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The Adelaide Park Lands are the figure-eight of land spanning both banks of the
River Torrens The River Torrens , (Karrawirra Parri / Karrawirraparri) is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains. It was one of the main reasons for the siting of the city of Adelaide, capital of South Australia. It flows from its source in the ...
between Hackney and Thebarton and separating the
City of Adelaide The City of Adelaide, also known as the Corporation of the City of Adelaide and Adelaide City Council is a local government area in the metropolitan area of greater Adelaide, South Australia and is legally defined as the capital city of South ...
area (which includes both
Adelaide city centre Adelaide city centre (Kaurna: Tarndanya) is the inner city locality of Greater Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. It is known by locals simply as "the City" or "Town" to distinguish it from Greater Adelaide and from the City of Ade ...
and
North Adelaide North Adelaide is a predominantly residential precinct and suburb of the City of Adelaide in South Australia, situated north of the River Torrens and within the Adelaide Park Lands. History Surveyor-General Colonel William Light of the colo ...
) from the surrounding suburbia of greater metropolitan
Adelaide Adelaide ( ) is the capital city of South Australia, the state's largest city and the fifth-most populous city in Australia. "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater Adelaide (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre. The dem ...
, the capital city of
South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories ...
. They were laid out by
Colonel William Light William Light (27 April 1786 – 6 October 1839), also known as Colonel Light, was a British- Malayan naval and army officer. He was the first Surveyor-General of the new British Province of South Australia, known for choosing the site o ...
in his design for the city, and originally consisted of "exclusive of for a public cemetery". One copy of Light's plan shows areas for a cemetery and a Post and Telegraph Store on West Tce, a small Government Domain and Barracks on the central part of North Tce, a hospital on East Tce, a Botanical Garden on the River Torrens west of North Adelaide, and a school and a storehouse south-west of North Adelaide. Over the years there has been constant encroachment on the Park Lands by the state government and others. Soon after their declaration in 1837, "were lost to 'Government Reserves'".Fiction and Facts about the Adelaide Park Lands
, Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association.
In 1902, ''The Herald'' noted that a total area of had been taken from park lands. In 2018, the loss is about . The part of the Park Lands not in the "Government Reserves" have been managed and maintained by the
Adelaide City Council The City of Adelaide, also known as the Corporation of the City of Adelaide and Adelaide City Council is a local government area in the metropolitan area of greater Adelaide, South Australia and is legally defined as the capital city of Sout ...
since 1852, and since February 2007, the ''Adelaide Park Lands Authority'' has advised council and government. On 7 November 2008 the Federal Minister for Environment, Heritage and the Arts,
Peter Garrett Peter Robert Garrett (born 16 April 1953) is an Australian musician, environmentalist, activist and former politician. In 1973, Garrett became the lead singer of the Australian rock band Midnight Oil. As a performer he is known for his sign ...
, announced that the Adelaide Park Lands had been entered in the
Australian National Heritage List The Australian National Heritage List or National Heritage List (NHL) is a heritage register, a list of national heritage places deemed to be of outstanding heritage significance to Australia, established in 2003. The list includes natural and ...
as "an enduring treasure for the people of South Australia and the nation as a whole". In fact, large areas of the Adelaide Park Lands along the north side of the complete length of North Tce, and along the north side of Port Road from West Tce to the Thebarton Police Barracks, (in Parks 11, 12, 26 and 27), and also the rail reserves, (in Parks 25, 26 and 27), were excluded from the "Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout National Heritage Place" listing.The Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout National Heritage Place
, www.environment.gov.au. Map of City of Adelaide showing the Park Lands and the areas excluded (white) from the listing.


History

Adelaide is a
planned city A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve ...
, and the Adelaide Park Lands are an integral part of
Colonel William Light William Light (27 April 1786 – 6 October 1839), also known as Colonel Light, was a British- Malayan naval and army officer. He was the first Surveyor-General of the new British Province of South Australia, known for choosing the site o ...
's 1837 plan.William Light, sketch map of the site of Adelaide c.Feb 1837 Light chose a site spanning the
River Torrens The River Torrens , (Karrawirra Parri / Karrawirraparri) is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains. It was one of the main reasons for the siting of the city of Adelaide, capital of South Australia. It flows from its source in the ...
(known as Yatala by the local people), and planned the city to fit the topography of the landscape, "on rising ground". The Emigration Regulations appearing in the ''South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register'' published in London on 18 June 1836 instructed that the site of the first town be divided into 1,000 sections of an acre each.Regulation No.7 within: In early 1837, William Light proposed to the Resident Commissioner
James Hurtle Fisher Sir James Hurtle Fisher (1 May 1790 – 28 January 1875) was a lawyer and prominent South Australian pioneer. He was the first Resident Commissioner of the colony of South Australia, the first Mayor of Adelaide and the first resident Sout ...
that the figure-eight of open space, which Light later referred to as "Adelaide Park", be reserved as "Park grounds". Light drew up a plan that included south of the River Torrens and north of the river. In addition, he included of city squares: Hindmarsh, Hurtle,
Light Light or visible light is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), corresponding to frequencies of 750–420 tera ...
, Whitmore and
Wellington Wellington ( mi, Te Whanganui-a-Tara or ) is the capital city of New Zealand. It is located at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Remutaka Range. Wellington is the second-largest city in New Zealand by me ...
Squares (each comprising six acres),
Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...
Square (eight acres), four one-acre Public Reserves (with frontages to Victoria Square), and for the Park Lands. Adelaide's characteristic geometrical
grid pattern In urban planning, the grid plan, grid street plan, or gridiron plan is a type of city plan in which streets run at right angles to each other, forming a grid. Two inherent characteristics of the grid plan, frequent intersections and orthogo ...
is not unique: apart from earlier precedents going back to ancient Greece, it follows part of a series of rules created by Spanish planners for their colonial cities, known as the "Law of the Indies". They included the grid pattern with a main thoroughfare, centred around a main square. There are many historical precedents for five squares, including
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
in
America The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
, designed in 1682 by surveyor
Thomas Holme Thomas Holme (1624–1695) was the first Surveyor General of Pennsylvania. He laid out the first and original plan for the city of Philadelphia. Holme was one of the Valiant Sixty, a group of early leaders and activists in the Religious Society ...
. There are however no records showing that Light deliberately copied any cities or rules for planning. In 1838 the Colonization Commissioners for South Australia authorised South Australia's Resident Commissioner to purchase the Adelaide Park Lands, and these instructions were carried out in South Australia in 1839. By 1839 the Park Lands were threatened by extensive timber cutting, rubbish dumping, brick-making, quarrying, squatting, and grazing. To check this, a body of special constables was instituted on 9 October 1839 by
George Gawler Lieutenant-Colonel George Gawler, KH, (21 July 1795 – 7 May 1869) was the second Governor of South Australia, at the same time serving as Resident Commissioner, from 17 October 1838 until 15 May 1841. Biography Early life Gawler, born on 21 ...
and Superintendent Henry Inman. Inman appointed Nick Boys Bull (-1846), formerly a police sub-inspector, as Keeper of the Park Lands. Bull led an initial team of six park rangers, most being convalescent migrants thrown on government support. This dropped to two by 1840, then back to four by June 1841. Pay and rations were provided by the police department. Since 1852, the areas of the Park Lands placed in the custodianship of the municipal corporation have been managed and maintained by the
Adelaide City Council The City of Adelaide, also known as the Corporation of the City of Adelaide and Adelaide City Council is a local government area in the metropolitan area of greater Adelaide, South Australia and is legally defined as the capital city of Sout ...
. Public use of the Park Lands was controlled by a ranger who patrolled the parks, regulating sporting and recreational activities in the parks and supervising the depasturing of stock grazing there. A variety of now absent wildlife was still present in the Park Lands in the late 1800s, with the
Greater Bilby The greater bilby (''Macrotis lagotis''), often referred to simply as the bilby since the lesser bilby (''Macrotis leucura'') became extinct in the 1950s, is an Australian species of nocturnal omnivorous animal in the order Peramelemorphia. Oth ...
reported as still being numerous in 1890. The former prevalence of the species - which went by the local name of pinky or pingku - is recognised as the likely origin of the place name Pinky Flat. The once abundant species was presumed completely extinct in the wild in South Australia by 1930. The Park Lands saw development during the 19th Century, for example the Adelaide Botanic Garden, hospital, South Australian Institute, Adelaide Oval, Victoria Park Racecourse. Extensive felling of trees, quarrying and dumping of rubbish continued, which combined to give the Park Lands an unsightly appearance. In the late 19th century John Ednie Brown, the government's Conservator of Forests, was commissioned by the City Council to prepare a blueprint for the beautification of the Park Lands. Brown presented his Report in 1880, but it was not acted upon until the turn of the 20th century when A.W. Pelzer became the City Gardener. Major progress was made in planting and landscaping the Park Lands during his tenure (1899–1932) and further improvements such as creation of new gardens and boating lakes were carried under the authority of W.C.D. Veale, the Town Clerk (1947–1965). In July 2007 part of the Adelaide Park Lands and City of Adelaide layout (North and South Adelaide) were granted National Heritage Listing status. The first remarks on the assessor's report were: "The Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout is a significant example of early colonial planning which has retained key elements of its historical layout for over one hundred and seventy years. The 1837 Adelaide Plan attributed to Colonel William Light and the establishment of Adelaide marks a significant turning point in the settlement of Australia."


