![Parnell](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Parnell.JPG)
Parnell is a suburb of
Auckland
Auckland (pronounced ) ( mi, Tāmaki Makaurau) is a large metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand. The List of New Zealand urban areas by population, most populous urban area in the country and the List of cities in Oceania by po ...
, New Zealand. It is one of New Zealand's most affluent suburbs, consistently ranked within the top three wealthiest, and is often billed as Auckland's "oldest suburb" since it dates from the earliest days of the European settlement of Auckland in 1841. It is characterised by its mix of tree lined streets with large estates; redeveloped industrial zones with Edwardian town houses and 1920s bay villas; and its hilly topography that allows for views of the port, the
Waitematā Harbour
Waitematā Harbour is the main access by sea to Auckland, New Zealand. For this reason it is often referred to as Auckland Harbour, despite the fact that it is one of two harbours adjoining the city. The harbour forms the northern and easter ...
,
Rangitoto Island
Rangitoto Island is a volcanic island in the Hauraki Gulf near Auckland, New Zealand. The wide island is a symmetrical shield volcano cone, reaching a height of . Rangitoto is the youngest and largest of the approximately 50 volcanoes of the Au ...
and the
Auckland Domain
The Auckland Domain, also known as Pukekawa / Auckland Domain, is a large park in Auckland, New Zealand. It is the oldest park in the city, and at is one of the largest. Located in the central suburb of Grafton, the park land is the remains o ...
. To its west lies the
Auckland Domain
The Auckland Domain, also known as Pukekawa / Auckland Domain, is a large park in Auckland, New Zealand. It is the oldest park in the city, and at is one of the largest. Located in the central suburb of Grafton, the park land is the remains o ...
, to the south
Newmarket, and to the north the
Ports of Auckland
Ports of Auckland Limited (POAL), the successor to the Auckland Harbour Board, is the Auckland Council-owned company administering Auckland's commercial freight and cruise ship harbour facilities. As the company operates all of the associated fa ...
.
Parnell Rise and Parnell Road make up the main road through Parnell. Parnell Rise leads to the central business district to the west; Parnell Road runs from Parnell Rise uphill to the top of the suburb, and then bends almost 90 degrees and continues towards Newmarket in the south-east. Parnell Road ends at the intersection of George and Sarawia Streets, where it becomes Broadway. Early European settlers knew Parnell Road as "Manukau Road" until well after the formation of Khyber Pass Road in 1845.
History
The Parnell area has a long history of settlement by
Tāmaki Māori
Tāmaki Māori are Māori ''iwi'' and ''hapū'' (tribes and sub-tribes) who have a strong connection to Tāmaki Makaurau (the Auckland Region), and whose rohe was traditionally within the region. Among Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau (the M ...
. Point Resolution was the location of Taurarua pā, occupied by the
Waiōhua confederation. The name Taurarua ("annoying chant") refers to a battle between Waiōhua and
Ngāti Whātua
Ngāti Whātua is a Māori iwi (tribe) of the lower Northland Peninsula of New Zealand's North Island. It comprises a confederation of four hapū (subtribes) interconnected both by ancestry and by association over time: Te Uri-o-Hau, Te Roroa, Te ...
where Waiohua warriors goaded Ngāti Whātua to attack using mocking chants.
This was one of the final strongholds of this iwi before it was taken by Ngāti Whātua in the 1740s, when twin brother chiefs Humataitai and Hupipi were defeated by Ngāti Whātua.
Prior to European settlement, Parnell was occupied by
Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei
Iwi () are the largest social units in New Zealand Māori society. In Māori roughly means "people" or "nation", and is often translated as "tribe", or "a confederation of tribes". The word is both singular and plural in the Māori language, an ...
. The Domain was known as Pukekawa, which translates to 'hill of bitter memories.' This is in reference to the battles that occurred between
Ngāpuhi
Ngāpuhi (or Ngā Puhi) is a Māori iwi associated with the Northland region of New Zealand and centred in the Hokianga, the Bay of Islands, and Whangārei.
According to the 2018 New Zealand census, the estimated population of Ngāpuhi is 165, ...
and Ngāti Whatua during the
Musket Wars
The Musket Wars were a series of as many as 3,000 battles and raids fought throughout New Zealand (including the Chatham Islands) among Māori between 1807 and 1837, after Māori first obtained muskets and then engaged in an intertribal arms ra ...
. The Government acquired the area from Ngāti Whātua as part of a land deal in 1840.
Robert Tod
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...
purchased from the Government on 1 September 1841. He quickly subdivided it into 36 sections, which he advertised for sale on 4 September 1841 as the "Village of Parnell". In the early 1830s Tod had supplied copies of the Bible to a
Plymouth Brethren
The Plymouth Brethren or Assemblies of Brethren are a low church and non-conformist Christian movement whose history can be traced back to Dublin, Ireland, in the mid to late 1820s, where they originated from Anglicanism. The group emphasizes ...
mission in Baghdad, one of whose members was
John Vesey Parnell. Streets in the village of Parnell were named Groves, Cronin and Calman after other missionaries to Baghdad,
Anthony Norris Groves
Anthony Norris Groves (1 February 1795 – 20 May 1853) was an English Protestant missionary, who has been called the "father of faith missions". He launched the first Protestant mission to Arabic-speaking Muslims, and settled in Baghdad, and la ...
,
Edward Cronin
Edward Cronin (born Cork, Ireland, 1 February 1801, died Brixton, 1 February 1882) was a pioneer of homeopathy in England and one of the founders of the Plymouth Brethren movement.
Life
Cronin was born in 1801 in Cork, Ireland, before moving to ...
and
Erasmus Scott Calman
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (; ; English: Erasmus of Rotterdam or Erasmus;''Erasmus'' was his baptismal name, given after St. Erasmus of Formiae. ''Desiderius'' was an adopted additional name, which he used from 1496. The ''Roterodamus'' wa ...
. These were later renamed Eglon, Fox and Marston Streets.
