Purpose
A ''parashah'' break creates a textual pause, roughly analogous to a modernHistory
''Parashot'' appear in manuscripts as early as theSpacing techniques
In most modern Torah scrolls and Jewish editions of the Bible, there are two types of ''parashot'', an "open portion" (''parashah petuhah'') and a "closed portion" (''parashah setumah''). An "open portion" is roughly similar to a modern paragraph: The text of the previous portion ends before the end of the column (leaving a space at the end of the line), and the new "open" portion starts at the beginning of the next line (but with no indentation). A "closed portion", on the other hand, leaves a space in the ''middle'' of the line of text, where the previous portion ends before the space, and the next portion starts after it, towards the end of the line of text. In some manuscripts and in many printed editions, an "open portion" (''petuhah'') is abbreviated with the Hebrew letter "פ" (''peh''), and a "closed portion" (''setumah'') with the Hebrew letter "ס" (''samekh''), often in place of the visual gap in the line. Rough English equivalents are "P" and "S" respectively. In masoretic codices and in medieval scrolls, these two spacing techniques allowed for a larger range of options: * An "open portion" ''always started at the beginning of a new line''. This could happen the way described above, but also by leaving a ''blank line'' between the two portions, thus allowing the previous portion to sometimes entirely fill its last line of text. * A "closed portion" ''never began at the beginning of a line''. This could happen as in modern scrolls (a space in the middle of a line), but also by the previous portion ending before the end of the line, and the new portion beginning on the next line after an indentation. Open portions often seem to reflect the beginning of a new topic or a major subdivision within a biblical book, while closed portions seem to reflect smaller units or minor subdivisions. Most printed Hebrew bibles today represent the ''parashot'' using the more limited techniques found in typical modern Torah scrolls: A space in the middle of a line for a closed portion, and beginning at the start of the next line for an open portion (not a blank line). A notable exception is ''TheHalakhic significance
Validity of scrolls
According to the ruling of Maimonides (''Laws of Tefillin, Mezuzah and Torah Scrolls'' 10:1), any error regarding a ''parashah'' completely invalidates a Torah scroll. This includes a ''parashah'' in the wrong place, of the wrong type, or a missing ''parashah''. However, there is also a responsum by Maimonides in which he ruled that one may recite a blessing over reading from an invalid scroll, based on the reasoning that the commandment is in the reading itself, not in the text being read from. Maimonides' strict ruling that any error in the ''parashot'' completely invalidates a Torah scroll led to a majorRules and customs for public reading
One basic halakhic rule for public reading of the Torah is that no fewer than three verses at a time be read. As a corollary to this, there is a specific rule regarding ''parashot'': One may not leave off reading less than three verses before the end of a ''parashah'', nor may one end off reading by starting a new ''parashah'' but leaving off less than three verses from its beginning. When a Torah portion is read in public from aTorah
Due to the influence ofGenesis
* Bereishit (parsha), Parashat Bereshit (Genesis 1:1–6:8): ** Seven days:1:1–5 1:6–8 1:9–13 1:14–19 1:20–23 1:24–31 2:1–3 ** 2:4–3:15 3:16 3:17–21 3:22–24 4:1–26 ** From Adam to Noah: 5:1–5 5:6–8 5:9–11 5:12–14 5:15–17 5:18–20 5:21–24 5:25–27 5:28–31 5:32; 6:1–4 ** 6:5–8 * Parashat Noach (Genesis 6:9–11:32): ** 6:9–12 6:13–22; 7:1–24; 8:1–14 8:15–22; 9:1–7 9:8–17 9:18–29 10:1–14 10:15–20 10:21–32 11:1–9 ** From Noah to Abraham: 11:10–11 11:12–13 11:14–15 11:16–17 11:18–19 11:20–21 11:22–23 11:24–25 11:26–32 * Parashat Lekh Lekha (Genesis 12:1–17:27): ** 12:1–9 12:10–20;13:1–18 14:1–24 15:1–21 16:1–16 17:1–14 17:15–27 * Parashat Vayera (Genesis 18:1–22:24): ** 18:1–33; 19:1–38 20:1–18 21:1–21 21:22–34 22:1–19 22:20–24 * Parashat Chayyei Sarah (Genesis 23:1–25:18): ** 23:1–20 24:1–67 (Eliezer & Rebeccah) 25:1–11 25:12–18 * Parashat Toledot (Genesis 25:19–28:9): ** 25:19–34 26:1–33 26:34–35 27:1–46;28:1–9 (blessings of Isaac & Jacob; see image) * Parashat Vayetzei (Genesis 28:10–32:3): ** 28:10–22; 29:1–35; 30:1–43; 31:1–54; 32:1–3 (Jacob in Haran) * Parashat Vayishlach (Genesis 32:4–36:43): ** 32:4–33; 33:1–17 33:18–20 34:1–31 35:1–8 35:9–22a 33:22b–29 36:1–19 36:20–43 * Parashat Vayeshev (Genesis 37–40): ** 37:1–36 38:1–30 39:1–23 40:1–23 * Parashat Miketz (Genesis 41:1–44:17): ** 41:1–57; 42:1–38; 43:1–34; 44:1–17 (Joseph in Egypt) * Parashat Vayigash (Genesis 44:18–47:27) and Parashat Vayechi (Genesis 47:28–50:26):'' Parashat Vayechi'' is the only one of the weekly Torah readings whose opening verse (Genesis 47:28) is not the beginning of an open or a closed section. Its ''parashot'' are thus listed here sequentially along with those of the previous weekly reading. ** 44:18–34; 45:1–28; 46:1–7 (Reconciliation) 46:8–27 46:28–34; 47:1–31 48:1–22 ** Jacob's blessings: 49:1–4 49:5–7 49:8–12 49:13 49:14–15 49:16–18 49:19 49:20 49:21 49:22–26 49:27–33; 50:1–26 Variants: *Exodus