Park Lands today

In the 2010s, about 25% of the Park Lands are the location of government, public and cultural buildings. Of the remaining approximately , many parts have been sculpted into planned gardens and playing fields. Some of the remainder is remnant or regenerated
Adelaide Plains The Adelaide Plains (Kaurna name Tarndanya) is a plain in South Australia lying between the coast (Gulf St Vincent) on the west and the Mount Lofty Ranges on the east. The southernmost tip of the plain is in the southern seaside suburbs of Ade ...
grasslands or grassy woodlands, of which have been designated and developed by the city council as areas for native fauna and flora. Developments in the early 2000s focused on maintenance and upgrading of recreational facilities, and removal of remnant grasslands and open grassy woodlands, particularly through urbanisation and the Greening of Adelaide tree planting and replacement programs. In the early 2000s there were proposals to redevelop Park16 (Victoria Park), with the construction of a grandstand to cater for the Clipsal 500 and horse racing events. Due to lobbying by local resident groups, the Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association, the media and many residents of greater Adelaide, this plan was eventually rejected by the
Adelaide City Council The City of Adelaide, also known as the Corporation of the City of Adelaide and Adelaide City Council is a local government area in the metropolitan area of greater Adelaide, South Australia and is legally defined as the capital city of Sout ...
and subsequently no longer pursued by the
South Australian Government The Government of South Australia, also referred to as the South Australian Government, SA Government or more formally, His Majesty’s Government, is the Australian state democratic administrative authority of South Australia. It is modelled o ...
. In December 2006 the state government passed the ''Adelaide Park Lands Act 2005'', which established the Adelaide Park Lands Authority and a series of statutory protections for the Park Lands. At the time the Act was proclaimed, Premier Mike Rann announced that a major return of alienated Park Lands would be made at the western edge of the city. The area to be returned lies between Railway Terrace, Port Road and the railway lines. In 2011 Rann unveiled the plans for the return to Park Lands of 5.5 hectares of land at the west end of
Park 25 The Adelaide Park Lands are the figure-eight of land spanning both banks of the River Torrens between Hackney and Thebarton and separating the City of Adelaide area (which includes both Adelaide city centre and North Adelaide) from the surro ...
, occupied since 1879 by the Thebarton Water Depot. The land, which was treeless grasslands prior to European settlement, was developed and landscaped with more than 23,000 trees and shrubs as an
urban forest An urban forest is a forest, or a collection of trees, that grow within a city, town or a suburb. In a wider sense, it may include any kind of woody plant vegetation growing in and around human settlements. As opposed to a forest park, whose eco ...
. It features indigenous species, including native pine. In 2017–2018, land at the east end of Park 25 has been used by the
South Australian Cricket Association The South Australian Cricket Association (SACA) is the peak body for the sport of cricket in South Australia. The association administers the Southern Redbacks based in Adelaide. SACA is the controlling body for the South Australian Grade Cri ...
for the development of the
Karen Rolton Oval Karen Rolton Oval is a cricket ground in Adelaide, South Australia, named after the former Australian cricketer Karen Rolton. It is located near the corner of West Terrace and Port Road, opposite the new Royal Adelaide Hospital, in the east ...
and associated facilities including car parking.


Parks

Although it is a single park, for management purposes the Adelaide City Council has used the last two digits of survey sections as labels to identify smaller areas within the Adelaide Park Lands. In some, but not all, cases, roadways crossing over the Park Lands coincide with the survey section boundaries that gave rise to council's numbering (from "Park 1" to "Park 29"). The numbering, which starts in the North Park Lands (at the
Adelaide Golf Links North Adelaide Golf Course is a 54 hole golf course in Adelaide, South Australia. The golf course is situated in the park lands which surround the City of Adelaide. The course consists of three courses, the Par 69 North Course, the Par 71 Sou ...
), and increases clockwise around the perimeter, was applied in September 1882. Some of the parks are more commonly known by a commemorative name (e.g.
Rymill Park Rymill Park / Murlawirrapurka (previously spelt Mullawirraburka), and numbered as Park 14, is a recreation park located in the East Park Lands of the South Australian capital of Adelaide. There is an artificial lake with rowboats for hire, a c ...
), but others, such as
Park 10 Park 10, also known as Bullrush Park and WarnpanggaBullrush ...
, are still known mostly by their number.