The Borough of Parnell, established in 1877, was amalgamated into the
Auckland City Council
Auckland City Council was the local government authority for Auckland City, New Zealand, from 1871 to 1 November 2010, when it and Auckland's six other city and district councils were amalgamated to form the Auckland Council. It was an elected b ...
area in 1913. The Parnell Road Board administered the area before the borough was established.
The following served as mayors of the Borough of Parnell until its incorporation into Auckland City:
Demographics
Parnell covers
and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km
2.
Parnell had a population of 7,563 at the
2018 New Zealand census
Eighteen or 18 may refer to:
* 18 (number), the natural number following 17 and preceding 19
* one of the years 18 BC, AD 18, 1918, 2018
Film, television and entertainment
* ''18'' (film), a 1993 Taiwanese experimental film based on the sho ...
, an increase of 471 people (6.6%) since the
2013 census, and an increase of 1,044 people (16.0%) since the
2006 census
6 (six) is the natural number following 5 and preceding 7. It is a composite number and the smallest perfect number.
In mathematics
Six is the smallest positive integer which is neither a square number nor a prime number; it is the second small ...
. There were 3,021 households, comprising 3,627 males and 3,933 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.92 males per female, with 756 people (10.0%) aged under 15 years, 2,145 (28.4%) aged 15 to 29, 3,597 (47.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,065 (14.1%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 77.2% European/
Pākehā
Pākehā (or Pakeha; ; ) is a Māori term for New Zealanders primarily of European descent. Pākehā is not a legal concept and has no definition under New Zealand law. The term can apply to fair-skinned persons, or to any non-Māori New Ze ...
, 4.8%
Māori
Māori or Maori can refer to:
Relating to the Māori people
* Māori people of New Zealand, or members of that group
* Māori language, the language of the Māori people of New Zealand
* Māori culture
* Cook Islanders, the Māori people of the C ...
, 2.1%
Pacific peoples, 19.3%
Asian
Asian may refer to:
* Items from or related to the continent of Asia:
** Asian people, people in or descending from Asia
** Asian culture, the culture of the people from Asia
** Asian cuisine, food based on the style of food of the people from Asi ...
, and 4.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 39.7, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 52.1% had no religion, 35.6% were
Christian
Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
, 0.1% had
Māori religious beliefs, 1.3% were
Hindu
Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...
, 0.6% were
Muslim
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
, 2.0% were
Buddhist
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...
and 2.7% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 3,384 (49.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 267 (3.9%) people had no formal qualifications. 2,478 people (36.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 3,702 (54.4%) people were employed full-time, 1,014 (14.9%) were part-time, and 219 (3.2%) were unemployed.
Political representation
Parliament
Parnell forms part of the
Epsom Electorate for
parliamentary
A parliamentary system, or parliamentarian democracy, is a system of democracy, democratic government, governance of a sovereign state, state (or subordinate entity) where the Executive (government), executive derives its democratic legitimacy ...
representation. Parnell represents approximately 20% of the population in the electorate. The Member of Parliament for Epsom,
David Seymour
David Seymour may refer to:
* David Seymour (English politician) (died 1557/58), 14th-century Member of Parliament (MP) for Wareham and Great Bedwyn
*David Seymour (New Zealand politician) (born 1983), leader of the ACT Party
*David Seymour (photo ...
, represents
ACT New Zealand
ACT New Zealand, known simply as ACT (), is a right-wing, classical-liberal political party in New Zealand. According to former party leader Rodney Hide, ACT's values are "individual freedom, personal responsibility, doing the best for our natur ...
.
Local government
Parnell forms part of the
Ōrākei Ward
Ōrākei is a suburb of Auckland city, in the North Island of New Zealand. It is located on a peninsula five kilometres to the east of the city centre, on the shore of the Waitematā Harbour, which lies to the north, and Hobson Bay and Orakei ...
within
Auckland Council
Auckland Council ( mi, Te Kaunihera o Tāmaki Makaurau) is the local government council for the Auckland Region in New Zealand. It is a territorial authority that has the responsibilities, duties and powers of a regional council and so is ...
.
Notable buildings and landmarks
Lower Parnell Road
* The Swan Hotel, 31–35 Parnell Rise – constructed prior to 1856 and is one of the earliest timber public houses surviving in Auckland. Additions to the building date from the 1880s and were designed by Edward Bartley. This building originally stood directly on the foreshore. Historically this cove (now completely reclaimed) had been used by Maori to beach their ''waka''; this usage continued after European settlement and part of the foreshore was demarcated as a Maori hostel (currently used by police Commercial Vehicle Safety Team
VST VST may refer to:
* Vancouver School of Theology, a theological graduate school in British Columbia, Canada
* VST, Stockholm Västerås Airport in Sweden (IATA airport code)
* Vehicle safety technology
* Virtual Studio Technology, Steinberg's stand ...
as a heavy vehicle weighbridge and compliance checkpoint).
* Parnell Rail Bridge – 19th century metal rail bridge on massive volcanic basalt rock piers. This structure allows the rail line to cross over Parnell Road without disrupting traffic.
* Mayfair Apartments – 1930s brick Neo-Georgian highrise apartment block.
* Windsor Castle Hotel, 144 Parnell Road – a
hotel
A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided inside a hotel room may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a ref ...
which dates from the 1850s. The hotel was remodelled in the 1880s after the architect
R. MacKay Fripp was commissioned to convert the existing hotel into a larger
pub
A pub (short for public house) is a kind of drinking establishment which is licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises. The term ''public house'' first appeared in the United Kingdom in late 17th century, and was ...
; the existing facade was built during this conversion.
* Former Heard Factory – three storeyed art-deco style industrial building built for a confectionery manufacturer.
* Heard Park – this land was donated to the city in 1953 by the Heard family, the owners of Heards Candy, the adjacent large Art-Deco Heards building.