* Shemot (parsha), Parashat Shemot (Exodus 1:1–6:1): ** 1:1–7 1:8–22 2:1–22 2:23–25 3:1–22; 4:1–17 4:18–26 4:27–31; 5:1–23; 6:1 * Parashat Va'era (Exodus 6:2–9:35): ** 6:2–9 6:10–12 6:13 6:14–28 6:29–30 7:1–7 7:8–13 7:14–18 7:19–25 7:26–29;8:1–11 8:12–15 8:16–28 9:1–7 9:8–12 9:13–21 9:22–35 * Parashat Bo (Exodus 10:1–13:16): ** 10:1–11 10:12–20 10:21–29 11:1–3 11:4–8 11:9–10 12:1–20 12:21–28 12:29–36 12:37–42 12:43–50 12:51 13:1–10 13:11–16 * Parashat Beshallach (Exodus 13:17–17:16): ** 13:17–22 14:1–14 14:15–25 14:26–31 ** Song of the Sea: 15:1–19 ** 15:20–26 15:27;16:1–3 16:4–10 16:11–27 16:28–36 17:1–7 17:8–13 17:14–16 * Parashat Yitro (Exodus 18:1–20:23): ** 18:1–27 19:1–24 ** Ten Commandments: 20:1 וידבר 20:2–5 אנכי 20:6 לא תשא 20:7–10 זכור 20:11 כבד 20:12a לא תרצח 20:12b לא תנאף 20:12c לא תגנב 20:12d לא תענה 20:13a לא תחמד בית רעך 20:13b לא תחמד אשת רעך ** 20:14–17 20:18–22 * Parashat Mishpatim (Exodus 21:1–24:18): ** Laws: 21:1–6 21:7–11 21:12–13 21:14 21:15 21:16 21:17 21:18–19 21:20–21 21:22–25 21:26–27 21:28–32 21:33–34 21:35–36 21:37;22:1–3 22:4 22:5 22:6–8 22:9–12 22:13–14 22:15–16 22:17–18 22:19–23 22:24–26 22:27–30 23:1–3 23:4 23:5 23:6–19 ** 23:20–25 23:26–33 24:1–11 24:12–18 * Parashat Terumah (Exodus 25:1–27:19): ** 25:1–9 25;10–22 25:23–30 25:31–40 26:1–14 26:15–30 26:31–37 27:1–8 27:9–19 * Parashat Tetzaveh (Exodus 27:20–30:10): ** 27:20–21 28:1–5 28:6–12 28:13–14 28:15–30 28:31–35 28:36–43 29:1–37 29:38–46 30:1–10 * Parashat Ki Tissa (Exodus 30:11–34:35): ** 30:11–16 30:17–21 30:22–33 30:34–38 31:1–11 31:12–17 31:18;32:1–6 32:7–14 32:15–35 33:1–11 33:12–16 33:17–23 For Exodus 34:1, פסל-לך, the vast majority of accurate Tiberian manuscripts have here instead of (the latter is as listed by Maimonides and found in current Torah scrolls). Testimony about the text of the Aleppo codex when it was still intact (by Kimhi) reveals that the form of the ''parashah'' at this point was a line of text that didn't reach the end of the column, followed at 34:1 by a line that began close to the beginning of the column. Identifying the type of ''parashah'' in such a context depends on whether the reader considers there to be a significant gap at the beginning of the line (in which case it is ''setumah'') or does not consider the gap to be significant (in which case it is ''petuhah''). This form of ''parashah'' is often indicated by a very small indentation in the extant parts of the Aleppo Codex, sometimes no wider than the space of one or two letters. Therefore, Penkower (p. 51 n. 125) and Ofer (pp. 306–307) suggest that Maimonides judged 34:1 to start at the beginning of its line without a significant gap, and was thus followed in later Torah scrolls. Other observers noted it as ''setumah'' (Kimhi, Sithon) or wrote conflicting notations (Amadi). 34:1–26 34:27–35 * Parashat Vayakhel (Exodus 35:1–38:20): ** 35:1–3 35:4–29 35:30–35; 36:1–7 36:8–13 36:14–19 36:20–38 37:1–9 37:10–16 37:17–24 37:25–29 38:1–7 38:8 38:9–20 * Parashat Pekudei (Exodus 38:21–40:38): ** 38:21–23 38:24–31; 39:1 39:2–5 39:6–7 39:8–21 39:22–26 39:27–29 39:30–31 39:32 39:33–43 40:1–16 40:17–19 40:20–21 40:22–23 40:24–25 40:26–27 40:28–29 40:30–32 40:33 40:34–38 Variants: *Leviticus
* Vayikra (parsha), Parashat Vayikra (Leviticus 1:1–5:26): ** 1:1–9 1:10–13 1:14–17 2:1–3 2:4 2:5–6 2:7–13 2:14–16 3:1–5 3:6–11 3:12–17 4:1–12 4:13–21 4:22–26 4:27–31 4:32–35 5:1–10 5:11–13 5:14–16 5:17–19 5:20–26 * Parashat Tzav (Leviticus 6:1–8:36): ** 6:1–6 6:7–11 6:12–16 6:17–23 7:1–10 7:11–21 Ashkenazic and Sephardic Torah scrolls lack an open portion at 7:22 (וידבר... דבר... כל חלב) while Yemenite scrolls have one. Conversely, Yemenite scrolls lack an open portion at 7:28 (וידבר... דבר... המקריב) while Ashkenazic and Sephardic scrolls have one. This situation derives from Maimonides' ambiguous formulation in ''Laws of Tefillin, Mezuzah and Torah Scrolls'', chapter 8, where he lists a series of six consecutive open ''parashot'' at this point in Leviticus, one of them beginning with the words "וידבר... דבר אל בני ישראל" ("The Lord spoke to Moses... Speak to the children of Israel..."). However, there are actually ''two'' places where this is found (Leviticus 7:22 and 7:28), and it is unclear which of them Maimonides was referring to. Thus, the scrolls that have a section break at 7:22 and those with a break at 7:28 are both implementing Maimonides' ambiguous formulation in two different ways. How this formulation by Maimonides accords with the Aleppo Codex has been discussed at length by Ofer (Cassuto, pp. 328–330) and Penkower (''New Evidence'', pp. 76–90). If the Aleppo Codex was indeed missing a ''parashah'' break at either 7:22 or 7:28, that would be unique among the 71 occurrences of "The Lord spoke to Moses..." in the Torah. Furthermore, all other Tiberian masoretic manuscripts have ''parashot'' in both places. Available data on this now-missing part of the codex is as follows: Rabbi Judah Ityah, who examined the codex to answer questions posed byNumbers