Dual naming

Since the
Adelaide City Council The City of Adelaide, also known as the Corporation of the City of Adelaide and Adelaide City Council is a local government area in the metropolitan area of greater Adelaide, South Australia and is legally defined as the capital city of Sout ...
drew up a Reconciliation Vision Statement in 1997, they committed to a
dual naming Dual naming is the adoption of an official place name that combines two earlier names, or uses both names, often to resolve a disagreement over which of the two individual names is more appropriate. In some cases, the reasons are political. Some ...
project, working with
Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi The University of Adelaide (informally Adelaide University) is a public research university located in Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1874, it is the third-oldest university in Australia. The university's main campus is located on N ...
, a
Kaurna language Kaurna ( or ) is a Pama-Nyungan language historically spoken by the Kaurna peoples of the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. The Kaurna peoples are made up of various tribal clan groups, each with their own ''parnkarra'' district of land and ...
project run by the
University of Adelaide The University of Adelaide (informally Adelaide University) is a public research university located in Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1874, it is the third-oldest university in Australia. The university's main campus is located on N ...
in collaboration with
Kaurna The Kaurna people (, ; also Coorna, Kaura, Gaurna and other variations) are a group of Aboriginal people whose traditional lands include the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. They were known as the Adelaide tribe by the early settlers. Kaurn ...
advisors. The dual naming covers the
city centre A city centre is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart of a city. The term "city centre" is primarily used in British English, and closely equivalent terms exist in other languages, such as "" in Fren ...
and
North Adelaide North Adelaide is a predominantly residential precinct and suburb of the City of Adelaide in South Australia, situated north of the River Torrens and within the Adelaide Park Lands. History Surveyor-General Colonel William Light of the colo ...
, including the six
public square A town square (or square, plaza, public square, city square, urban square, or ''piazza'') is an open public space, commonly found in the heart of a traditional town but not necessarily a true square, geometric square, used for community gathe ...
s and
Adelaide park lands The Adelaide Park Lands are the figure-eight of land spanning both banks of the River Torrens between Hackney and Thebarton and separating the City of Adelaide area (which includes both Adelaide city centre and North Adelaide) from the surro ...
. Erection of signs in each of the parks was completed on 30 June 2004, with some of the spellings being revised in the 2010s. Also at that time, the numbered parks that still had no English name were assigned one. Victoria Square, in the centre of Adelaide city, is now also known as ''Tarntanyangga''. All 29 Parks around the city have been assigned a Kaurna name, and the
River Torrens The River Torrens , (Karrawirra Parri / Karrawirraparri) is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains. It was one of the main reasons for the siting of the city of Adelaide, capital of South Australia. It flows from its source in the ...
is now also named ''Karrawirra Parri''. The renaming of 39 sites was finalised and endorsed by the council in 2012. The full list of square and park names, along with meanings and pronunciations, is available on the Council website.


Park 1: Possum Park / Pirltawardli

Kaurna park name and translation: PirltawardliPossum Park / Pirltawardli (Park 1)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
"possum home" (Pirltawardli/Piltawodli - ''pilta'' = possum, and ''wodli'' = house or home). 76 hectares."CLMP (Community Land Management Plan) for Piltawodli (Park 1)", formally adopted 26 June 2006. Community Land Management Plans, Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit, Adelaide City Council. (3Mb, 75 pages.) The name of the site has in the past been spelt Pilta-wodli or Piltawodlingga (in KWP's New Spelling 2010, Pirltawardli and Pirltawardlingga). Of an irregular shape, Possum Park / Pirltawardli wraps around the western end of
North Adelaide North Adelaide is a predominantly residential precinct and suburb of the City of Adelaide in South Australia, situated north of the River Torrens and within the Adelaide Park Lands. History Surveyor-General Colonel William Light of the colo ...
in a vaguely crescent or banana shape. The southern and western boundaries are provided by
War Memorial Drive War Memorial Drive is a connecting road in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. It starts from Bundeys Road near Princess Highway, runs in a western direction following the River Torrens, past the Adelaide Zoo, Adelaide University, Adelaide ...
, with
Park 27 The Adelaide Park Lands are the figure-eight of land spanning both banks of the River Torrens between Hackney and Thebarton and separating the City of Adelaide area (which includes both Adelaide city centre and North Adelaide) from the surro ...
(which includes
Bonython Park Bonython Park is a 17-hectare park in the north-west Park Lands of the South Australian capital of Adelaide. The park was opened in 1962 and named in honour of prominent South Australian politician and journalist, Sir John Langdon Bonython. It ...
on the other side. The eastern boundary, from south to north, is formed by Montefiore Rd, the western end of North Adelaide (i.e.
Strangways Terrace Strangways Terrace is a street in North Adelaide, South Australia. It is the southwestern boundary between the built environment and the Adelaide parklands including the Adelaide Golf Links. Strangways Terrace is named after Thomas Bewes Stran ...
, Mills Tce and Barton Tce West) and Jeffcott Rd. The northern boundary is formed by Park Tce. It Contains the
Adelaide Golf Links North Adelaide Golf Course is a 54 hole golf course in Adelaide, South Australia. The golf course is situated in the park lands which surround the City of Adelaide. The course consists of three courses, the Par 69 North Course, the Par 71 Sou ...
.