*
Church of St John the Baptist (Catholic), 204 Parnell Road – this church was designed by
Edward Mahoney
E. Mahoney and Son was an architectural business consisting of Edward Mahoney (1824 or 1825 – 28 April 1895) and his son and architectural partner, Thomas Mahoney (1855–1923), who were prominent New Zealand architects based in Auckland. They ...
and formally instituted by Bishop Pompallier in 1861; it is the only Catholic church in Parnell and the oldest Catholic church in the city. The
Sisters of Mercy
The Sisters of Mercy is a religious institute of Catholic women founded in 1831 in Dublin, Ireland, by Catherine McAuley. As of 2019, the institute had about 6200 sisters worldwide, organized into a number of independent congregations. They a ...
had a convent here and a Catholic primary school ran for a century, until it closed due to falling rolls in the 1950s.
Parnell Road
* Whitby Lodge, 330 Parnell Road – erected by the early 1870s, Whitby Lodge is one of few surviving colonial dwellings in Auckland constructed of the local volcanic stone
basalt
Basalt (; ) is an aphanite, aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the planetary surface, surface of a terrestrial ...
. Possibly erected as early as 1848 or 1852. It is possible that Fraser erected a building on the site at the time of his purchase in 1864, or improved an existing structure. The roof beams are not supported by the masonry walls, suggesting this is an earlier wooden structure which was subsequently clad in stone. The building was occupied by the Consulate General of the Cook Islands as an Embassy from 1978 until 1 December 1994.
* Hulme Court, 350 Parnell Road – a stone-built, Regency-style house surrounded by trellised verandahs, was built in 1843 for
Sir Fredrick Whitaker; it is the second oldest surviving house in Auckland, and the oldest documented dwelling still standing on its original site. In its early years, the house was occupied by a succession of notable people including
George Selwyn,
Governor Gore Browne, who used it as a temporary Government House in the 1850s, and
Sir Francis Dillon Bell, who was the Minister of Native Affairs and an advisor to
Governor Grey, and
Colonel Hulme, who acted as commander of
British Army
The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...
troops in
New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...
, and after whom the house is named.
* Former Parnell Public Library – corner of Parnell Road and St Georges Bay Road. 1920s Neo-Classical building.
Saint Stephen's Corner
* The
Anglican Cathedral, which stands at the top of the hill, is the most distinctive feature of Parnell. The cathedral serves as a replacement to the original St Mary's Cathedral, which was demolished in 1888 after standing for just 28 years. The building has two parts: the brick
choir
A choir ( ; also known as a chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers. Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform. Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire, which ...
and body of the church date from about 1960 and represent a "modern" simplified version of
Gothic
Gothic or Gothics may refer to:
People and languages
*Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes
**Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths
**Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...
. This closely resembles
Guildford Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of the Holy Spirit, Guildford, commonly known as Guildford Cathedral, is the Anglican cathedral at Guildford, Surrey, England. Richard Onslow donated the first of land on which the cathedral stands, with Viscount Bennett, ...
, by
Edward Maufe
Sir Edward Brantwood Maufe, Royal Academy, RA, FRIBA (12 December 1882 – 12 December 1974) was an English architect and designer. He built private homes as well as commercial and institutional buildings, and is remembered chiefly for his ...
, completed in 1961. The massing of the forms, the detailing of the masonry and the smooth expanses of plain brick occur in both buildings. Over the transept entrance stands a bronze sculpture of the Archangel
Michael
Michael may refer to:
People
* Michael (given name), a given name
* Michael (surname), including a list of people with the surname Michael
Given name "Michael"
* Michael (archangel), ''first'' of God's archangels in the Jewish, Christian an ...
defeating the
Devil
A devil is the personification of evil as it is conceived in various cultures and religious traditions. It is seen as the objectification of a hostile and destructive force. Jeffrey Burton Russell states that the different conceptions of t ...
, very similar to the
Epstein The surname Epstein ( yi, עפּשטײן, Epshteyn) is one of the oldest Ashkenazi Jewish family names. It is probably derived from the German town of Eppstein, in Hesse; the place-name was probably derived from Gaulish ''apa'' ("water", in the sen ...
sculpture of the same subject on
Coventry Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of Saint Michael, commonly known as Coventry Cathedral, is the seat of the Bishop of Coventry and the Diocese of Coventry within the Church of England. The cathedral is located in Coventry, West Midlands, England. The curren ...
(finished 1962). The front part of the church, built in the 1990s to the design of Professor
Richard Toy
Richard Horton Beauclerc Toy (9 May 1911 – 2 July 1995) was a New Zealand architect renowned for his church architecture.
Toy was born in Ignace, Ontario, Canada in 1911. His family moved to New Zealand in 1923. He enrolled in agricultu ...
and
John Sinclair, recalls the new
Coventry Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of Saint Michael, commonly known as Coventry Cathedral, is the seat of the Bishop of Coventry and the Diocese of Coventry within the Church of England. The cathedral is located in Coventry, West Midlands, England. The curren ...
built after World War II. It features large stained-glass windows, illuminated by the sunlight at certain times of the day.
Māori
Māori or Maori can refer to:
Relating to the Māori people
* Māori people of New Zealand, or members of that group
* Māori language, the language of the Māori people of New Zealand
* Māori culture
* Cook Islanders, the Māori people of the C ...
motifs and symbols appear in the newer part of the building, which awaits a large spire to finish the composition.
*
St Mary's Cathedral Church – Next to this building stands the smaller St Mary's, a wooden neo-Gothic structure which dates from 1885 and served as the pro-cathedral after the demolition of the earlier St Mary's and until the building of the current cathedral. Designed by
B.W Mountfort
Benjamin Woolfield Mountfort (13 March 1825 – 15 March 1898) was an English emigrant to New Zealand, where he became one of the country's most prominent 19th-century architects. He was instrumental in shaping the city of Christchurch's unique ...
, it stood on the other side of Parnell Road until the 1980s.
* Bishopscourt – St Stephens Avenue. Also known as Selwyn Court, this is the residence of the Anglican
Bishop of Auckland. This wooden gothic house, designed by
Frederick Thatcher
The Reverend Frederick Thatcher (1814 – 19 October 1890) was an English and New Zealand architect and clergyman.