* Bamidbar (parsha), Parashat Bemidbar (Numbers 1:1–4:20): ** 1:1–19 1:20–21 1:22–23 1:24–25 1:26–27 1:28–29 1:30–31 1:32–33 1:34–35 1:36–37 1:38–39 1:40–41 1:42–43 1:44–47 1:48–54 2:1–9 2:10–16 2:17 2:18–24 2:25–31 2:32–34 3:1–4 3:5–10 3:11–13 3:14–26 3:27–39 3:40–43 3:44–51 4:1–16 4:17–20 * Parashat Naso (Numbers 4:21–7:89): ** 4:21–28 4:29–37 4:38–49 5:1–4 5:5–10 5:11–31 6:1–21 6:22–23 6:24 6:25 6:26 6:27 7:1–11 7:12–17 7:18–23 7:24–29 7:30–35 7:36–41 7:42–47 7:48–53 7:54–59 7:60–65 7:66–71 7:72–77 7:78–83 7:84–89 * Parashat Beha'alotekha (Numbers 8:1–12:16): ** 8:1–4 8:5–22 8:23–26 9:1–8 9:9–14 9:15–23 10:1–10 10:11–28 10:29–34 נ 10:35–36 נ 11:1–15 11:16–22 11:23–35 12:1–3 12:4–13 12:14–16 * Parashat Shelach (Numbers 13:1–15:41): ** 13:1–33;14:1–10 14:11–25 14:26–45 15:1–16 15:17–21 15:22–26 15:27–31 15:32–34 15:35–36 15:37–41 * Parashat Korach (Numbers 16:1–18:32): ** 16:1–19 16:20–22 16:23–35 17:1–5 17:6–7 17:8–15 17:16–24 17:25–26 17:27–28 18:1–7 18:8–20 18:21–24 18:25–32 * Parashat Chukkat (Numbers 19:1–22:1): ** 19:1–22 20:1–6 20:7–11 20:12–13 20:14–21 20:22–29 21:1–3 21:4–16 21:17–20 21:21–35;22:1 * Parashat Balak (Numbers 22:2–25:9): ** 22:2–41; 23:1–30; 24:1–25 (Balaam & Balak) 25:1–9 * Parashat Pinchas (Numbers 25:10–30:1): ** 25:10–15 25:16–18; 26:1a ** Census: 26:1b–11 26:12–14 26:15–18 26:19–22 26:23–25 26:26–27 26:28–32 26:33–34 26:35–37 26:38–41 26:42–43 26:44–47 26:48–51 ** 26:52–56 26:57–65 27:1–5 27:6–11 27:12–14 27:15–23 ** Offerings: 28:1–8 28:9–10 28:11–15 28:16–25 28:26–31 29:1–6 29:7–11 ** ''Sukkot'' offerings: 29:12–16 29:17–19 29:20–22 29:23–25 29:26–28 29:29–31 29:32–34 29:35–39; 30:1 * Parashat Mattot (Numbers 30:2–32:42): ** 30:2–17 31:1–12 31:13–20 31:21–24 31:25–54 32:1–4 32:5–15 32:16–19 32:20–42 * Parashat Masei (Numbers 33:1–36:13): ** 33:1–39 33:40–49 33:50–56 34:1–15 34:16–29 35:1–8 35:9–34 36:1–13 Variants: *Deuteronomy
The Aleppo Codex is intact starting at Deuteronomy 28:17 (משארתך). ''Parashot'' from the extant parts are in bold, as are the ''parashot'' shown in the Segall photograph (image at right). * Devarim (parsha), Parashat Devarim (Deuteronomy 1:1–3:22): ** 1:1–46; 2:1 2:2–8a 2:8b–16 ונפן 2:17–30 2:31–37; 3:1–22 * Parashat Va'etchannan (Deuteronomy 3:23–7:11): ** 3:23–29 4:1–24 4:25–40 4:41–49 5:1–5 ** Ten Commandments: 5:6–9 אנכי 5:10 לא תשא 5:11–14 שמור 5:15 כבד 5:16a לא תרצח 5:16b ולא תנאף 5:16c ולא תגנב 5:16d ולא תענה 5:17a ולא תחמד 5:17b ולא תתאוה ** 5:18–29;6:1–3 6:4–9 שמע 6:10–15 6:16–18 6:19–25 7:1–11 * Parashat Ekev (Deuteronomy 7:12–11:25): ** 7:12–16 7:17–26 8:1–18 8:19–20 9:1–29 10:1–11 10:12–22;11:1–9 11:10–12 11:13–21 11:22–25 * Parashat Re'eh (Deuteronomy 11:26–16:17): ** 11:26–28 11:29–32;12:1–19 12:20–28 12:29–31;13:1 13:2–6 13:7–12 13:13–19 14:1–2 14:3–8 14:9–10 14:11–21 14:22–29 15:1–6 15:7–11 15:12–18 15:19–23 16:1–8 16:9–12 16:13–17 * Parashat Shofetim (Deuteronomy 16:18–21:9): ** 16:18–20 16:21–22 17:1 17:2–7 17:8–13 17:14–20 18:1–2 18:3–5 18:6–8 18:9–22 19:1–10 19:11–13 19:14 19:15–21 20:1–9 20:10–18 20:19–20 21:1–9 * Parashat Ki Tetzei (Deuteronomy 21:10–25:19): ** 21:10–14 21:15–17 21:18–21 21:22–23 22:1–3 22:4 22:5 22:6–7 22:8–9 22:10–11 22:12 22:13–19 22:20–21 22:22 22:23–24 22:25–27 22:28–29 23:1 23:2 23:3 23:4–7 23:8–9 23:10–15 23:16–17 23:18–19 23:20–21 23:22–24 23:25 23:26 24:1–4 24:5–6 24:7 24:8–9 24:10–13 24:14–15 24:16 24:17–18 24:19 24:20–22 25:1–4 25:5–10 25:11–12 25:13–16 25:17–19 * Parashat Ki Tavo (Deuteronomy 26:1–29:8): ** 26:1–11 26:12–15 26:16–19 27:1–8 27:9–10 27:11–14 27:15 27:16 27:17 27:18 27:19 27:20 27:21 27:22 27:23 27:24 27:25 27:26 28:1–14 28:15–68 28:69 29:1–8 * Parashat Nitzavim (Deuteronomy 29:9–30:20): ** 29:9–29:28 30:1–10 30:11–14 30:15–20 * Parashat Vayelekh (Deuteronomy 31:1–30): ** 31:1–6 31:7–13 31:14–30 * Parashat Ha'azinu (Deuteronomy 32:1–52): ** Song of Moses: 32:1–43 ** 32:44–47 32:48–52 * Parashat Vezot Haberakhah (Deuteronomy 33:1–34:12): ** 33:1–6 33:7 33:8–11 33:12–17 33:18–19 33:20–21 33:22–23 33:24–29 34:1–12 Variants: *Nevi'im
''Parashot'' inJoshua
* 1:1–9 1:10–11 1:12–18 2:1–24 3:1–4 3:5–6 3:7–8 3:9–17;4:1a 4:1b–3 4:4–13 4:14 4:15–24 5:1 5:2–8 5:9–12 5:13–15;6:1 6:2–11 6:12–25 6:26 6:27;7:1 7:2–26 8:1–17 8:18–29 8:30–35;9:1–2 9:3–27 10:1–7 10:8–11 10:12–14 10:15–28 10:29–30 10:31–32 10:33–35 10:36–37 10:38–43 11:1–5 11:6–9 11:10–20 11:21–23 12:1–8 * Canaanite Kings: 12:9–24 * 13:1–14 13:15–23 13:24–32 13:33 14:1–5 14:6–15 15:1–19 * Cities of Judah: 15:20–32 15:33–36 15:37–41 15:42–46 15:47 15:48–49 15:50–51 15:52–54 15:55–57 15:58–59 15:60 15:61–63 * 16:1–10 17:1–13 17:14–18 18:1–10 18:11–20 18:21–28 19:1–9 19:10–16 19:17–23 19:24–31 19:32–39 19:40–48 19:49–51 20:1–9 * Levite cities: 21:1–2 21:3–4 21:5 21:6 21:7 21:8 21:9–12 21:13–16 21:17–19 21:20–22 21:23–26 21:27 21:28–29 21:30–31 21:32–33 21:34–35 21:36–40 21:41–43 * 22:1–6 22:7–8 22:9–12 22:13–20 22:21–29 22:30–34 23:1–16 24:1–15 24:16–26 24:27–28 24:29–33Judges