Kaurna and missionary history

The history of Park 1 is bound up with that of Park 27 and Bonython Park, after a succession of
Protectors of Aborigines The role of Protector of Aborigines was first established in South Australia in 1836. The role became established in other parts of Australia pursuant to a recommendation contained in the ''Report of the Parliamentary Select Committee on Abori ...
first set up a "Native Location", of which elements moved between the north and south sides of the River Torrens. Bromley's Camp, the first of these, was established in April 1837 on the south side of the river by Captain
Walter Bromley Walter Henry Bromley (c. 1774 – c. 5 May 1838) was a British military officer and reformer who founded a school in Halifax, Nova Scotia and did much good work among children of poorer families including, especially, indigenous Canadians. He lat ...
, the second interim Protector. He initially pitched his tent in the vicinity of the old
Adelaide Gaol Adelaide Gaol is a former Australian prison located in the Park Lands of Adelaide, in the state of South Australia. The gaol was the first permanent one in South Australia and operated from 1841 until 1988. The Gaol is one of the two oldest bui ...
, on land on or near the present Bonython Park (also known as the "Aborigines Location" and later as the "Old Location"). After a few weeks, Bromley moved camp to the north side of the river at the request of the Kaurna people, to the site known as Piltawodli (later revised to Pirltawardli), meaning "possum place" and also known as the "Aboriginal Location". It was probably a campsite used by the Kaurna, and may have had some importance for ceremonies. This site is now within the area of the Par 3 golf course adjoining the North Adelaide Golf Links, and is marked by a memorial plaque at the carpark by the weir, erected on 26 May 2000. Pirltawodli was designed by the colonial government to keep Aboriginal people confined and settled in a type of
reserve Reserve or reserves may refer to: Places * Reserve, Kansas, a US city * Reserve, Louisiana, a census-designated place in St. John the Baptist Parish * Reserve, Montana, a census-designated place in Sheridan County * Reserve, New Mexico, a US vi ...
, so that the rest of the land could be systematically colonised. However, it became very important for the history and later study of the Kaurna language. In October 1838 two German
missionaries A missionary is a member of a religious group which is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.Thomas Hale 'On Being a Mi ...
,
Christian Teichelmann Christian Gottlieb Teichelmann (15 December 1807 – 31 May 1888), also spelt Christian Gottlob Teichelmann, was a Lutheran missionary who worked among Australian Aboriginal people in South Australia. He was a pioneer in describing the Kaurna lan ...
and
Clamor Schürmann Clamor may refer to: * ''Clamor'' (magazine), a bi-monthly magazine published in Toledo, Ohio * Clamor (ministry), a Christian youth outreach ministry in the U.S. and the Caribbean {{disambig ...
(and later Samuel Klose) arrived, setting themselves first up at the "Old Location" on the southern side, studying the
Kaurna language Kaurna ( or ) is a Pama-Nyungan language historically spoken by the Kaurna peoples of the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. The Kaurna peoples are made up of various tribal clan groups, each with their own ''parnkarra'' district of land and ...
and teaching in that language. This was the first mission in South Australia. In December 1839 Schürmann opened a school, supported by Governor
George Gawler Lieutenant-Colonel George Gawler, KH, (21 July 1795 – 7 May 1869) was the second Governor of South Australia, at the same time serving as Resident Commissioner, from 17 October 1838 until 15 May 1841. Biography Early life Gawler, born on 21 ...
, which taught only in the Kaurna language, teaching the children to read and write in their language. In 1839 the school was moved across to the north side of the river to Pirltawardli. In August 1840, Klose took over the running of the school. The second interim Protector (1837–1839),
William Wyatt William Wyatt may refer to: * William Wyatt (cricketer) (1842–1908), English cricketer * William Wyatt (scholar) (1616–1685), English scholar *William Wyatt (settler) (1804–1886), Australian settler * William Wyatt (weightlifter) (1893–1989 ...
was also involved in the running of the school and was a frequent visitor to Pirltawardli. In the 1840s, Pirltawardli comprised a fenced area of . However the whole site, including the school, was dismantled in July 1845, on the orders of Governor
George Grey Sir George Grey, KCB (14 April 1812 – 19 September 1898) was a British soldier, explorer, colonial administrator and writer. He served in a succession of governing positions: Governor of South Australia, twice Governor of New Zealand, Go ...
, who thought it best to take the children away from their parents, and a new "Native School" run by the government, which taught only in English, was established near what is now
Kintore Avenue Mount Davies Road is a remote unsealed outback track which runs from Mount Davies ( Pipalyatjara) in the far north-west corner of South Australia to Anne's Corner on the Anne Beadell Highway 397 kilometres to the south-east. It was built during ...
. The people's houses were destroyed by soldiers. (The Native School closed in 1851, with the remaining children taken to
Poonindie Mission __NOTOC__ Poonindie is a small township near Port Lincoln on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. The land upon which it sits was originally the land of the Barngarla people. Poonindie Mission was established as a mission for Aboriginal people ...
at
Port Lincoln Port Lincoln is a town on the Lower Eyre Peninsula in the Australian state of South Australia. It is situated on the shore of Boston Bay, which opens eastward into Spencer Gulf. It is the largest city in the West Coast region, and is located a ...
on the
Eyre Peninsula The Eyre Peninsula is a triangular peninsula in South Australia. It is bounded by the Spencer Gulf on the east, the Great Australian Bight on the west, and the Gawler Ranges to the north. Originally called Eyre’s Peninsula, it was named aft ...
). A few people continued to camp near the house of Klose, the only remaining missionary, at Pirltawardli. In 1846 the government build some brick sheds in part of this area, and also across the river behind the new
Adelaide Gaol Adelaide Gaol is a former Australian prison located in the Park Lands of Adelaide, in the state of South Australia. The gaol was the first permanent one in South Australia and operated from 1841 until 1988. The Gaol is one of the two oldest bui ...
. One was for the "Murray tribe", who had moved to the area, and a smaller number of sheds for what was left of the "
Adelaide tribe The Kaurna people (, ; also Coorna, Kaura, Gaurna and other variations) are a group of Aboriginal people whose traditional lands include the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. They were known as the Adelaide tribe by the early settlers. Kaurna ...
".


Significance of Pirltawardli

Pirltawardli is still of great significance to Kaurna people, as well as non-Indigenous South Australians. Nearly all of the recorded language and early written records of Kaurna culture stem from this place, documented by the missionaries, who also shared their views on
race relations Race relations is a sociological concept that emerged in Chicago in connection with the work of sociologist Robert E. Park and the Chicago race riot of 1919. Race relations designates a paradigm or field in sociology and a legal concept in the ...
in the new colony. The linguistic work of Teichelmann and Schürmann there had far-reaching effects, influencing later missionaries to teach in local languages, aiding the work of linguists, and laying the foundations for the 21st-century
language revival Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one. Those involved can include linguists, cultural or community groups, o ...
of the Kaurna and also indirectly helping in the revival of other languages, after other missionaries and linguists had followed their example with other local languages.


Records

Apart from the missionaries, other Europeans such as
William Wyatt William Wyatt may refer to: * William Wyatt (cricketer) (1842–1908), English cricketer * William Wyatt (scholar) (1616–1685), English scholar *William Wyatt (settler) (1804–1886), Australian settler * William Wyatt (weightlifter) (1893–1989 ...
, William Williams,
William Cawthorne Cawthorne and Co, also known as Cawthorne's Limited, was a company founded in 1870 in Adelaide, South Australia, by Charles Cawthorne and his father William Anderson Cawthorne (also known as W.A. Cawthorne), which dealt in musical instruments, s ...
and
Matthew Moorhouse Matthew Moorhouse (1813 – 29 March 1876) was an English Settler, pioneer in Australia, Pastoralism, pastoralist, politician, and Protector of Aborigines in South Australia. He was in charge of the armed party that murdered 30-40 Maraura people ...
wrote about the "Adelaide Tribe" in their memoirs. William Williams was keeper of the Colonial Store at nearby Tininyawardli (or Tinninyawodli), which was just south of where
Strangways Terrace Strangways Terrace is a street in North Adelaide, South Australia. It is the southwestern boundary between the built environment and the Adelaide parklands including the Adelaide Golf Links. Strangways Terrace is named after Thomas Bewes Stran ...
was built. He published a list of 377 Kaurna words, published in the ''
Southern Australian ''The South Australian'' was a newspaper published in Adelaide, the capital of colonial South Australia from 2 June 1838 to 19 August 1851. Between 1838 and 1844, it was published as The ''Southern Australian.'' History ''The Southern Australia ...
'' on 15 May 1839 and republished in the ''
South Australian Colonist ''The South Australian Colonist'', full name ''The South Australian Colonist and Settlers' Weekly Record of British, Foreign and Colonial Intelligence'', was a weekly newspaper published in London between March and September 1840. The journal wa ...
'' in the following year. William Cawthorne, a frequent visitor and close friend of
Kadlitpina Rundle Park / Kadlitpina (formerly spelt Kadlitpinna), also known as Park 13, is a part of the Adelaide Park Lands in Adelaide, South Australia. It was known as Rundle Park until its Kaurna name was assigned as part of the dual naming initiative ...
("Captain Jack"), loved the Kaurna Palti "
corroboree A corroboree is a generic word for a meeting of Australian Aboriginal peoples. It may be a sacred ceremony, a festive celebration, or of a warlike character. A word coined by the first British settlers in the Sydney area from a word in the l ...
" and their material culture, and was responsible for recording many names of artefacts. His ''Rough Notes on the Manners and Customs of the Natives'', written in 1844, was published in the 1925-26 ''Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (SA Branch)''. Moorhouse, Protector from 1839 until 1857, lived at Pirltawardli and worked closely with the missionaries. There is only one remaining page of his diary, containing several Kaurna
songline A songline, also called dreaming track, is one of the paths across the land (or sometimes the sky) within the animist belief systems of the Aboriginal cultures of Australia which mark the route followed by localised "creator-beings" in the Dre ...
s not recorded elsewhere, but much information has been gleaned from his reports and official correspondence.