He was born at Hastings to a long-established Sussex family. He practised as an architect in London from 1835 and was one of the ...
, has a chapel and an octagonal turret.
Bishop Selwyn
George Augustus Selwyn (5 April 1809 – 11 April 1878) was the first Anglican Bishop of New Zealand. He was Bishop of New Zealand (which included Melanesia) from 1841 to 1869. His diocese was then subdivided and Selwyn was Metropolitan (late ...
and his wife moved here in May 1865.
*
Neligan House Neligan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Neligan (1899–1983), "The Spy in the Castle"
* Dorinda Neligan (1833–1914), Irish-born English headmistress and suffragette
* Gwendoline Neligan (1905–1972), British fence ...
– St Stephens Avenue. Fine Arts & Crafts brick residence built for
Bishop Neligan in 1908 by Noel Bamford & Hector Pierce.
* St Stephens House – St Stephens Avenue. Wooden Edwardian mansion, now used for Anglican social services.
* The Old Deanery – St Stephens Avenue – A
Frederick Thatcher
The Reverend Frederick Thatcher (1814 – 19 October 1890) was an English and New Zealand architect and clergyman.
He was born at Hastings to a long-established Sussex family. He practised as an architect in London from 1835 and was one of the ...
-designed neo-Tudor house built from volcanic scoria rock, probably by Benjamin Strange. This is probably the birthplace of the novelist
Hugh Walpole
Sir Hugh Seymour Walpole, Commander of the Order of the British Empire, CBE (13 March 18841 June 1941) was an English novelist. He was the son of an Anglican clergyman, intended for a career in the church but drawn instead to writing. Among th ...
whose father was Dean of the Cathedral at the time.
Northern area of Parnell
![St Stephen's Chapel, Auckland, New Zealand](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/St_Stephen%27s_Chapel%2C_Auckland%2C_New_Zealand.jpg)
* Tower House, 33 St Stephen's Avenue – landmark brick mansion from 1904 with distinctive turret. The residence of A.E.T. Devore, Mayor of Auckland 1886–1889.
*
Parnell Rose Gardens
Dove-Myer Robinson Park, more commonly known as the Parnell Rose Garden, is a park in Parnell, New Zealand, Parnell, Auckland, New Zealand. The park is named after Dove-Myer Robinson, the longest-serving mayor of Auckland, who served for 18 yea ...
Dove Myer Robinson Park
Dove-Myer Robinson Park, more commonly known as the Parnell Rose Garden, is a park in Parnell, New Zealand, Parnell, Auckland, New Zealand. The park is named after Dove-Myer Robinson, the longest-serving mayor of Auckland, who served for 18 yea ...
, 85 to 87 Gladstone Road, Parnell – this park was created in 1913 as Parnell Park – (Parnell amalgamated with Auckland that year) largely as a result of the activities of Auckland Mayor Christopher Parr (later Sir James Parr). It was renamed in the 1970s to honour the popular and longest-serving mayor of Auckland, Sir Dove Myer Robinson. The park was created out of the gardens of several large estates which occupied the point in the late 19th century; primarily that of Sir John Logan Campbell and Justice Gillies; it enjoys expansive views of the Waitematā Harbour. This area consists of a number of different areas; the cottage style
Nancy Steen Memorial Garden
Nancy may refer to:
Places France
* Nancy, France, a city in the northeastern French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle and formerly the capital of the duchy of Lorraine
** Arrondissement of Nancy, surrounding and including the city of Nancy
...
popular for wedding ceremonies; sweeping on down to Judges Bay and the salt water Parnell Baths. The Parnell Rose Garden is a major city attraction, containing beautifully maintained rose beds, and leads on to extended open spaces and areas with specimen trees. The park is also home to some remarkable native trees – the oldest manuka and largest pohutukawa in Auckland. There are car parking facilities and artworks at the Fred Ambler Lookout, an open space that overlooks the container terminal.
*
Judges Bay
A judge is an official who presides over a court.
Judge or Judges may also refer to:
Roles
*Judge, an alternative name for an adjudicator in a competition in theatre, music, sport, etc.
*Judge, an alternative name/aviator call sign for a memb ...
– so-called because in 1841 Judge
William Martin and Attorney General
William Swainson arrived in Auckland with houses in prefabricated sections. Swainson built on the west side and the Martins on the east of this bay. Known as Taurarua ‘the two ropes’ it is thought that this name referred to the two administrators of British justice. From here Martin and his neighbour Swainson would commute to work in Auckland by rowboat; they employed Māori boatmen who were supplied with uniforms.
Lady Martin taught English to the local Māori and late in her life wrote of her experiences in early colonial New Zealand.
*
St Stephens Church and graveyard – important early Anglican Chapel and cemetery.
*
Parnell Swimming Pool
The Parnell Baths are a historic swimming pool in Parnell, Auckland. The pools feature the largest saltwater swimming pool in New Zealand, originally filling with seawater from the Waitematā Harbour. In the 1950s, the pool complex was redevel ...
– 1950 modernist design by the office of the City Architect
Tibor Donner
Tibor Donner (19 September 1907 – 11 March 1993) was Chief Architect for the Auckland City Council from 1947-1967.
Personal life
Tibor Karoly Donner was born in Szabadka, Austria-Hungary (now known as Subotica and part of Serbia), on 19 Septe ...
. It owes much to the AA-trained architect,
Ralph Wilkinson
Ralph (pronounced ; or ,) is a male given name of English, Scottish and Irish origin, derived from the Old English ''Rædwulf'' and Radulf, cognate with the Old Norse ''Raðulfr'' (''rað'' "counsel" and ''ulfr'' "wolf").
The most common forms ...
, who was then working in Donner's office.
Ewen Wainscott
Ewen is a male given name, most common throughout Scotland as well as Canada, due to the immigration of Scottish people. It is an anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic name, List of Scottish Gaelic given names#E, Eòghann. It is possibly a derivativ ...
was site architect. noted for murals by
James Turkington
James is a common English language surname and given name:
*James (name), the typically masculine first name James
* James (surname), various people with the last name James
James or James City may also refer to:
People
* King James (disambiguati ...