* 1:1–7 1:8–15 1:16–21 1:22–26 1:27–28 1:29 1:30 1:31–32 1:33–36 2:1a 2:1b–5 2:6–10 2:11–23 3:1–6 3:7–11 3:12–30 3:31 4:1–3 4:4–24 * Song of Deborah: 5:1–31 * 6:1–6 6:7–10 6:11–19 6:20–24 6:25–32 6:33–40 7:1 7:2–3 7:4–6 7:7–8 7:9–14 7:15–18 7:19–25;8:1–9 8:10–21 8:22–28 8:29–32 8:33–35 9:1–5 9:6–25 9:26–45 9:46–49 9:50–57 10:1–2 10:3–4 10:6–10 10:11–16 10:17–18 11:1–3 11:6–11 11:12–31 11:32–33 11:34–40 12:1–7 12:8–10 12:11–12 12:13–15 13:1 13:2–7 13:8–14 13:15–18 13:19–25 14:1–20 15:1–8 15:9–20 16:1–3 16:4–22 16:23–31 17:1–6 17:7–13 18:1 18:2–6 18:7–31 19:1–30 20:1–2 20:3–11 20:12–16 20:17–23 20:24–29 20:30–34 20:35–48 21:1–4 21:5–12 21:13–18 21:19–22 21:23–24 21:25Samuel
* (1Sam) 1:1–28 2:1–10 2:11–21 2:22–26 2:27–36 3:1 3:2–3 3:4–5 3:6–10 3:11–18 3:19–20 3:21 4:1–17 4:18–22 5:1–5 5:6–8 5:9–12 6:1–2 6:3–14 6:15–16 * Philistine offering: 6:17a 6:17b 6:17c 6:17d 6:17e 6:17f * 6:18–21;7:1 7:2 7:3–4 7:5–17 8:1–3 8:4–6 8:7–9 8:10 8:11–21 8:22 9:1–14 9:15–20 9:21 9:22–27 10:1–9 10:10–11a 10:11b–16 10:17–18a 10:18b–22a 10:22b–24 10:25–27 11:1–10 11:11–15 12:1–5 12:6–17 12:18–25 13:1–12 13:13–14 13:15–18 13:19=23 14:1–5 14:6–7 14:8–12a 14:12b–16 14:17–19a 14:19b–24 14:25–35 14:36–40 14:41–43 14:44–45 14:46–48 14:49–51 14:52 15:1 15:2–3 15:4–9 15:10–15 15:16 15:17–19 15:20–21 15:22–23 15:24–26 15:27 15:28 15:29–31 15:32 15:33 15:34–35 16:1–6 16:7–12a 16:12b–16 16:17–23 17:1–11 17:12–14 17:15–16 17:17–19 17:20–15 17:26–33 17:34–26 17:37a 17:37b–44 17:45–47 17:48–54 17:55–56 17:57–58;18:1–5 18:6–9 18:10–13 18:14–16 18:17 18:18–27 18:28–29 18:30 19:1–3 19:4–7 19:8–10 19:11–13 19:14 19:15–16 19:17–21a 19:21b–24 20:1–4 20:5–8 20:9 20:10 20:11 20:12–17 20:18–23 20:24–26 20:27a 20:27b–29 20:30–31 20:32–33 20:34 20:35–39 20:40–42 21:1–5 21:6–9 21:10a 21:10b–14 21:15–16 22:1–4 22:5 22:6–8 22:9–11 22:12–13 22:14–17 22:18–23 23:1–2a 23:2b–3 23:4–5 23:6–9 23:10–11a 23:11b 23:12 23:13–15 23:16–18 23:19–29 24:1 24:2–7 24:8 24:9–15 24:16–22 25:1 25:2–31 25:32–44 26:1–7 26:8–9 26:10–14 26:15–24 26:25 27:1–4 27:5–6 27:7–12 28:1–2 28:3–14 28:15 28:16–25 29:1–3 29:4–5 29:6–7 29:8–11 30:1–6 30:7–12 30:13–21 30:22 30:23–24 30:25 30:26 * Spoils: 30:27a 30:27b 30:27c 30:28a 30:28b 30:28c 30:29a 30:29b 30:29c 30:30a 30:30b 30:30c 30:31 * 31:1–7 31:8–13 (2Sam) 1:1–12 1:13–16 1:17–27 2:1–4 2:5–7 2:8–9 2:10–11 2:12–32;3:1 3:2–5 3:6–8 3:9–11 3:12–13 3:14–30 3:31–32 3:33–37 3:38–39 4:1–3 4:4–12 5:1–3 5:4–10 5:11–12 5:13–16 5:17–19a 5:19b–21 5:22–25 6:1–20a 6:20b–23 7:1–4a 7:4b–5a 7:5b–17 7:18–24 7:25–29 8:1–8 8:9–18 9:1–13 10:1–16 10:17–19 11:1 11:2–15 1:16–24 11:25–27 12:1–6 12:7a 12:7b–10 12:11–12 12:13a 12:13b–25 12:26–31 13:1–22 13:23–27 13:28–30 13:31 13:32–33 13:34–39 14:1–4 14:5–7 14:8–9 14:10–12 14:13–17 14:18–20 14:21–23 14:24 14:25–27 14:28–30 14:31–33 15:1–6 15:7–9 15:10–18 15:19–24 15:25–26 15:27–37 16:1–9 16:10 16:11–13a 16:13b 16:14–19 16:20–23 17:1–4 17:5–6 17:7–13 17:14a 17:14b 17:15–20 17:21–23 17:24–26 17:27–29 18:1–2a 18:2b–3 18:4–18 18:19–28a 18:28b 18:29–31 18:32 19:1–5 19:6–8a 19:8b 19:9 19:10–11 19:12–21 19:22 19:23–24 19:25–29 19:30–31 19:32–38 19:39–40 19:41–42 19:43 19:44 20:1–3 20:4–5 20:6–8 20:9–14a 2–:14b–19 2–:20–22 20:23–26 21:1a 21:1b–6 21:7–14 21:15–17 21:18 21:19 21:20–22 * Song of David: 22:1–51 * 23:1–7 23:8 23:9–10 23:11–12 23:13–15 23:16–17 23:18–19 23:20–23 * David's Thirty Champions: 23:24 23:25a 23:25b 23:26a 23:26b 23:26c 23:27a 23:27b 23:28a 23:28b 23:29a 23:29b 23:30a 23:30b 23:31a 23:31b 23:32a 23:32b 23:33a 23:33b 23:34a 23:34b 23:35a 23:35b 23:36a 23:36b 23:37a 23:37b 23:38a 23:38b 23:39 * 24:1–2 24:3–10a 24:10b–11a 24:11b–13 24:14–16 24:17 24:18–23a 24:23b–25Kings
The Aleppo codex is missing three folios from II Kings that included 14:21 (את עזריה) to 18:13 (שנה). ''Parashot'' listed from the missing section are based upon Kimhi's notes on the codexOfer, Yellin, p. 320 and p. 332 n. 1. and marked with an asterisk (*). *(1Kings) 1:1–19a 1:19b–27 1:28–31 1:32–53 2:1–10 2:11–12 2:13–22 2:23–25 2:26–27 2:28–38 2:39–40 2:41–46;3:1–2 3:3–14 3:15 3:16–23 3:24–27 3:28 *Solomon's officials: 4:1 4:2 4:3a 4:3b 4:4a 4:4b 4:5a 4:5b 4:6a 4:6b 4:7 4:8 4:9 4:10 4:11 4:12 4:13 4:14 4:15 4:16 4:17 4:18 4:19–20;5:1 * 5:2–5 5:6–8 5:9–14 5:15 5:16–25 5:26–28 5:29–30 5:31–32 6:1–10 6:11–13 6:14–38;7:1–12 7:13–26 7:27–37 7:38–39 7:40–50 7:51 8:1–11 8:12–21 8:22–34 8:35–36 8:37–53 8:54–66;9:1 9:2–9 9:10–13 9:14–22 9:23–28 10:1–13 10:14–17 10:18–25 10:26–29 11:1–6 11:7–10 11:11–13 11:14–25 11:26–28 11:29–39 11:40 11:41–43 12:1–17 12:18–19 12:20–21 12:22–24 12:25–33 13:1–10 13:11–20a 13:20b–32 13:33–34 14:1–4 14:5–20 14:21–24 14:25–31 15:1–8 15:9–14 15:15–24 15:25–32 15:33–34 16:1–7 16:8–14 16:15–20 16:21–22 16:23–28 16:29–34 17:1 17:2–7 17:8–16 17:17–24 18:1–14 18:15–46;19:1–14 19:15–21 20:1–22 20:23–25 20:26–34 20:35–43 21:1–16 21:17–26 21:27 21:28–29;22;1 22:2–18 22:19–40 22:41–51 22:52–54;1:1–2(2Kings) 1:3–14 1:15–17a 1:17b 1:18 2:1–18 2:19–22 2:23–25 3:1–3 3:4–10 3:11–27 4:1–7 4:8–37 4:38–41 4:42–44 5:1–19 5:20–27;6:1–7 6:8–23 6:24–33 7:1–2 7:3–20 8:1–4 8:5–6 8:7–15 8:16–24 8:25–29 9:1–28 9:29–37 10:1–14 10:15–17 10:18–29 10:30–36 11:1–3 11:4–12 11:13–16 11:17–20 12:1 12:2–6 12:7–17 12:18–22 13:1–9 13:10–13 13:14–19 13:20–21 13:22–25 14:1–7 14:8–16 14:17–22 14:23–29 15:1–7 15:8–12 15:13–16 15:17–22 15:23–26 15:27–31 15:32–38 16:1–20 17:1–6 17:7–23 17:24–41 18:1–8 18:9–12 18:13–16 18:17–37;19:1–14 19:15–19 19:20–31 19:32–37 20:1–3 20:4–11 20:12–21 21:1–11 21:12–18 21:19–26 22:1–2 22:3–20;23:1–30 (Josiah's deeds) 23:31–35 23:36–37;24:1–7 24:8–17 24:18–20 25:1–7 25:8–24 25:25–26 25:27–30Isaiah