Park 2: Denise Norton Park / Pardipardinyilla

Pardipardinyilla 'swimming place' 17 hectaresCLMP for Padipadinyilla (Park 2), formally adopted 22 August 2005. Community Land Management Plans, Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit, Adelaide City Council. (1Mb, 42 pages.)
Denise Norton Denise Norton was the first South Australian to represent Australia at an Olympic or Commonwealth Games. Norton won Gold as part of the 4 x 110 yard Freestyle relay and Bronze in the 440 yard Freestyle for the 1950 British Empire Games and was ...
was the first South Australian to represent Australia at the Olympic or Commonwealth Games – in the sport of swimming.Denise Norton Park / Pardipardinyilla (Park 2)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
Approximately square, the park is bounded by Fitzroy Tce (to the north), Prospect Rd (to the east), Barton Tce West (to the south) and Jeffcott Rd (to the west). The Park provides a range of formal and informal facilities for cricket, swimming, tennis and family picnics. The north-west corner of the Park contains the
Adelaide Aquatic Centre The Adelaide Aquatic Centre is a complex of indoor heated swimming pools operated by the Adelaide City Council and located in the northernmost extent of the Adelaide Parklands in North Adelaide, Australia. It is located in the square of parkla ...
, picnic facilities and the Bush Magic playground. The remainder of the Park includes sporting facilities, open space and vegetation (designed and semi-natural landscapes). *The Adelaide Swimming Centre was relocated to this Park in 1968/9 to replace the old City Baths on the current site of the Festival Centre. It was renovated, enclosed and renamed Adelaide Aquatic Centre in 1985. It was renovated again in 1998. *The Bush Magic Play Park was designed in 1988, and is important as a precedent for the contemporary generation of play spaces around the Park Lands and metropolitan Adelaide. It was the first play park in SA to incorporate wheelchair access. *Sporting facilities, which are currently held under an annual licence to
Blackfriars Priory School Blackfriars Priory School is a private Roman Catholic school for boys situated in Prospect, an inner-northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is conducted by the Dominican Friars of the Province of the Assumption. History The school op ...
, include change rooms, five playing fields and four tennis courts. The licence covers an area of approximately 35% of the Park. The school has first right of use of these areas on weekday afternoons after school, and on Saturday mornings.


Park 3: Yam Daisy Park / Kantarilla

KantarillaYam Daisy Park / Kantarilla (Park 3)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'kandara root place' 3.3 hectaresCLMP for Kandarilla (Park 3), Kangattilla (Park 4) and Ngampa Yerta (Park 5), formally adopted 14 November 2005. Community Land Management Plans, Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit, Adelaide City Council. (2Mb, 46 pages.) A small triangle bounded by Prospect Rd (west), Fitzroy Tce (north) and Main North Rd (east). Contains open park.


Park 4: Reservoir Park / Kangatilla

KangatillaReservoir Park / Kangatilla (Park 4)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'kangatta berry place' 9.4 hectares Approximately pentagonal, bounded by O'Connell St (west), Main North Rd (north-west), Lefevre Rd (north-east and east) and Barton Tce East (south). Contains open and wooded park, with SA Water facilities at the western end. The former Fitzroy Croquet Club was located in the northern corner of the Park, and there were two ovals in the middle of the Park. The main structure of the SA Water facilities is a State Heritage-listed earth-covered reservoir, dating from the 1870s, that stores and supplies water to Adelaide. Associated with this are a two-storey red brick pumping station, a small brick pumping station "heavily painted in Brunswick green", and an electricity sub-station.


Park 5: Bragg Park / Ngampa Yarta

Ngampa YartaBragg Park / Ngampa Yarta (Park 5)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'ngampa root ground' In the late 1800s, Nobel Prize winners and University of Adelaide academics Sir
William Henry Bragg Sir William Henry Bragg (2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was an English physicist, chemist, mathematician, and active sportsman who uniquelyThis is still a unique accomplishment, because no other parent-child combination has yet shared a Nobel ...
and his son, Sir
William Lawrence Bragg Sir William Lawrence Bragg, (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer (1912) of Bragg's law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structu ...
, lived nearby. Of irregular shape, the park is bounded by Robe Terrace (NE), Medindie Road (SE), Lefevre Road (W) and Main North Road (NW). Contains two small ovals, surrounded by wooded park. There is also a Tree Planting Memorial, erected in 1982 by the North Adelaide Society, to recognise the community tree planting efforts in the locality.


Park 6: Lefevre Park / Nantu Wama

Nantu WamaLefevre Park / Nantu Wama (Park 6)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'horse plain' or 'male grey kangaroo plain'CLMP for Nanto Womma (Park 6), formally adopted 28 November 2005. Community Land Management Plans, Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit, Adelaide City Council. (2Mb, 52 pages.) One of Lefevre Park's borders is Lefevre Terrace; Sir J G Shaw-Lefevre (1797–1879), a British barrister, Whig politician and civil servant, was one of South Australia's colonisation commissioners. Roughly trapezoidal, the park is bounded by Robe Terrace (NNE), Kingston Terrace (SE), Lefevre Terrace (WSW) and Medindie Road (NW). Contains open park, mainly used for horse agistment. There are three main paddocks, four feeding yards, five horse troughs, and a number of sandpits for the horses to roll in. There is a limit of 20 horses, and those licensed pay a weekly fee. (In 2005, the fee was $19.50 per week.) According to the adelaideparklands.com.au website, "100,000 kg of horse manure is deposited by the resident horses on this park each year". The open areas are surrounded by woodland. There is a playground on the western boundary (Lefevre Tce), one of the three
Glover Playgrounds The Glover Playgrounds are three playgrounds in the Adelaide Park Lands in Adelaide, South Australia. They were established by Charles R.J. Glover, a Lord Mayor of Adelaide and a philanthropist. Despite maps to the contrary he had no relationshi ...
originally built in 1920, which also contains BBQ facilities and wide lawn spaces. The eastern third contains assorted playing fields, changing rooms, tennis courts and netball courts.
Wilderness School , motto_translation = Always True , established = 1884 , type = Independent, day and boarding , denomination = Non-denominational , slogan = , principal ...
holds a licence for eight tennis courts (also marked for netball), one cricket oval, two cricket practice nets, and three hockey/softball ovals. In 2005, there was also a green-painted brick structure with a flat roof, erected in the late 1960s, which "appears to have an undefined purpose and use".


Park 7: The Olive Groves / Kuntingga

KuntinggaThe Olive Groves / Kuntingga (Park 7)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'kunti root place' (Park 7)CLMP for Kuntingga (Park 7) and Barnguttilla (Park 8), formally adopted 14 November 2005. Community Land Management Plans, Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit, Adelaide City Council. (2Mb, 42 pages.)


Park 8: The Olive Groves / Parngutilla

ParngutillaThe Olive Groves / Parngutilla (Park 8)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'barngutta root place' (Park 8) Parks 7 and 8 are small and elongated parks, with a combined area of 4.7 hectares, separating the east end of lower North Adelaide from Gilberton, and contain heritage listed
olive The olive, botanical name ''Olea europaea'', meaning 'European olive' in Latin, is a species of small tree or shrub in the family Oleaceae, found traditionally in the Mediterranean Basin. When in shrub form, it is known as ''Olea europaea'' ...
groves. They act effectively as an enlarged median strip, with the major ring route of Park Terrace (southbound) and Mann Road (northbound) traversing the perimeter of both parks. These parks were one of the first sites for the (European settlers) plantings of olives, and are the only section of the Park Lands that have kept the same use since the Council took over formal care of the Park Lands in the 1860s. The olive plantation is listed as a State Heritage Place.