The complex won an
NZIA Gold Medal in 1957.
Southern area of Parnell
*
Kinder House
Kinder House is a List of category 1 historic places in Auckland, historic house on Ayr Street, in the suburb of Parnell, New Zealand, Parnell, Auckland, New Zealand.
History
Kinder House, sometimes known as "The Headmaster's House" was built ...
– scoria residence built for the Rev
John Kinder
John Kinder (born September 28, 1974 in Santa Ana, California) is a Japanese American stock car racing, stock car racing driver. He is a former competitor in the NASCAR SuperTruck Series by Craftsman and the Winston West Series, and in the United ...
(1819–1903)in 1857, of volcanic scoria rock by Benjamin Strange. Now a museum, Kinder House is open to the public weekdays from 11 am to 3 pm. There is a modest entry charge. Various booklets and postcards are on sale.
*
Ewelme Cottage
Ewelme Cottage is a historic house on Ayr Street, in the suburb of Parnell, New Zealand, Parnell, Auckland, New Zealand.
Ewelme Cottage is named after the church of the same name. It was built mostly of kauri in 1863 and 1864 for Church of Engla ...
– the kauri-constructed Ewelme Cottage has a link with the Anglican community in Auckland, the dwelling designed and built by the Reverend
Vicesimus Lush (1817–1882) and his wife Blanche in 1863–64. Ewelme Cottage, was extended 18 years after it was originally built; it remained in family hands until 1968 when it became part of the New Zealand Historic Places Trust.
* Jubilee Building – The New Zealand Jubilee Institute for the Blind was founded in 1890 by John Abbott, merchant, who came to New Zealand in 1864. The Institute school had originally been established in an old boarding house in Parnell in 1889. A more permanent school was built in 1891 with money from a mayoralty fund set up to celebrate the Jubilee of
Queen Victoria
Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 21 ...
, resulting in the name "Jubilee Institute". This building burnt down in 1897. Between 1907 and 1909, handsome new brick buildings were built for the institute, designed by well-known architect
Edward Bartley
Edward Bartley (23 February 1839 – 28 May 1919) was a Jersey-born New Zealand architect. Beginning as a builder, Bartley transitioned into a career as an architect, not an uncommon occurrence in the 19th century. He is responsible for design ...
and built by W.Philcox and Sons. Additions in 1926 designed by Gummer and Ford provided for adult accommodation, a shop, workshops where the blind worked on various manufacturing projects, and a women's dormitory in 1927. The main building is now an Auckland City community centre and library, the subsidiary buildings are now used for a variety of purposes.
During the early 1970s the suburb became rather dilapidated. Les Harvey, a local businessman, bought up several properties cheaply and created "Parnell Village", encouraging others to follow his lead. This revitalised the area as a weekend tourist shopping destination. This involved Parnell re-inventing itself as a set of "Ye Olde Worlde Shoppes". As many other Victorian buildings underwent demolition in Auckland at the time, period materials became available cheaply, and the buildings of Parnell village emerged altered, extended and tarted up in a somewhat fanciful but fun ersatz
Victorian style. Much of this restyling remains in evidence within Parnell Village and around the Parnell Road shopping area, partly because of the ongoing ownership of the Harvey family's company, City Construction.
Along the upper part of Parnell Road stand a number of 19th-century houses, most of them now used by law firms, accountancy firms, shops, and a few restaurants. The lower part of Parnell has a larger concentration of Edwardian retail buildings, including a number of fashionable boutiques, nightclubs and bars. The streets to each side of Parnell Road remain mainly residential in character, with some townhouses and apartments, especially towards St Georges Bay Road.
At the bottom of Parnell Rise runs Beach Road, so-called because it ran around the beach-front of the now-reclaimed
Mechanics Bay
Mechanics Bay ( mi, Te Tōangaroa) is a Land reclamation, reclaimed bay on the Waitematā Harbour in Auckland, New Zealand. It is also the name of the area of the former bay that is now mainly occupied by commercial and port facilities. Some ...
and
Official Bay
An official is someone who holds an office (function or mandate, regardless whether it carries an actual working space with it) in an organization or government and participates in the exercise of authority, (either their own or that of their ...
. St Georges Bay disappeared at the same time. Here stands the former
Auckland Railway Station
The Strand Station, also referred to as Auckland Strand Station, is a railway station located on the eastern edge of the Auckland CBD. It serves as the long-distance railway station for Auckland. It is the northern terminus of the Northern Ex ...
, an impressive brick 1930 structure, designed by
Gummer and Ford
Gummer and Ford was an architectural firm founded in 1923 in Auckland, New Zealand, by William Gummer and Charles Reginald Ford. It was among the country's best-regarded architectural firm of the first half of the 20th century, designing numer ...
. The City Fathers relocated the Auckland train terminus here from the bottom of Queen Street in 1930. The building ceased to operate as a station in 2003 when
Britomart Transport Centre
Britomart Transport Centre, also known as Britomart railway station, is the public transport hub in the Auckland Central Business District, central business district of Auckland and the northern terminus of the North Island Main Trunk railway ...
became the new Auckland terminus at the former Queen Street site.
Parks
Parnell has several parks and reserves.
*
Dove-Myer Robinson Park, more commonly known as the Parnell Rose Garden – this park was created in 1913 as Parnell Park. Parnell Park was created by combining land belonging to several large houses, one of which (the home of the Gillies family) which was retained as the tearooms. One of the other properties belonged to Sir
John Logan Campbell
Sir John Logan Campbell (3 November 1817 – 22 June 1912) was a prominent Scottish-born New Zealand public figure. He was described by his contemporaries as "the father of Auckland".
