Park Yung-hyo or Bak Young-hyo (; 1861 – 21 September 1939) was a
Korean
Korean may refer to:
People and culture
* Koreans, ethnic group originating in the Korean Peninsula
* Korean cuisine
* Korean culture
* Korean language
**Korean alphabet, known as Hangul or Chosŏn'gŭl
**Korean dialects and the Jeju language
** ...
politician from the
Joseon Dynasty
Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and re ...
, an enlightenment activist, diplomat and
pro-Japanese collaborator. He was one of the organizers of the
Gapsin Coup of 1884, in which progressive political elements attempted to overthrow the conservative Korean government. He become Prince Consort Geumneung through his marriage to
Princess Yeonghye
Princess Yeonghye (Hangul: 영혜옹주; Hanja: 永惠翁主, 1858 – 4 July 1872) or firstly honoured as Princess Yeongsuk (Hangul: 영숙옹주; Hanja: 永淑翁主), was the daughter of King Cheoljong of Joseon and Royal Consort Suk-ui of the ...
,
King Cheoljong's daughter.
Early life and education
Park Yung-hyo was born in
Suwon
Suwon (, ) is the capital and largest city of Gyeonggi-do, South Korea's most populous province which surrounds Seoul, the national capital. Suwon lies about south of Seoul. It is traditionally known as "The City of Filial Piety". With a populati ...
, south of
Hanseong
Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 of ...
. He was the third son of Park Won-yang and his mother was Lady Yi of the Jeonui Yi clan. By birth, he also had a distant connection with the Royal Family: his 7-great-grandfather was Park Se-gyo (朴世橋, 박세교; 1611 – 1663), the only son of
King Seonjo
Seonjo of Joseon (26 November 1552 – 16 March 1608) was the fourteenth king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea from 1567 to 1608. He was known for encouraging Confucianism and renovating state affairs at the beginning of his reign. However, politi ...
's 5th daughter, Princess Jeongan (정안 옹주; 1590 – 1660), and Park Mi, Prince Consort Geumyang (박미 금양위, 朴瀰 錦陽尉; 1592 – 1645).
On April 3, 1872, he was chosen to be the spouse of
Princess Yeonghye
Princess Yeonghye (Hangul: 영혜옹주; Hanja: 永惠翁主, 1858 – 4 July 1872) or firstly honoured as Princess Yeongsuk (Hangul: 영숙옹주; Hanja: 永淑翁主), was the daughter of King Cheoljong of Joseon and Royal Consort Suk-ui of the ...
(영혜옹주; 永惠翁主), the only living daughter of
King Cheoljong, the 25th King of the
Joseon Dynasty
Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and re ...
. However, the princess passed away merely three months after their wedding.
Together with
Kim Ok-gyun
Kim Ok-gyun (김옥균; 金玉均; February 23, 1851 – March 28, 1894) was a reformist (''Gaehwapa'', 개화파) activist during the late Joseon dynasty of Korea. He served under the national civil service under King Gojong, and actively par ...
, Park was a strong supporter of the Dongnipdang, or “Enlightenment Party”, which sought to reform the government, economy, and military by incorporating Western technology and methodology, so that Korea would become stable enough to withstand increasing foreign encroachment. He accompanied Kim on his visit to
Tokyo
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 ...
, meeting with various influential Japanese politicians, including
Fukuzawa Yukichi
was a Japanese educator, philosopher, writer, entrepreneur and samurai who founded Keio University, the newspaper '' Jiji-Shinpō'', and the Institute for Study of Infectious Diseases.
Fukuzawa was an early advocate for reform in Japan. His ...
.
Career
He is credited with creating the first
Korean national flag, in 1882.
Bak Yeonghyo:Korean historical person information
Gapsin Coup
Park was one of the leaders of the 1884 Gapsin Coup that attempted to overthrow the government and institute Western-style reforms. The coup attempt lasted only three days before its suppression by Chinese troops. He was forced to flee to Japan, where he initially stayed with Fukuzawa Yukichi, before moving on to Kobe
Kobe ( , ; officially , ) is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture Japan. With a population around 1.5 million, Kobe is Japan's seventh-largest city and the third-largest port city after Tokyo and Yokohama. It is located in Kansai region, whic ...
.