Park 9: Bundey's Paddock / Tidlangga

TidlanggaBundey's Paddock / Tidlangga (Park 9)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'tidla root place'CLMP for Tidlangga (Park 9), formally adopted 27 November 2006. Community Land Management Plans, Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit, Adelaide City Council. (2Mb, 38 pages.) William Bundey (1826–1889) was the Mayor of Adelaide 1883-1886. A triangular shape, bounded by Mackinnon Parade (NE), Bundeys Road (S) and Hackney Road (W). Contains assorted playing fields and changing rooms. An oval is licensed to
Prince Alfred College , motto_translation = Do Brave Deeds and Endure , established = 1869 , type = Independent, single-sex, day & boarding , headmaster = David Roberts , chaplain = Reverend ...
on Saturday afternoons and Thursday evenings. In the past, contained a number of grass and bitumen tennis courts which have fallen into dis-repair and been removed.


Park 10: Bulrush Park / Warnpangga

WarnpanggaBullrush Park / Warnpangga (Park 10)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'bullrush root place' 19 hectaresCLMP for Warnpangga (Park 10) & Tainmundilla (Park 11), formally adopted 27 November 2006. Community Land Management Plans, Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit, Adelaide City Council. (5Mb, 56 pages.) Bounded by War Memorial Drive, Bundey's Road, MacKinnon Road, MacKinnon Parade, Finnis and Frome Road. The Park is dominated by a number of sporting ovals and associated facilities licensed to the University of Adelaide, including a tennis pavilion, a grandstand, and changing rooms. The Park also contains: *The Adelaide Archery Club rooms, in the north eastern corner of the Park. *The University Loop, a well used gravel running track, which encircles part of the Park. *The Adelaide City Council Organic Recycling Depot/Nursery, (approx 1.6 hectares), comprising: an Office Building, 3 sheds, 6 glass houses, a shade house, and 6 propagating plant frames. *The Lower North Adelaide Soldiers' Memorial Garden, located in the north of the Park. *A number of sculptures, located in 1994 on the edge of the River Torrens. *A small playground


Park 11: Mistletoe Park / Tainmuntilla

TainmuntillaMistletoe Park / Tainmuntilla (Park 11)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'mistletoe place' A quite large piece of land bounded by the
River Torrens The River Torrens , (Karrawirra Parri / Karrawirraparri) is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains. It was one of the main reasons for the siting of the city of Adelaide, capital of South Australia. It flows from its source in the ...
(north), Hackney Rd (east), North Terrace (south), and Frome Rd (west). It contains the
Zoological Gardens A zoo (short for zoological garden; also called an animal park or menagerie) is a facility in which animals are kept within enclosures for public exhibition and often bred for conservation purposes. The term ''zoological garden'' refers to zool ...
, the
Botanic Gardens A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms ''botanic'' and ''botanical'' and ''garden'' or ''gardens'' are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word ''botanic'' is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens, an ...
, the
Botanic Park Botanic is an adjective related to botany, the study of plants. Botanic may also refer to: * Botanic (District Electoral Area), an electoral ward of Belfast, Northern Ireland, named after Belfast's Botanic Gardens ** Botanic railway station, s ...
, the Wine Centre, Frome Park / Nellie Raminyermmerin Park, the old
Royal Adelaide Hospital The Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH), colloquially known by its initials or pronounced as "the Rah", is South Australia's largest hospital, owned by the state government as part of Australia's public health care system. The RAH provides tertiary hea ...
(RAH) site, the
Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science SA Pathology, (formerly the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science (IMVS)), is an organisation providing diagnostic and clinical pathology services throughout South Australia for the public health sector. The headquarters are in Frome Road, ...
(IMVS), the old Medical School of the
University of Adelaide The University of Adelaide (informally Adelaide University) is a public research university located in Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1874, it is the third-oldest university in Australia. The university's main campus is located on N ...
site, and several
University of South Australia The University of South Australia (UniSA) is a public research university in the Australian state of South Australia. It is a founding member of the Australian Technology Network of universities, and is the largest university in South Australi ...
buildings.


Park 12: Red Gum Park / Karrawirra

KarrawirraRed Gum Park / Karrawirra (Park 12)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'river red gum forest' ('karra' = red gum tree, 'wirra' = forest)CLMP for Karrawirra (Park 12)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (7Mb, 131 pages)
Contains many buildings, parks, memorials and statues – see
Park 12 Park 12, (also referred to by its Kaurna name Karrawirra, meaning "river red gum forest") is one of the 29 Parks that make up the Adelaide Park Lands. It consists of 55.5 hectares bounded by North Terrace, Frome Road, Sir Edwin Smith Avenue and ...
for a more complete list. Park 12 is bisected by the river. The northern part contains the Peace Park, the Cross of Sacrifice, Pennington Gardens East, Angas Gardens, several boat-houses and several University playing fields. The southern part contains Grundy Gardens, the
University of South Australia The University of South Australia (UniSA) is a public research university in the Australian state of South Australia. It is a founding member of the Australian Technology Network of universities, and is the largest university in South Australi ...
(City East campus), the
University of Adelaide The University of Adelaide (informally Adelaide University) is a public research university located in Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1874, it is the third-oldest university in Australia. The university's main campus is located on N ...
(main campus), Prince Henry Gardens, the
Art Gallery An art gallery is a room or a building in which visual art is displayed. In Western cultures from the mid-15th century, a gallery was any long, narrow covered passage along a wall, first used in the sense of a place for art in the 1590s. The lon ...
, the
Museum A museum ( ; plural museums or, rarely, musea) is a building or institution that cares for and displays a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance. Many public museums make these ...
, the
State Library A national library is established by the government of a nation to serve as the pre-eminent repository of information for that country. Unlike public libraries, they rarely allow citizens to borrow books. Often, they include numerous rare, valuab ...
, the
War Memorial A war memorial is a building, monument, statue, or other edifice to celebrate a war or victory, or (predominating in modern times) to commemorate those who died or were injured in a war. Symbolism Historical usage It has ...
,
Government House Government House is the name of many of the official residences of governors-general, governors and lieutenant-governors in the Commonwealth and the remaining colonies of the British Empire. The name is also used in some other countries. Gover ...
, the
Torrens Parade Ground Torrens Parade Ground, which includes the former Torrens Training Depot and Drill Hall, is a former military facility located in Adelaide, South Australia. Location and description The Parade Ground lies behind Government House, between King Wi ...
, Pioneer Women's Memorial Gardens, Esther Lipman Gardens, Jolly's Boat House, the Boer War Memorial, the
Jubilee 150 Walkway The Jubilee 150 Walkway, also variously known as the Jubilee 150 Commemorative Walk, the Jubilee 150 Walk, Jubilee 150 Plaques, the Jubilee Walk, or simply J150, is a series of (initially) 150 bronze plaques set into the pavement of Nort ...
, numerous statues, and quite a lot of other odds and ends.