* Prophecies about Judah and Israel (1–12): 1:1–9 1:10–17 1:18–20 1:21–23 1:24–31 2:1–4 2:5–11 2:12–22 3:1–12 3:13–15 3:16–17 3:18–26;4:1 4:2–6 5:1–7 5:8–10 5:11–17 5:18–19 5:20 5:21 5:22–23 5:24–30 6:1–13 7:1–2 7:3–6 7:7–9 7:10–17 7:18–20 7:21–22 7:23–25 8:1–3a 8:3b–4 ויאמר ה' אלי 8:5–8 8:9–10 8:11–15 8:16–18 8:19–23;9:1–6 9:7–12 9:13–20 10:1–4 10:5–11 10:12–15 10:16–19 10:20–23 10:24–32 10:33–34 11:1–9 11:10 11:11–16;12:1–6 * Prophecies about the Nations (13–23): 13:1–5 13:6–22;14:1–2 14:3–27 14:28–32 15:1–9;16:1–4 16:5–12 16:13–14 17:1–3 17:4–8 17:9–11 17:12–14 18:1–3 18:4–6 18:7 19:1–17 19:18 19:19–22 19:23 19:24–25 20:1–2 20:3–6 21:1–5 21:6–10 21:11–12 21:13–15 21:16–17 22:1–14 22:15–25 23:1–14 23:15–18 * Prophecies about Judah and Israel (24–35): 24:1–15 24:16–20 24:21–23 25:1–5 25:6–8 25:9–12 26:1–10 26:11 26:12 26:13–15 26:16–19 26:20–21 27:1 27:2–6 27:7–11 27:12 27:13 28:1–4 28:5–6 28:7–8 28:9–13 28:14–15 28:16–17 28:18–22 28:23–29 29:1–8 29:9–12 29:13–14 29:15–21 29:22–24 30:1–5 30:6–11 30:12–14 30:15–18 30:19–26 30:27–33 31:1–3 31:4–9 32:1–8 32:9–20 33:1 33:2–6 33:7–9 33:10–12 33:13–24 34:1–17 35:1–2 35:3–10 * Narrative (36–39): 36:1–10 36:11–16a 36:16b–22 כי כה אמר 37:1–14 37:15–32 37:33–35 37:36–38 38:1–3 38:4–8 38:9–22 39:1–2 39:3–8 * Consolations (40–66): 40:1–2 40:3–5 40:6–8 40:9–11 40:12–16 40:17–20 40:21–24 40:25–26 40:27–31 41:1–7 41:8–13 41:14–16 41:17–20 41:21–24 41:25–29 42:1–4 42:5–9 42:10–13 42:14–17 42:18–25;43:1–10 43:11–13 43:14–15 43:16–21 43:22–28 44:1–5 44:6–20 44:21–23 44:4–28 45:1–7 45:8 45:9 45:10 45:11–13 45:14–17 45:18–25;46:1–2 46:3–4 46:5–7 46:8–11 46:12–13 47:1–3 47:4–7 47:8–15 48:1–2 48:3–11 48:12–16 48:17–19 48:20–22 49:1–4 49:5–6 49:7 49:8–13 49:14–21 49:22–23 49:24 49:25–26 50:1–3 50:4–9 50:10 50:11 51:1–3 51:4–6 51:7–8 51:9–11 51:12–16 51:17–21 51:22–23 52:1–2 52:3 52:4–6 52:7–10 52:11–12 52:13–15 53:1–12 54:1–8 54:9–10 54:11–17 55:1–5 55:6–13 56:1–2 56:3 56:4–5 v 56:6–9 56:10–12;57:1–2 57:3–14 57:15–21 58:1–14 59:1–14 59:15–21 60:1–22 61:1–9 61:10–11;62:1–9 62:10–12 63:1–6 63:7–19;64:1–2 64:3–11 65:1–7 65:8–12 65:13–25 66:1–4 66:5–9 66:10–11 66:12–14 66:15–24Jeremiah
Jeremiah is divided into distinct prophecies, each of which begins with an announcement of "the word of the Lord to Jeremiah" or a similar phrase. Each such prophecy begins a new open ''parashah'' in the Aleppo Codex, with the single exception of the sixth prophecy (14:1) that begins with a closed ''parashah'' . The Aleppo codex is missing two folios from Jeremiah, and the folio following them is also partly torn. The missing text included parts of chapters 29–32. ''Parashot'' listed from the missing parts are based upon Kimhi's notes on the codex and marked with an asterisk (*). Prophecies of Destruction (1–25): * First prophecy (1): 1:1–3 1:4–6 1:7–10 1:11–12 1:13–19 * Second prophecy (2:1–3:5): 2:1–3 2:4–28 2:29–37;3:1–5 * Third prophecy (3:6–6:30): 3:6–10 3:11–17 3:18–25 4:1–2 4:3–8 4:9 4:10–18 4:19–21 4:22–31 5:1–9 5:10–13 5:14–19 5:20–29 5:30–31; 6:1–5 6:6–8 6:9–15 6:16–21 6:22–30 * Fourth prophecy (7–10): 7:1–2 7:3–15 7:16–20 7:21–28 7:29–31 7:32–34;8:1–3 8:4–12 8:13–16 8:17 8:18–22 8:23 9:1–5 9:6–8 9:9–10 9:11 9:12–13 9:14–15 9:16–18 9:19–21 9:22–23 9:24–25 10:1–5 10:6–10 10:11 10:12–16 10:17 10:18 10:19–21 10:22 10:23–25 * Fifth prophecy (11–13): 11:1–5 11:6–8 11:9–10 11:11–13 11:14 11:15–17 11:18–20 11:21 11:22–23 12:1–3 12:4–6 12:7–12 12:13 12:14–17 13:1–2 13:3–7 13:8–10 13:11–12a 13:12b–17 כה אמר 13:18–19 13:20–27 * Sixth prophecy (14–17): 14:1–9 14:10 14:11–12 14:13 14:14 14:15–18 14:19–22 15:1–9 15:10 15:11–14 15:15–16 15:17–18 15:19–21 16:1–2 16:3–4 16:5–8 16:9–13 16:14–5 16:16–18 16:19–21 17:1–4 17:5–6 17:7–10 17:11–13 17:14–18 17:19–27 * Seventh prophecy (18–20): 18:1–4 18:5–6 18:7–8 18:9–10 18:11–12 18:13–17 18:18–23 19:1–5 19:6–13 19:14 19:15;20:1–3 20:4–6 20:7–12 20:13 20:14–18 * Eighth prophecy (21–24): 21:1–3 21:1–3 21:4–10 21:11–14;22:1–5 22:6–9 22:10–12 22:13–17 22:18–19 22:20–27 22:28–30 23:1 23:2–4 23:5–6 23:7–8 23:9–14 23:15 23:16–22 23:23–29 23:30–40 24:1–2 24:3 24:4–7 24:8–10 * Ninth prophecy (25): 25:1–7 25:8–14 25:15–27a 25:27b–31 כה אמר 25:32–38 Prophecies interwoven with narratives about the prophet's life (26–45): * Tenth prophecy (26–29): 26:1–6 26:7–10 26:11–15 26:16–24 27:1–22 28:1–11 28:12–17 29:1–9 29:10–15 29:16 29:17–20 29:21–23 29:24–29 29:30–32 * Consolations (30–33): ** Eleventh prophecy (30–31): 30:1–3 30:4–9 30:10–11 30:12–17 30:18–22 30:23–25 31:1–5 31:6–8 31:9–13 31:14 31:15–19 31:20–21 31:22–25 31:26–29 31:30–33 31:34–35 31:36 31:37–39 ** Twelfth prophecy (32–33): 32:1–5 32:6–14 32:15 32:16–25 32:26–35 32:36–41 32:42–44 33:1–3 33:4–9 