Early life
John Logan Campbell was born in Edinburgh, Sco ...
whose house Killbryde was demolished in 1924. The park is distinguished by many mature trees which were planted by the previous private owners. The park was renamed for Sir
Dove-Myer Robinson
Sir Dove-Myer Robinson (15 June 1901 – 14 August 1989) was Mayor of Auckland City from 1959 to 1965 and from 1968 to 1980, the longest tenure of any holder of the office. He was a colourful character and became affectionately known across New ...
, the longest-serving mayor of Auckland, who served for 18 years. The Rose Gardens are popular for weddings and each year in November, the park is host to the Parnell Festival of Roses, which showcases New Zealand craft stalls, art exhibitions, music, strolling performers and thousands of roses. One portion of the garden is a collection of heritage roses collected by the late Nancy Steen, the
Nancy Steen Garden
Nancy may refer to:
Places France
* Nancy, France, a city in the northeastern French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle and formerly the capital of the duchy of Lorraine
** Arrondissement of Nancy, surrounding and including the city of Nancy
...
. The entrance to the park is a War Memorial built in the 1920s of volcanic basalt composed of three massive arches. The park enjoys views over the Waitematā Harbour; its grounds blend with those of the adjacent historic Anglican St Stephen's Chapel & graveyard,
Judges Bay Reserve
A judge is an official who presides over a court.
Judge or Judges may also refer to:
Roles
*Judge, an alternative name for an adjudicator in a competition in theatre, music, sport, etc.
*Judge, an alternative name/aviator call sign for a memb ...
and
Point Resolution Park
Point or points may refer to:
Places
* Point, Lewis, a peninsula in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland
* Point, Texas, a city in Rains County, Texas, United States
* Point, the NE tip and a ferry terminal of Lismore, Inner Hebrides, Scotland
* Point ...
with its
Parnell Swimming Baths Parnell may refer to:
People
Surname
* Anna Catherine Parnell (1852–1911), Irish nationalist
* Archie Parnell, American political candidate
* Arthur Parnell (died 1935), British Anglican priest
*Babe Parnell (1901–1982), American football play ...
.
*
Point Resolution Park
Point or points may refer to:
Places
* Point, Lewis, a peninsula in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland
* Point, Texas, a city in Rains County, Texas, United States
* Point, the NE tip and a ferry terminal of Lismore, Inner Hebrides, Scotland
* Point ...
– located above the
Parnell Swimming Baths Parnell may refer to:
People
Surname
* Anna Catherine Parnell (1852–1911), Irish nationalist
* Archie Parnell, American political candidate
* Arthur Parnell (died 1935), British Anglican priest
*Babe Parnell (1901–1982), American football play ...
and includes a walkway across the railway line and
Tamaki Drive
Tamaki Drive is the coastal road which follows the contours of the Waitematā Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand. The road links the suburbs Ōrākei, Mission Bay, and Kohimarama ending in Saint Heliers providing easy access to the local beaches. T ...
to connect with the
Waitematā Harbour
Waitematā Harbour is the main access by sea to Auckland, New Zealand. For this reason it is often referred to as Auckland Harbour, despite the fact that it is one of two harbours adjoining the city. The harbour forms the northern and easter ...
.
*
Judges Bay Reserve
A judge is an official who presides over a court.
Judge or Judges may also refer to:
Roles
*Judge, an alternative name for an adjudicator in a competition in theatre, music, sport, etc.
*Judge, an alternative name/aviator call sign for a memb ...
Judges Bay
A judge is an official who presides over a court.
Judge or Judges may also refer to:
Roles
*Judge, an alternative name for an adjudicator in a competition in theatre, music, sport, etc.
*Judge, an alternative name/aviator call sign for a memb ...
and the adjacent
Parnell Swimming Baths Parnell may refer to:
People
Surname
* Anna Catherine Parnell (1852–1911), Irish nationalist
* Archie Parnell, American political candidate
* Arthur Parnell (died 1935), British Anglican priest
*Babe Parnell (1901–1982), American football play ...
provide saltwater bathing.
*
St Stephen's Churchyard – one of Auckland's oldest cemeteries and the location of a
Selwyn Church
The Selwyn churches were a group of 19th century Anglican churches and chapels in the Auckland Region, Auckland region, New Zealand named after George Selwyn (bishop of Lichfield), Bishop Selwyn who inspired their construction. The majority were ...
.
*
Ayr Reserve
Ayr (; sco, Ayr; gd, Inbhir Àir, "Mouth of the River Ayr") is a town situated on the southwest coast of Scotland. It is the administrative centre of the South Ayrshire Subdivisions of Scotland, council area and the historic Shires of Scotlan ...
– an area of largely native bush accessible from Ayr Street, Laurie, Avenue, Kenderdine Lane and Cathedral Place.
*
Alberon Reserve – an area of native bush accessible from Alberon Street, Staffa Street and St Georges Bay Road.
*
Scarborough Reserve Scarborough or Scarboro may refer to:
People
* Scarborough (surname)
* Earl of Scarbrough
Places Australia
* Scarborough, Western Australia, suburb of Perth
* Scarborough, New South Wales, suburb of Wollongong
* Scarborough, Queensland, sub ...
– an area of Native bush accessible from Scarborough Terrace.
*
Heard Park
Heard may refer to:
*Hearing (sense)
*Heard (surname)
*The Heard, an American 1960s garage rock band
*Heard Island and McDonald Islands, an Australian external territory
*Heard County, Georgia, U.S.
See also
*Herd
*Hird
*Hurd (disambiguation) ...
– located in the centre of Parnell Village. This land was donated to the city in 1953 by the Heard family, the owners of Heards Candy. The large
Art-Deco
Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the United ...
Heards building is adjacent to the park, now no longer a working confectionery factory.
* Fraser Park – located at the western end of Parnell Road. This triangular piece of land was previously the location of Parnell School; its wooden school buildings were demolished in the 1950s.
*
Carlaw Park
Carlaw Park was a multi-purpose stadium in Parnell, New Zealand, Parnell, a central suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. It neighboured the Auckland Domain's Northern end. It was primarily used for rugby league and had a peak spectator capacity of aro ...