Park 13: Rundle Park / Kadlitpina

Kadlitpina (formerly spelt Kadlitpinna)Rundle Park / Kadlitpina (Park 13)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
"Captain Jack" - named after the Kaurna
elder An elder is someone with a degree of seniority or authority. Elder or elders may refer to: Positions Administrative * Elder (administrative title), a position of authority Cultural * North American Indigenous elder, a person who has and tr ...
painted by
George French Angas George French Angas (25 April 1822 – 4 October 1886), also known as G.F.A., was an English explorer, naturalist, painter and poet who emigrated to Australia. His paintings are held in a number of important Australian public art collections. ...
.CLMP for Rundle Park / Kadlitpinna (Park 13)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (3Mb, 47 pages)
Kadlitpina was one of three ''burka'', or elders, well-known to the colonists, the other two being Murlawirrapurka("King John") and Ityamai-itpina ("King Rodney") – see also Parks 14 and 15 below. His name was derived from ''kadli'' ("dingo"/"dog") + -''itpinna'' (''itpina'') ("father of").
John Rundle John Rundle (1791 – January 1864) was a British Whig politician and businessman. From 1835 to 1843, he was a Member of Parliament, representing Tavistock in the House of Commons. He was one of the original directors and financiers of the So ...
(1791–1864) was a British Whig politician and businessman who was one of the original directors and financiers of the
South Australia Company The South Australian Company, also referred to as the South Australia Company, was formed in London on 9 October 1835, after the '' South Australia (Foundation) Act 1834'' had established the new British Province of South Australia, with the Sou ...
. Since 2000, in February/March of most years, the park has been the site of the
Garden of Unearthly Delights The Adelaide Fringe, formerly Adelaide Fringe Festival, is the world's second-largest annual arts festival (after the Edinburgh Festival Fringe), held in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. Between mid-February and mid-March each year, i ...
during the
Adelaide Fringe The Adelaide Fringe, formerly Adelaide Fringe Festival, is the world's second-largest annual arts festival (after the Edinburgh Festival Fringe), held in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. Between mid-February and mid-March each year, i ...
.


Park 14: Rymill Park / Murlawirrapurka

Murlawirrapurka (Mullawirrapurka/Mullawirraburka) also known as "King John" (Also on Google Books.) "King Jack" or "Onkaparinga Jack", was the Kaurna leader (or ''burka'', elder) of the Aldinga-Willunga area,CLMP for Rymill Park / Mullawirraburka (Park 14)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (7Mb, 57 pages)
and employed as a native constable. His name was derived from ''mulla'' ("dry") + ''wirra'' ("forest") + ''burka'' ("elder"). He was one of three elders well-known to the colonists (along with Kadlitpina, see above, and Ityamai-itpina, below), and more is known about him than any other Kaurna person of that time. Sir
Arthur Rymill Sir Arthur Campbell Rymill (8 December 1907 – 27 March 1989) was a businessman, solicitor and Lord Mayor of Adelaide, South Australia. History Born in Adelaide, the son of businessman Arthur Graham Rymill (9 May 1868 – 10 September 1934) ...
(1907–1989) was Lord Mayor of Adelaide 1950-1953.Rymill Park / Murlawirrapurka (Park 14)
, adelaideparklands.com.au


Park 15: King Rodney Park / Ityamai-itpina

Ityamai-itpina (formerly spelt Ityamai-itpinna), known to colonists as "King Rodney", was one of the three main Kaurna elders with whom the colonists negotiated,CLMP for Ityamaiitpinna (Park 15)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (2Mb, 45 pages)
along with Mullawirraburka ("King John") and Kadlitpina ("Captain Jack"). He was one of the first Kaurna people met by the colonists, and was the father of
Iparrityi Ivaritji ( – 25 December 1929) also known as Amelia Taylor and Amelia Savage, was an elder of the Kaurna tribe of Aboriginal Australians from the Adelaide Plains in South Australia. She was "almost certainly the last person of full Kaurna an ...
and husband to
Tangkaira Hurtle Square, also known as Tangkaira, is one of five public squares in the Adelaide city centre, South Australia. Located in the centre of the south-eastern quarter of the city, it surrounds the intersection of Halifax Street, Adelaide, Halif ...
. His name was derived from the name of a person student at Pirltawardli (see above) and ''-itpinna'' ("father of"). He was respected as an elder and negotiator, and his focus was on reconciliation between the settlers and the Kaurna people. There are no known photographs or drawings of Ityamai-itpina. Ityamai-itpina contains one of the three
Glover Playgrounds The Glover Playgrounds are three playgrounds in the Adelaide Park Lands in Adelaide, South Australia. They were established by Charles R.J. Glover, a Lord Mayor of Adelaide and a philanthropist. Despite maps to the contrary he had no relationshi ...
, the "Glover East Playspace". It has an
olive grove The olive, botanical name ''Olea europaea'', meaning 'European olive' in Latin, is a species of small tree or shrub in the family Oleaceae, found traditionally in the Mediterranean Basin. When in shrub form, it is known as ''Olea europaea'' 'M ...
planted in 1872,
blue gum Blue gum is a common name for subspecies or the species in ''Eucalyptus globulus'' complex, and also a number of other species of ''Eucalyptus'' in Australia. In Queensland it usually refers to '' Eucalyptus tereticornis'', which is known elsewh ...
s trees along Wakefield Road and an avenue of pepper trees dating from the early 20th century, and
Botanic Creek The River Torrens , (Karrawirra Parri / Karrawirraparri) is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains. It was one of the main reasons for the siting of the city of Adelaide, capital of South Australia. It flows from its source in the ...
runs through it. There are sports fields used by Christian Brothers College and others, including a
basketball court In basketball, the basketball court is the playing surface, consisting of a rectangular floor, with baskets at each end. Indoor basketball courts are almost always made of polished wood, usually maple, with -high rims on each basket. Outdoor sur ...
and a
skate park A skatepark, or skate park, is a purpose-built recreational environment made for skateboarding, BMX, scootering, wheelchairs, and aggressive inline skating. A skatepark may contain half-pipes, handrails, funboxes, vert ramps, stairsets, qua ...
. From 1999 to 2020 it was in the middle of the street circuit for the
Adelaide 500 The Adelaide 500 (also known as the VALO Adelaide 500 for sponsorship reasons) is an annual motor racing event for Supercars held on the streets of the east end of Adelaide, South Australia between 1999 to 2020 and again from 2022. It is somet ...
motor race in March, it borders the
Tour Down Under The Tour Down Under (branded as the Santos Tour Down Under under a partnership arrangement) is a cycling race in and around Adelaide, South Australia, and is traditionally the opening event of the UCI World Tour and features all 19 UCI WorldTe ...
cycling event each January, and the international equestrian three-day event uses the park each November. There is a walking trail around the park. In 2021, due to the
COVID-19 pandemic in Australia The COVID-19 pandemic in Australia is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). The first confirmed case in Australia was identified on 25 Januar ...
, the
WOMADelaide WOMADelaide is an annual four-day festival of Music, Arts and Dance, which was first held in 1992 in Botanic Park, Adelaide, South Australia. One of many WOMAD festivals held around the world, it is a four-day event that presents a diverse select ...
music festival was held in King Rodney Park / Ityamai-itpina instead of its usual location at
Botanic Park Botanic is an adjective related to botany, the study of plants. Botanic may also refer to: * Botanic (District Electoral Area), an electoral ward of Belfast, Northern Ireland, named after Belfast's Botanic Gardens ** Botanic railway station, s ...
, so that the venue could comply with the restrictions necessary to prevent any possible spread of
COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei, identified in Wuhan, China, in December ...
(although there was no community transmission at the time in Adelaide).