33:10–11 33:12–13 33:14–16 33:17–18 33:19–22 33:23–24 33:25–26 * Thirteenth prophecy (34): 34:1–5 34:6–7 34:8–11 34:12–16 34:17–22 * Fourteenth prophecy (35): 35:1–11 35:12–19 * Fifteenth prophecy (36–39): 36:1–3 36:4–8 36:9–18 36:19–26 36:27–29 36:30–32 37:1–5 37:6–8 37:9–11 37:12–21;38:1–2 38:3–6 38:7–13 38:14–16 38:17a 38:17b–18 כה אמר 38:19–23 38:24–26 38:27–28a 38:28b; 39:1–14 והיה כאשר 39:15–18 * Sixteenth prophecy (40–45): 40:1–6 40:7–12 40:13–16 41:1–10 41:11–15 41:16–18 42:1–6 42:7–22 43:1 43:2–7 43:8–13 44:1–6 44:7–10 44:11–14 44:15–19 44:20–23 44:24–25 44:26–29 44:30 45:1–5 Prophecies against the nations (46–51): * Against the nations (46–49): 46:1–12 46:13–19 46:20–26 46:27–28 47:1–7 48:1–11 48:12–39 48:40–47 49:1–6 49:7–11 49:12–19 49:20–22 49:23–27 49:28–33 49:34–39 * Against Babylon (50–51): 50:1–7 50:8–16 50:17 50:18–20 50:21 50:22–27 50:28–30 50:31–32 50:33–46 51:1–10 51:11–14 51:15–19 51:20–24 51:25–32 51:33–35 51:36–51 51:52–53 51:54–57 51:58 51:59–64 Narrative (52): * Destruction and Hope (52): 52:1–23 52:24–27 52:28–30 52:31–34Ezekiel
* Prophecies before the Fall of Jerusalem (1–24): 1:1–28 2:1–2 2:3–5 2:6–7 2:8–10 3:1–3 3:4–9 3:10–16a 3:16b–21ויהי דבר 3:22–27 4:1–3 4:4–12 4:13–14 4:15 4:16–17 5:1–4 5:5–6 5:7–9 5:10 5:11–17 6:1–10 6:11–14 7:1–4 7:5–22 7:23–27 8:1–6 8:7–8 8:9–14 8:15–18;9:1–3 9:4–11 10:1–22;11:1 11:2–3 11:4–6 11:7–13 11:14–15 11:16 11:17–25 12:1–7 12:8–16 12:17–20 12:21–25 12:26–28 13:1–7 13:8–12 13:13–16 13:17–19 13:20–23;14:1 14:2–3 14:4–5 14:6–8 14:9–11 14:12–20 14:21–23 15:1–5 15:6–8 16:1–35 16:36–50 16:51–58 16:59–63 17:1–10 17:11–18 17:19–21 17:22–24 18:1–20 18:21–23 18:24–26 18:27–32 19:1–9 19:10–14 20:1 20:2–26 20:27–29 20:30–31a 20:31b–44 ואני אדרש 21:1–5 21:6–10 21:11–12 21:13–18 21:19–22 21:23–28 21:29 21:30 21:31–32 21:33–37 22:1–16 22:17–18 22:19–22 22:23–31 23:1–10 23:11–21 23:22–27 23:28–31 23:32–34 23:35 23:36–45 23:46–49 24:1–5 24:6–8 24:9–14 24:15–24 24:25–27 * Prophecies about the Nations (25–32): 25:1–5 25:6–7 25:8–11 25:12–17 26:1–6 26:7–14 26:15–18 26:19–21 27:1–3 27:4–36 28:1–5 28:6–10 28:11–19 28:20–24 28:25–26 29:1–7 29:8–12 29:13–16 29:17–18 29:19–21 30:1–5 30:6–9 30:10–12 30:13–19 30:20–21 30:22–26 31:1–9 31:10–14 31:15–18 32:1–2 32:3–10 32:11–16 32:17–32 * Prophecies after the Fall of Jerusalem (33–39): 33:1–6 33:7–9 33:10–11 33:12–20 33:21–22 33:23–24 33:25–26 33:27–29 33:30–33 34:1–10 34:11–19 34:20–31 35:1–10 35:11–13 35:14–15 36:1–12 36:13–15 36:16–21 36:22–32 36:33–36 36:37–38 37:1–9a 37:9b–14 כה אמר 37:15–28 38:1–9 38:10–13 38:14–16 38:17 38:18–23 39:1–10 39:11–16 39:17–24 39:25–29 * Visions of the Future Jerusalem (40–48): 40:1–49;41:1–26;42:1–20;43:1–9 (the future Temple) 43:10–27a 43:27b והיה ביום השמיני 44:1–8 44:9–14 44:15–31 45:1–8 45:9–15 45:16–17 45:18–25 46:1–5 46:6–11 46:12–15 46:16 46:17–24;47:1–12 47:13–23 48:1–29 48:30–35Twelve Minor Prophets
The Aleppo Codex leaves four empty lines between each of the books of thePoetic layout of Psalms, Proverbs and Job
The three biblical poetry, poetic books of Psalms, Proverbs and Job are collectively known as ''Sifrei Emet'' (see the article onKetuvim
Parashot inPsalms
The Aleppo Codex leaves two empty lines between the five Books of Psalms (following psalms 41, 72, 89, 106). Otherwise there is one blank line between each two psalms, the standard way of indicating an open ''parashah'' break in poetic layout. There is no break at all, however, between psalms 114–115, which were apparently considered a single psalm by the scribes. Psalm 119, which has sets of eight verses for each letter of the Hebrew alphabet, has an open ''parashah'' break (a blank line) between each set of eight verses. The titles of individual Psalms have formal rules. Symbols for representing these rules are as follows, based on examples: * 1 = The psalm contains no format title, such as Psalm 1. The entire psalm is written in regular poetic layout. * 3:1a = There is a closed ''parashah'' within the title verse of a psalm. E.g. the title of psalm 3 is more than minimal, an entire verse containing more than oneProverbs
* 1:1–7 1:8–19 1:20–33 2:1–22 3:1–10 3:11–18 3:19–35 4:1–19 4:20–27 5:1–6 5:7–23 6:1–5 6:6–11 6:12–15 6:16–19 6:20–26 6:27–35 7:1–27 8:1–31 8:32–36; 9:1–18 * Centered title: "The Proverbs of Solomon" 10:1a (10:1b–19:9). There are no ''parashah'' divisions following the centered title until 19:10, an unusually large amount of unbroken text (278 verses). * 19:10–29; 20:1–30; 21:1–30 21:31; 22:1–29 23:1–5 23:6–35; 24:1–14 24:15–18 24:19–22 24:23–27 24:28–29 24:30–34 * גם אלה משלי שלמה אשר העתיקו אנשי חזקיה מלך יהודה 25:1-13 25:14–20 25:21–28; 26; 1–21 26:22–25; 27:1–22 27:23–27; 28:1–4 28:5–10 28:11–16 28:17–28; 29:1–17 29:18–27 30:1–6 דברי אגור בן יקה המשא 30:7–9 30:10–14 30:15–17 30:18–20 30:21–23 30:24–28 30:29–33 31:1–7 דברי למואל מלך משא אשר יסרתו אמו 31:8–9 31:10–31 אשת חיל.Job
I. Narrative Opening (1:1–3:1): * Common layout and regularSong of Songs