– located in Parnell, was the home of
rugby league
Rugby league football, commonly known as just rugby league and sometimes football, footy, rugby or league, is a full-contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field measuring 68 metres (75 yards) wide and 112 ...
football in Auckland from 1921 to 2002.
*
Auckland Domain
The Auckland Domain, also known as Pukekawa / Auckland Domain, is a large park in Auckland, New Zealand. It is the oldest park in the city, and at is one of the largest. Located in the central suburb of Grafton, the park land is the remains o ...
– arguably also part of Grafton, forms the westernmost edge of Parnell and houses extensive forest, the
Auckland War Memorial Museum
The Auckland War Memorial Museum Tāmaki Paenga Hira (or simply the Auckland Museum) is one of New Zealand's most important museums and war memorials. Its collections concentrate on New Zealand history (and especially the history of the Aucklan ...
, and the Winter Gardens.
*
Awatea Reserve Awatea is a Māori language, Māori term meaning ''The dawning of a new day''.
* The Forsyth Barr Stadium at University Plaza in Dunedin, New Zealand, known during planning as "Awatea Street Stadium" after its location
* HMT Awatea, ''Awatea'', a ...
- accessible from Waitoa Street and Awatea Road, an area of grass fringed with trees, and a view south-east from the steep bluffs above Hobson Bay.
Infrastructure
Until 2017 Parnell never had a dedicated railway station.
Parnell Railway Station
Parnell railway station is a station serving the inner-city suburb of Parnell in Auckland, New Zealand. It is situated on the Newmarket Line, approximately 600m north of Parnell Tunnel, and is located in the Waipapa Valley adjacent to Aucklan ...
was opened to the public in March 2017. It serves the
Western
Western may refer to:
Places
*Western, Nebraska, a village in the US
*Western, New York, a town in the US
*Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia
*Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia
*Western world, countries that id ...
and
Southern
Southern may refer to:
Businesses
* China Southern Airlines, airline based in Guangzhou, China
* Southern Airways, defunct US airline
* Southern Air, air cargo transportation company based in Norwalk, Connecticut, US
* Southern Airways Express, M ...
Lines. It was built near the Mainline Steam Depot at the west of the Parnell commercial area, and north of the
Parnell Tunnel
The Parnell Tunnel is a railway tunnel under Parnell, Auckland, New Zealand. It is long, and is on the Newmarket Line.
The tunnel allows the Western, Southern and Onehunga lines coming from the Newmarket Train Station to Britomart Transport ...
, which has been located beneath the suburb since 1873.
Education
Parnell lies within easy reach of two universities (
University of Auckland
, mottoeng = By natural ability and hard work
, established = 1883; years ago
, endowment = NZD $293 million (31 December 2021)
, budget = NZD $1.281 billion (31 December 2021)
, chancellor = Cecilia Tarrant
, vice_chancellor = Dawn F ...
and
Auckland University of Technology
Auckland University of Technology (AUT) ( mi, Te Wānanga Aronui o Tāmaki Makau Rau) is a university in New Zealand, formed on 1 January 2000 when a former technical college (originally established in 1895) was granted university status. AUT ...
) and of some significant State secondary schools:
Auckland Grammar School
Auckland (pronounced ) ( mi, Tāmaki Makaurau) is a large metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand. The most populous urban area in the country and the fifth largest city in Oceania, Auckland has an urban population of about I ...
,
Epsom Girls' Grammar School
, motto_translation = ''Through difficulties to greatness.''
, coordinates =
, type = State Single Sex Girls Secondary (Year 9–13) with Boarding Facilities
, established = 12 February 1917
, MOE = 64
, principal = Lorraine Pound
, colo ...
,
St Peter's College and
Baradene College of the Sacred Heart
Baradene College of the Sacred Heart is a Catholic high school for girls aged from 11 to 18 (Year 7–13) located in Remuera, Auckland, New Zealand. It is based on the philosophy of Madeleine Sophie Barat, who founded the Society of the Sacred H ...
.
ACG Parnell College
ACG Parnell College is an independent co-educational facility and is part of ACG Schools, whose New Zealand schools are members of the Independent Schools of New Zealand (ISNZ). The school is located in the suburb of Parnell in Auckland, New Ze ...
is a private composite school (years 1–13) with a roll of as of
Parnell District School is a state full primary school (years 1–8) with a roll of as of
Both these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of
Notable residents
*
William Martin (1807–1880), first Chief Justice of New Zealand – lived in
Judges Bay
A judge is an official who presides over a court.
Judge or Judges may also refer to:
Roles
*Judge, an alternative name for an adjudicator in a competition in theatre, music, sport, etc.
*Judge, an alternative name/aviator call sign for a memb ...
– hence the name
*
William Swainson 1809–1884 – Attorney-General, member of the Executive and Legislative Councils, and writer – the other judge who lived in
Judges Bay
A judge is an official who presides over a court.
Judge or Judges may also refer to:
Roles
*Judge, an alternative name for an adjudicator in a competition in theatre, music, sport, etc.
*Judge, an alternative name/aviator call sign for a memb ...
* Anglican Bishop of Auckland. Every bishop since
George Selwyn has resided in the Palace;
Bishops Court
A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution.
In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...
in St Stephen's Ave or Neligan House next door
* Reverend
John Kinder
John Kinder (born September 28, 1974 in Santa Ana, California) is a Japanese American stock car racing, stock car racing driver. He is a former competitor in the NASCAR SuperTruck Series by Craftsman and the Winston West Series, and in the United ...
Anglican clergyman, watercolourist and early photographer. Kinder House, Ayr Street
* Reverend
Vicesimus Lush (1817–1882) and his wife Blanche in 1863–64.
Ewelme Cottage
Ewelme Cottage is a historic house on Ayr Street, in the suburb of Parnell, New Zealand, Parnell, Auckland, New Zealand.
Ewelme Cottage is named after the church of the same name. It was built mostly of kauri in 1863 and 1864 for Church of Engla ...
