also known as Dimitrii or Demetrius), or Dmitry of the Don, sometimes referred to simply as Dmitry (12 October 1350 – 1 ...
, ruler of Moscow, who held Patrikas responsible for inciting the
ushkuiniki
Ushkuyniks (russian: ушкуйники), also ushkuiniks were medieval Novgorod Republic, Novgorodian pirates which operated along the Volga River, the eastern part of Scandinavia, and north of the Ural Mountains, Ural mountains in 12th-15th ce ...
(pirate) raids along the
Volga River
The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the List of rivers of Europe#Rivers of Europe by length, longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Cas ...
. Two years later, the Novgorodian government (probably under pressure from Moscow) gave the fiefs of
Ladoga and
Russa to another Lithuanian princeling,
Lengvenis
Lengvenis (''Simeon Lingwen'', born ca. 1360 – died after 1431; be, Лугвен-Сымон, Łuhvien; russian: Лугвений, Лугвен, Лугвень, Lugven(y), pl, Lingwen Semen Olgierdowicz) was one of the sons of Algirdas, Grand D ...
, son of
Algirdas
Algirdas ( be, Альгерд, Alhierd, uk, Ольгерд, Ольґерд, Olherd, Olgerd, pl, Olgierd; – May 1377) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania. He ruled the Lithuanians and Ruthenians from 1345 to 1377. With the help of his bro ...
. Patrikas continued to rule Korela. In 1396 he went to Veliki Novgorod in order to meet
Yuri of Smolensk.
In 1408, the elderly duke Patrikas, accompanied by his younger sons, George and Theodore, was ceremoniously welcomed in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
by its ruler
Vasili I
Vasily I Dmitriyevich ( rus, Василий I Дмитриевич, Vasiliy I Dmitriyevich; 30 December 137127 February 1425) was the Grand Prince of Moscow ( r. 1389–1425), heir of Dmitry Donskoy (r. 1359–1389). He ruled as a Golden Horde ...
(himself son of Dimitri Donskoi). George married
Vasili I's daughter and was made his trusted advisor. Duke Patrikas' descendants (such as
Daniil Shchenya
Prince Daniil Vasiliyevich Shchenya (; Unknown – after 1515) was a Russian military leader during the reigns of Ivan III and Vasili III.
Career
Shchenya was a Gediminid princeling whose great grandfather was a son of Patrikas, who settled i ...
and
Vassian Patrikeyev
Vassian Patrikeyev, also known as Vassian Kosoy (''Вассиан Патрикеев'', ''Вассиан Косой'' in Russian; real name – knyaz ''Василий Иванович Патрикеев'', or Vasili Ivanovich Patrikeyev) (c. 1470 ...
) actually held, during several generations afterwards, estates in the Votian
fifth and in the region of
Pskov
Pskov ( rus, Псков, a=pskov-ru.ogg, p=pskof; see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population ...
.
Sources and external links
* Ikonnikov, Nicolas F.: ''La noblesse de Russie'' part C
* Schwennicke, Detlev: ''Europaische Stammtafeln : Stammtafeln zur geschichte der europaischen staaten. Neue Folge Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln'', vol III/1. Verlag von J. A. Stargardt
Русский биографический словарь Russki biografitšeski slovar, by Alexander Polovtsov, 1896–1918* A.J. Europaeus, 1859, Karjalan ajan-tiedot Täysinän rauhaan asti, vuonna 1595, Aschan
ww = https://archive.today/20121208230953/http://www.salakirjat.net/karjalan_ajan-tiedot.html (in Finnish)(in Russian)* Chronicle of Novgorod
* Sjöström (2011), Liettuan gediminidien suomensukuiset geneettiset juuret. ISSN 1239-3487, Donelaitis – Donelaitis-seuran, Liettuan Ystävät ryn lehti 1/2011, ss 16..18
{{more footnotes, date=September 2011
1340 births
15th-century deaths
Gediminids
14th-century Lithuanian nobility
15th-century Lithuanian nobility