The Aleppo codex is extant until the word ציון ("Zion") in Song of Songs 3:11. Bibles that show ''parashot'' in the Song of Songs based upon the Aleppo Codex (with reconstruction of its missing parts based on Kimhi's notes) include two editions following the Breuer method (''Horev'' and ''The Jerusalem Crown''). The flow of text in such bibles is as follows: * 1:1–4 1:5–8 1:9–14 1:15–17; 2:1–7 2:8–13 2:14 2:15–17 3:1–5 3:6–8 3:9–11 4:1–7 4:8–16;5:1 5:2–16; 6:1–3 6:4–9 6:10 6:11–12; 7:1–11 7:12–14;8:1–4 8:5–7 8:8–10 8:11–14 The Tiberian masoretic codices are nearly identical in the parts at which they show ''parashah'' breaks in the text. However, while A and L have almost exclusively, Y (which is usually very close to A) shows for the large majority of ''parashot'', as shown in the chart below:Ruth
In the Tiberian masoretic codices, the only ''parashah'' found in Ruth is for the short chronology at the end of the book: * 4:18–22 ואלה תולדות פרץ Variant: * While A, Y, L, and Ff1 all have at 4:18, other traditions noted by Finfer differ: F=, Ff2=.Lamentations
The Aleppo codex lacks Lamentations in its entirety. ''Parashot'' listed here are based upon Kimhi's notes on the codex. * First lamentation (1:1–22): between each of the 22 verses and following the last one.Kimhi omits notation of individual verses in Lamentations at the following points: 1:2, 1:5, 1:14, 4:4, 4:5, 4:6, 4:7, 4:14 (Ofer, Yellin, p. 323). The Breuer edition supplies these ''parashot'', apparently missing based upon an oversight by Kimhi (see Breuer, Horev, p. 14). * Second lamentation (2:1–22): between each of the 22 verses and following the last one. * Third lamentation (3:1–66): between each of 66 verses and following the last one. * Fourth lamentation (4:1–22): between each of the 22 verses and following the last one. * Fifth lamentation (5:1–22): 5:1–18 5:19–22 Variants: * In the third lamentation, the Leningrad Codex has between each set of three verses beginning with the same letter.Ecclesiastes
The Aleppo codex lacks Ecclesiastes in its entirety. ''Parashot'' listed here are based upon Kimhi's notes on the codex. * 1:1–11 1:12–18; 2:1–26; 3:1 * Song of the Seasons 3:2–8 * 3:9 There are no further ''parashah'' divisions at all in the rest of the book (3:9-12:14) according to Kimhi's notes on the Aleppo Codex, an unusually large amount of unbroken text (170 verses) that is confirmed by Y. The Leningrad codex has a solitary ''parashah'' break: at 9:11. The following chart compares the meager ''parashah'' breaks for Ecclesiastes as found in manuscripts:Esther
The book of Esther is traditionally read by Jews on the holiday ofDaniel
The Aleppo codex lacks Daniel in its entirety. ''Parashot'' listed here are based upon Kimhi's notes on the codex. * 1:1–21 2:1–13 2:14–16 2:17–24 2:25–28 2:29–30 2:31–45 2:46–49 3:1–18 3:19–23 3:24–30 3:31–33; 4:1–25 4:26–34 5:1–7 5:8–12 5:13–16 5:17–30 6:1–6 6:7–11 6:12–14 6:15 6:16–29 * 7:1–14 7:15–28 8:1–27 9:1–27 10:1–3 10:4–21 11:1–45; 12:1–3 12:4–13Ezra–Nehemiah
The Aleppo codex lacksChronicles
* Chronology until David (1 Chronicles 1–10): 1:1–4 1:5 1:6 1:7 1:8–9 1:10 1:11–12 1:13–16 1:17 1:18–23 1:24–27 1:28 1:29–31 1:32 1:33 1:34 1:35 1:36 1:37 1:38 1:39 1:40 1:41–42 1:43–51a 1:51b–54 ויהיו אלופי אדום 2:1–2 2:3 2:4 2:5 2:6 2:7 2:8 2:9–20 2:21–22 2:23–24 2:25–26 2:27–32 2:33–41 2:42–46 2:47–49 2:50–53 2:54–55 3:1–4 3:5–9 3:10–23 3:24 4:1–2 4:3–10 4:11–12 4:13–14 4:15–18 4:19–23 4:24–27 4:28–33a 4:33b–43 זאת מושבתם 5:1–2 5:3–10 5:11–13 5:14–17 5:18–22 5:23–26 5:27–28 5:29a 5:29b–41 ובני אהרן 6:1–3 6:4–13 6:14–15 6:16–23 6:24–28 6:29–32 6:33–34 6:35–38 6:39–41 6:42–44 6:45 6:46 6:47 6:48 6:49–50 6:51–55 6:56–58 6:59–60 6:61 6:62–66 7:1 7:2 7:3–5 7:6–13 7:14–19 7:20–29 7:30–40 8:1–32 8:33–40 9:1 9:2–4 9:5–9 9:10–11 9:12–34 9:35–38 9:39 –44 10:1–4a 10:4b–5 ויקח שאול 10:6–7 10:8–10 10:11–14 * King David (1 Chronicles 11–29): ** 11:1–3 11:4–9 11:10 11:11–21 11:22–25 ** David's champions (11:26–47): 11:26a 11:26b אלחנן 11:27a 11:27b חלץ 11:28a 11:28b אביעזר 11:29a 11:29b עילי 11:30a 11:30b חלד 11:31a 11:31b בניה 11:32a 11:32b אביאל 11:33a 11:33b אליחבא 11:34a 11:34b יונתן 11:35a 11:35b אליפל 11:36 11:37a 11:37b נערי 11:38a 11:38b מבחר 11:39 11:40a 11:40b גרב 11:41a 11:41b זבד 11:42a 11:42b חנן 11:43 11:44a 11:44b שמע 11:45 11:46a 11:46b–47a ויתמה 11:47b ויעשיאל. ** 12:1–5 12:6–14 12:15–16 12:17–18 12:19 12:20–23 ** David's supporters in Hebron: 12:24 12:25 12:26 12:27 12:28 12:29 12:30 12:31 12:32 12:33 12:34 12:35 12:36 12:37 12:38 12:38–41 ** 13:1–14 14:1–2 14:3–7 14:8–12 14:13–17;15:1–2 15:3–4 Levites: 15:5 15:6 15:7 15:8 15:9 15:10 15:11 15:12–15 15:16 15:17a 15:17b–25 ומן בני מררי 15:26–29 16:1–4 16:5–7 ** Song of Assaf: 16:8–22 16:23–36 ** 16:37–38 16:39–43 17:1–2 17:3–7a 17:7b–15 כה אמר 17:16–27 18:1–8 18:9–17 19:1–5 19:6–7a 19:7b ובני עמון 19:8–12a 19:12b–15 ואם בני עמון 19:16–19 20:1–3 20:4–5 20:6–8 21:1–7 21:8 21:9–12 21:13–15 21:16–17 21:18–26 21:27–30 22:1 22:2–4 22:5–6 22:7–17 22:18–19 23:1–5 23:6 23:7 23:8 23:9 23:10–11 23:12 23:13–14 23:15–17 23:18–23 23:24–32 24:1–5 24:6 ** 24:7a 24:7b לידעיה 24:8a 24:8b לשערים 24:9a 24:9b למימן 24:10a 24:10b לאביה 24:11a 24:11b לשכניהו 24:12a 24:12b ליקים 24:13a 24:13b לישבאב 24:14a 24:14b לאמר 24:15a 24:15b להפצץ 24:16a 