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A pastoral lease, sometimes called a pastoral run, is an arrangement used in both
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
and New Zealand where government-owned
Crown land Crown land (sometimes spelled crownland), also known as royal domain, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies the Crown. It is the equivalent of an entailed estate and passes with the monarchy, being inseparable from it. ...
is leased out to graziers for the purpose of livestock grazing on rangelands.


Australia

Pastoral leases exist in both Australian commonwealth law and state jurisdictions. They do not give all the rights that attach to freehold land: there are usually conditions which include a time period and the type of activity permitted. According to Austrade, such leases cover about 44% of
mainland Australia Mainland Australia is the main landmass of the Australian continent, excluding the Aru Islands, New Guinea, Tasmania, and other Australian offshore islands. The landmass also constitutes the mainland of the territory governed by the Commonwealt ...
(), mostly in arid and semi-arid regions and the tropical
savannah A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the Canopy (forest), canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to rea ...
s. They usually allow people to use the land for grazing traditional livestock, but more recently have been also used for non-traditional livestock (such as kangaroos or
camel A camel (from: la, camelus and grc-gre, κάμηλος (''kamēlos'') from Hebrew or Phoenician: גָמָל ''gāmāl''.) is an even-toed ungulate in the genus ''Camelus'' that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back. C ...
s), tourism and other activities. Management of the leases falls mainly to state and territory governments. Under Commonwealth of Australia law, applicable only in the Northern Territory, they are agreements that allow for the use of Crown land by farmers, etc. In the Australian states, leases constitute a land apportionment system created in the mid-19th century to facilitate the orderly division and sale of land to European colonists. Leases within state jurisdictions have variations as to applicability from state to state. Native title can co-exist with pastoral leases, and Indigenous land use agreements may be made between the leaseholder and the affected native title group. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation has conducted research on pastoral lands in the terms of the lands as ''rangelands'' on a country-wide basis.


Relevant legislation and management

Australian jurisdictions have land management legislation that affects the administration of pastoral leases: * New South Wales - ''Western Lands Act 1901'' * Northern Territory – ''Pastoral Land Act 1992'' and ''Crown Lands Act 1992'' * Queensland – ''Land Act 1994'' * South Australia – '' Pastoral Land Management and Conservation Act 1989'' and ''Crown Lands Act 1929'' * Western Australia – ''Land Administration Act 1997''


Pastoral lease information

* Northern Territory * Queensland * South Australia * Western Australia - see List of Pastoral leases in Western Australia


New Zealand

The statutory provisions of pastoral leases are covered by the New Zealand '' Crown Pastoral Land Act 1998'' and the '' Land Act 1948''. The holder of the lease has: * the exclusive right of pasturage * a perpetual right of renewal of the lease for terms of 33 years * no right to the soil, and * no right to acquire the
fee simple In English law, a fee simple or fee simple absolute is an estate in land, a form of freehold ownership. A "fee" is a vested, inheritable, present possessory interest in land. A "fee simple" is real property held without limit of time (i.e., perm ...
of any of the land. Pastoral leases are undergoing a voluntary tenure review process.


See also

* Cattle station * Sheep station * List of pastoral leases in Western Australia


References

{{Reflist Australian property law Australian English Livestock in Australia Pastoral Agriculture in New Zealand