Subsequent career
Park served briefly as Minister of the Interior and Prime Minister in 1895, playing an important role in opening up Korea. However, following the Gabo Reform and the assassination of Queen Min
Empress Myeongseong or Empress Myungsung (명성황후 민씨; 17 November 1851 – 8 October 1895In lunar calendar, the Empress was born on 25 September 1851 and died on 20 August 1895), informally known as Empress Min, was the official wife ...
, Park fled to Japan once again, where he remained until 1907. On his return, he accepted the post of Royal Household Minister under Yi Wan-yong
Ye Wan-yong (; 17 July 1858 – 12 February 1926), also spelled Yi Wan-yong or Lee Wan-yong ( ko, 이완용), was a Korean politician who served as the 7th Prime Minister of Korea. He was pro-Japanese and is best remembered for signing the J ...
.
Following the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1910, in which Korea was annexed to the Empire of Japan, Park was awarded with the ''kazoku
The was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. They succeeded the feudal lords () and court nobles (), but were abolished with the 1947 constitution.
Kazoku ( 華族) should not be confused with ' ...
'' title of marquess (''koshaku'') in the Japanese peerage, and a seat in the House of Peers in the Diet of Japan
The is the national legislature of Japan. It is composed of a lower house, called the House of Representatives (, ''Shūgiin''), and an upper house, the House of Councillors (, '' Sangiin''). Both houses are directly elected under a paralle ...
. He served as Director of the Bank of Chosen
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets.
Because ...
in 1918, Chairman of the Korean Economic Association in 1919, first president of ''The Dong-a Ilbo
The ''Dong-A Ilbo'' (, literally ''East Asia Daily'') is a newspaper of record in Korea since 1920 with a daily circulation of more than 1.2 million and opinion leaders as its main readers. ''The Dong-A Ilbo'' is the parent company of Dong-A M ...
'' newspaper in 1920, president of the Kyungbang Corporation, chairman of the Korea Industrialization Bank in 1921, and advisor to the Government-General of Korea
Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...
’s Central Institute.
Family
Among Park's granddaughters was Park Chan-ju
Park Chan-ju (박찬주, 朴贊珠) (11 December 1914 – 13 July 1995), was the spouse of Prince Yi U of Korea.
She was a granddaughter of Marquis Park Yeong-hyo, who was a son-in-law of King Cheoljong of Joseon as a husband of Princess Yeongh ...
(박찬주, 朴贊珠) (11 December 1914 – 13 July 1995), who was the mother of Yi U
Colonel Prince Yi U (15 November 1912 – 7 August 1945) was a member of the imperial family of Korea as a prince, the 4th head of Unhyeon Palace, and a lieutenant colonel in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. He was killed ...
(이우, 李鍝) (15 August 1912 - 7 August 1945) and grandmother of Yi Cheong
Yi Cheong (born 23 April 1936) is a member of the former Imperial Family of Korea and was a Korean-Japanese noble during Korea under Japanese rule in 1945–1947. He is a great-great-grandson of Heungseon Daewongun and the eldest son of Yi U ...
(이청, 李淸) (born 23 April 1936).
Writings
* '' Sahwa giryak'' (사화기략, 使和記略)
See also
* Ye Wanyong
Ye Wan-yong (; 17 July 1858 – 12 February 1926), also spelled Yi Wan-yong or Lee Wan-yong ( ko, 이완용), was a Korean politician who served as the 7th Prime Minister of Korea. He was pro-Japanese and is best remembered for signing the J ...
* Bak Jesun
Bak or BAK may refer to:
Computer
* Bak file
* ''Betrayal at Krondor'', a DOS-based role-playing video game
* Bill and keep reciprocal payment in telecommunications systems
Acronyms
* Bcl-2 homologous antagonist killer, a protein involved in pro ...
* Yun Chi-ho
Yun Chi-ho (Korean: 윤치호, hanja: 尹致昊, 1864 – 1945) or Tchi ho yun was an important political activist and thinker during the late 1800s and early 1900s in Joseon Korea. His penname was Jwa-ong (좌옹, 佐翁); his courtesy name wa ...
References
External links
Park Young-hyo:Daum
Park Young-hyo:Korean historical People's Information
Park Young-hyo:navercast
Park Young-hyo:naver
Park Young-hyo:nate
{{DEFAULTSORT:Park, Yung-hyo
1861 births
1939 deaths
19th-century Korean people
Korean independence activists
Korean revolutionaries
People from Suwon
Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan
Kazoku
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Politicians of the Korean Empire
Officials of the Korean Empire
Joseon Kazoku