24:16b ליחזקאל 24:17a 24:17b לגמול 24:18a 24:18b למעזיהו. ** 24:19 24:20 24:21 24:22 24:23 24:24 24:25 24:26 24:27 24:28 24:29 24:30–31 25:1–3 25:4–8 25:9a 25:9b גדליהו 25:10 25:11 25:12 25:13 25:14 25:15 25:16 25:17 25:18 25:19 25:20 25:21 25:22 25:23 25:24 25:25 25:26 25:27 25:28 25:29 25:30 25:31 26:1–5 26:6–13 26:14–16 26:17a 26:17b–20 ולאספים 26:21 26:22 26:23–24 26:25–28 26:29–32 27:1 27:2 27:3 27:4 27:5–6 27:7 27:8 27:9 27:10 27:11 27:12 27:13 27:14 27:15 27:16a 27:16b לשמעוני 27:17 27:18a 27:18b ליששכר 27:19a 27:19b לנפתלי 27:20 27:21a 27:16b לבנימן 27:22–24 27:25a 27:25b ועל האצרות 27:26 27:27a 27:27b ועל שבכרמים 27:28a 27:28b ועל אצרות השמן 27:29a 27:29b ועל הקבר 27:30a 27:30b ועל האתנות 27:31 27:32 27:33 27:34 ** 28:10 28:11–19 28:20–21 29:1–9 29:10–19 29:20–25 29:26–20 * King Solomon (2 Chronicles 1–9): 1:1–10 1:11–13 1:14–18;2:1 2:2–9 2:10–15 2:16–17;3:1–7 3:8–13 3:14 3:15 3:16–17 4:1 4:2–5 4:6 4:7 4:8 4:9–18 4:19–22;5:1a 5:1b ויבא שלמה 5:2–10 5:11–14 6:1–13 6:14a ויאמר 6:14b–23 ה' אלהי ישראל 6:24–25 6:26–27 6:28–31 6:32–40 6:41–42 7:1–4 7:5–6 7:7–11 7:12–22 8:1–9 8:10–11 8:12–16 8:17–18 9:1–12 9:13–21 9:22–24 9:25–31 * The Davidic Dynasty (2 Chronicles 10–36): 10:1–5 10:6–11 10:12–16 10:17–18a 10:18b והמלך רחבעם התאמץ 10:19;11:1 11:2–4 11:5–12 11:13–23;12:1 12:2–4 12:5–8 12:9–12 12:13–14 12:15–16 13:1–3a 13:3b וירבעם 13:4–5 13:6–9 13:10–20 13:21–23 14:1–6 14:7a 14:7b–10 ומבנימן 14:11–14 15:1–2 15:3–7 15:8–9 15:10–19 16:1–5 16:6 16:7–14 17:1–6 17:7–11 17:12–14a 17:14b עדנה השר 17:15 17:16 17:17 17:18 17:19 18:1–17 18:18–22 18:23–34;19:1 19:2–11 20:1–13 20:14–30 20:31–37; 21:1–3 21:4–11 21:12–20; 22:1 22:2–12 23:1–11 23:12–13 23:14–15 23:16–21; 24:1–2 24:3–14 24:15–16 24:17–19 24:20–22 24:23–27 25:1–10 25:11–13 25:14–16 25:17–24 25:25–28;26:1–2 26:3–10 26:11–23 27:1–9 28:1–5 28:6–7 28:8 28:9–11 28:12–13 28:14–15 28:16–27 29:1–11 29:12a 29:12b–13 ומן הגרשני 29:14a 29:14b–17 ומן בני ידותון 29:18–19 29:20–26 29:27–30 29:31–36 30:1–9 30:10–19 30:20 30:21 30:22 30:23–24a 30:24b–26 והשרים הרימו 30:27 31:1 31:2 31:3–6 31:7 31:8 31:9–10 31:11–21 32:1–8 32:9–19 32:20 32:21–23 32:24–32 33:1–9 33:10–20 33:21–25 34:1–7 34:8–11 34:12–23 34:24–26a 34:26b–28 כה אמר ה' אלהי ישראל 34:29–33 35:1–2 35:3–6 35:7 35:8–18 35:19 35:20–22 35:23–24 35:25–27 36:1–4 36:5–8 36:9–10 36:11–14 36:15–17 36:18–21 36:22 36:23Songs with special layout
In addition to the common "open" and "closed" ''parashot'', the masoretic scribal layout employs spaces in an elaborate way for prominent songs found within narrative books, as well as for certain lists. Each such "song" is formatted in its own exact way, though there are similarities between them. These sections include: Torah * Song of the Sea (Exodus 15:1–19) * Song of Moses (Deuteronomy 32) Nevi'im * Canaanite Kings (Joshua 12:9–24) * Song of Deborah (Judges 5) * Song of David (II Samuel 22) Ketuvim * Song of the Seasons (Ecclesiastes 3:2–8) * Haman's Sons (Esther 9:7–9) * David's Champions (I Chronicles 11:26–47) * Song of Assaf (I Chronicles 16:8–36) The following sections discuss the layout and formatting of each of these songs in detail.Haman's Sons (Esther)
Esther 9:7–9 lists Haman's ten sons in three consecutive verses (three names in 7, three in 8, and four in 9). Each name is preceded by the Hebrew particle ואת. The format for this list is as follows: * The last word of verse 9:6 (איש) is purposely planned to be the first word in a new line (at the right margin). This word will begin the first line of text in format. * The first word of 9:7 (the Hebrew particle ואת) is written at the end of the first line in at the left margin. A large gap is thus left between איש and ואת, which forms a closed ''parashah'' division . * In the next ten lines of text, the ten names of the sons of Haman appear one after another in the beginning of each line at the right margin, beneath the word איש, while the word ואת appears at the end of each line text (left margin) until the final line. The 11th and final line of text ends with the first word of 9:10 (עשרת). * There are thus a total of eleven lines of text in format, each with a single word at the beginning of the line and a single word at the end. The first (right) column begins with the word איש and the names of Haman's 10 sons follow beneath it. The second (left) column has the word ואת ten times, and in the final row it has the first word of 9:10 (עשרת). The format described here originated in the typically narrow columns of the Tiberian masoretic codices, in which a line of text containing only two words at opposite margins with a gap between them appears similar to a standard closed ''parashah''. However, in many later scrolls the columns are much wider, such that lines with single words at opposite margins create a huge gap in the middle. In many scrolls these eleven lines are written in very large letters so that they form one full column of text in the megillah.See also
* Chapters and verses of the Bible *References
{{ReflistLiterature cited
Books and articles cited in theExternal links
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