Ayr Street
* Sir
Frederick Whitaker
Sir Frederick Whitaker (23 April 1812 – 4 December 1891) was an English-born New Zealand politician who served twice as the premier of New Zealand and six times as Attorney-General.
Early life
Whitaker was born at the Deanery Manor House, ...
– Lawyer and New Zealand Premier – Built the house now known as
Hulme Court
* Lieutenant Colonel
William Hulme
William Hulme (c.1631 – 1691) was an English lawyer and landowner from Lancashire responsible for the creation of the Hulme Trust (also known as Hulme's Charity).
Early life
The Hulme family's pedigree was recorded by the Heralds in a Vi ...
(1788–1855) – Commander of British Troops in New Zealand – lived at
Hulme Court, Parnell Road
* Governor Colonel Sir
Thomas Gore Browne
Colonel Sir Thomas Robert Gore Browne, (3 July 1807 – 17 April 1887) was a British colonial administrator, who was Governor of St Helena, Governor of New Zealand, Governor of Tasmania and Governor of Bermuda.
Early life
Browne was born on ...
KCMG CB (1807–1887), Governor of New Zealand (1855–1861); used Hulme Court as a temporary Government House
* Sir
Francis Dillon Bell
Sir Francis Dillon Bell (8 October 1822 – 15 July 1898) was a New Zealand politician of the late 19th century. He served as New Zealand's third Minister of Finance (the first parliamentary finance minister), and later as its third Speaker of ...
– Minister of Native Affairs and advisor to
Governor Grey – resided at Hulme Court
* Captain Thomas Sparrow Carmichael (1825–1900) – 66 St Georges Bay Road
* Justice Gillies – house on Gladstone Road – now the Tearooms for the
Parnell Rose Gardens
Dove-Myer Robinson Park, more commonly known as the Parnell Rose Garden, is a park in Parnell, New Zealand, Parnell, Auckland, New Zealand. The park is named after Dove-Myer Robinson, the longest-serving mayor of Auckland, who served for 18 yea ...
* Sir John
Logan Campbell and Lady Campbell – lived on Gladstone road, the house
Killbryde was demolished in 1924 and the land incorporated in the Parnell Rose Gardens
*
Hugh Walpole
Sir Hugh Seymour Walpole, Commander of the Order of the British Empire, CBE (13 March 18841 June 1941) was an English novelist. He was the son of an Anglican clergyman, intended for a career in the church but drawn instead to writing. Among th ...
– novelist – Walpole was born in Parnell, probably in the Anglican Deanery in St Stephen's Avenue
*Sir
John Key
Sir John Phillip Key (born 9 August 1961) is a New Zealand retired politician who served as the 38th prime minister of New Zealand, Prime Minister of New Zealand from 2008 to 2016 and as Leader of the New Zealand National Party from 2006 to ...
,
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...
(2008–2016) lives on St Stephen's Avenue
* A.E.T. Devore, Mayor of Auckland 1886–1889
*
Harry Diddams
Harry John Charles Diddams (26 April 1864 – 11 March 1929) was a master printer and politician in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. He served two terms as List of mayors and lord mayors of Brisbane, Mayor of the City of Brisbane before its ama ...
(1864–1929), Mayor of Brisbane (1911, 1921–1924)
* Patrick Steel – Fashion designer –
Young Designer of the Year
Young may refer to:
* Offspring, the product of reproduction of a new organism produced by one or more parents
* Youth, the time of life when one is young, often meaning the time between childhood and adulthood
Music
* The Young, an American roc ...
at the 1974
Benson & Hedges Fashion Design Awards
Benson & Hedges Fashion Design Awards was a New Zealand fashion competition that ran from 1964 to 1998. It was the country's major competitive fashion event during this period. The Awards' open entry format offered an opportunity for new fashion ...
* Sir
Harcourt Caughey
Sir Thomas Harcourt Clarke "Pat" Caughey (4 July 1911 – 4 August 1993) was a New Zealand rugby union player.
Early life and family
Born in Auckland in 1911, Caughey was the son of James Marsden Caughey, whose aunt, Marianne Smith (née Caug ...
KBE CSTJ (1911–1993), All Black and chief executive
*
Peggy Spicer
Mary Margaret Gore Spicer (1908–1984) was a New Zealand artist.
Education
Spicer was educated at Chilton Saint James School in Lower Hutt, New Zealand, and Diocesan School for Girls, Auckland, Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland. She then ...
(1908–1984), painter
*
Peter Hudson
Peter John Hudson AM (born 19 February 1946) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Hawthorn Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and for the New Norfolk Football Club and Glenorchy Football Club in the Ta ...
(1930–1992) and
David Halls
Peter John Hudson (8 November 1930 – September 1992) and David George Halls (14 October 1936 – 24 November 1993) were a television chef duo, whose cookery show, ''Hudson & Halls'', ran on New Zealand television from 1976 to 1986. They gaine ...
(1938–1993), television entertainers and chefs
Further reading
* ''The Heart of Colonial Auckland, 1865–1910''. Terence Hodgson. Random Century NZ Ltd 1992.
* ''Colonial Architecture in New Zealand''. John Stacpoole.
A.H & A.W Reed 1976.
* ''Decently And in Order, The Centennial History of the Auckland City Council''. G.W.A Bush. Collins 1971.
* ''Auckland Through A Victorian Lens''. William Main. Millwood Press, 1977.
* ''Auckland's Original Shoreline''. Dr Neride Campbell. Heart of the City 2005.
* ''The Lively Capital, Auckland 1840–1865''. Una Platts. Avon Fine Prints Limited New Zealand 1971.
References
External links
Parnell Business Associations Guide to ParnellParnell Heritage WalksWhat's happening in ParnellParnell HistoryParnell District Schoolheld in
Auckland Libraries
Auckland Libraries is the public library system for the Auckland Region of New Zealand. It was created when the seven separate councils in the Auckland region merged in 2010. It is currently the largest public-library network in the Southern He ...
' heritage collections.
{{Waitematā Local Board Area
Suburbs of Auckland
Waitematā Local Board Area
Populated places around the Waitematā Harbour