Park 16: Victoria Park / Pakapakanthi

Pakapakanthi/BakkabakkandiVictoria Park / Pakapakanthi (Park 16)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
derived from the Kaurna word meaning "to trot" (a term applied to horses), is a large park, comprising CLMP for Victoria Park / Bakkabakkandi (Park 16)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (3Mb 26 pages).
The report has 2 large and 1 very large appendices as separate downloads - refer t

for copies.
This park used to contain the Victoria Park Racecourse, and the historic buildings are retained. There are sports fields in the centre, and the South Park Lands creek runs through the southern part, which has been revegetated with open
woodland A woodland () is, in the broad sense, land covered with trees, or in a narrow sense, synonymous with wood (or in the U.S., the ''plurale tantum'' woods), a low-density forest forming open habitats with plenty of sunlight and limited shade (see ...
. In the late eighties and early nineties, part of the park was used for the Adelaide F1. Between 1999 and 2020 it formed part of the street circuit for the
Clipsal 500 The Adelaide 500 (also known as the VALO Adelaide 500 for sponsorship reasons) is an annual motor racing event for Supercars held on the streets of the east end of Adelaide, South Australia between 1999 to 2020 and again from 2022. It is sometim ...
motor race, and it is used for the international equestrian three-day event in November.


Park 17: Carriageway Park / Tuthangga

Tuttangga,Carriageway Park / Tuthangga (Park 17)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
meaning "grass place",CLMP for Tuttangga (Park 17)
adopted 14 November 2005, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (2Mb, 52 pages)
has an avenue of
elm Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the flowering plant genus ''Ulmus'' in the plant family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical-montane regions of North ...
trees, planted in the 1860s to line a former carriageway. The Park Lands Creek runs through the park. Historically (from 1837) the park was the site of Elm Avenue, Desert Ash Avenue and an Engineering and Water Supply (E&WS) reservoir. There are numerous licensees of sporting facilities and clubrooms, including the SA Dog Obedience Club and the SA Croquet Club. On 14 May 2021, a scheduled
cultural burn Fire-stick farming, also known as cultural burning and cool burning, is the practice of Aboriginal Australians regularly using fire to burn vegetation, which has been practised for thousands of years. There are a number of purposes for doing this ...
took place Tuthangga by representatives of the
Kaurna people The Kaurna people (, ; also Coorna, Kaura, Gaurna and other variations) are a group of Aboriginal people whose traditional lands include the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. They were known as the Adelaide tribe by the early settlers. Kaurn ...
, in a highly symbolic moment after years of preparation to restore the ancient practice. The project, called Kaurna Kardla Parranthi, was undertaken with the support of the
City of Adelaide The City of Adelaide, also known as the Corporation of the City of Adelaide and Adelaide City Council is a local government area in the metropolitan area of greater Adelaide, South Australia and is legally defined as the capital city of South ...
, and was part of the ecological management plan for a key area of
biodiversity Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic (''genetic variability''), species (''species diversity''), and ecosystem (''ecosystem diversity'') l ...
in the park. Six months later, an informal inspection revealed about 12 species of native grass, and very few weeds in the area burnt.
Bush for Life Bush commonly refers to: * Shrub, a small or medium woody plant Bush, Bushes, or the bush may also refer to: People * Bush (surname), including any of several people with that name **Bush family, a prominent American family that includes: ***Ge ...
and various experts are continuing to monitor outcomes.


Park 18: Peppermint Park / Wita Wirra

Wita Wirra,Peppermint Park / Wita Wirra (Park 18)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
meaning "peppermint grove/place" (''wita'', peppermint tree, + ''wirra'', forest or bush).CLMP for Wita Wirra (Park 18)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (2Mb, 49 pages)
This park, south of
South Terrace South Terrace may refer to: *South Terrace, Adelaide, Australia *South Terrace, Fremantle, Australia {{Road disambiguation ...
, contains
Adelaide Himeji Garden Adelaide Himeji Gardens is a traditionally-styled Japanese garden, a gift from Adelaide's sister city, Himeji in 1982. It is located in Park 18 (Peppermint Park / Wita Wirra), one of the southern parts of the Adelaide Park Lands in Adelaide, S ...
and Osmond Gardens.


Park 19: Pelzer Park / Pityarilla

Pityarilla/PityarillaPelzer Park / Pityarilla (Park 19)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'marshmallow root place' 23haCLMP for Pityarrilla (Park 19)
formally adopted 14 November 2005, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (1Mb, 50 pages)
August Pelzer was Adelaide's city gardener from 1899 to 1932. A large triangular park bounded by Glen Osmond Road. The Park Lands Creek runs across the middle of the Park. Open park and playing fields. Also contains The Marshmallow Park recreation hub. In 2005 there were leases and licences to: Adelaide City Junior Soccer Club for five soccer pitches and club rooms; St Aloysius College for four tennis courts and change rooms; Adelaide Comets Soccer Club for a single soccer pitch and "building".


Park 20: Blue Gum Park / Kurangga

KurranggaBlue Gum Park / Kurangga (Park 20)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'blue gum place' 30.1haCLMP for Kurrangga (Park 20)
formally adopted 14 November 2005, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (3Mb, 57 pages)
Contains a boule/petanque area, assorted playing fields, a mountain-bike / BMX-bike track, one of the three
Glover Playgrounds The Glover Playgrounds are three playgrounds in the Adelaide Park Lands in Adelaide, South Australia. They were established by Charles R.J. Glover, a Lord Mayor of Adelaide and a philanthropist. Despite maps to the contrary he had no relationshi ...
, ''et al.'' Licences and leases include
Pulteney Grammar School Pulteney Grammar School is an independent, Anglican, co-educational, private day school. Founded in 1847 by members of the Anglican Church, it is the second oldest independent school in South Australia. Its campuses are located on South Terrace ...
(6 ovals, cricket nets, 3 lawn tennis courts, 2 grass volley ball courts, and facilities), Adelaide Harriers Athletics Club (athletics oval / running track), Club d'Petanque d'Adelaide, TreeClimb (High Ropes Adventure Course) and others.


Park 21: Veale Park / Walyu Yarta

Veale Park contains
Veale Gardens Veale Gardens is part of the Adelaide Parklands throughout and surrounding the City of Adelaide. It is located in the South Parklands surrounded by Greenhill and Peacock Roads, South Terrace, and Sir Lewis Cohen Avenue. The gardens can be en ...
. Walyu Yarta 'walyu root ground' 31haCLMP for Walyo Yerta (Park 21)
formally adopted 31 July 2006, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (2Mb, 49 pages)
Contains
Veale Gardens Veale Gardens is part of the Adelaide Parklands throughout and surrounding the City of Adelaide. It is located in the South Parklands surrounded by Greenhill and Peacock Roads, South Terrace, and Sir Lewis Cohen Avenue. The gardens can be en ...
, assorted playing fields, ''et al.''


Park 21W: Golden Wattle Park / Mirnu Wirra

Mirnu Wirra 'golden wattle grove' 31haCLMP for Minno Wirra (Park 21 West)
formally adopted 23 July 2007, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (3Mb, 47 pages)
Contains Princess Elizabeth Playground, Lundie Gardens, assorted playing fields, ''et al.''


Park 22: Josie Agius Park / Wikaparntu Wirra

Wikaparntu Wirra / Wikaparndo WirraJosie Agius Park / Wikaparntu Wirra (Park 22)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'netball park' (wika 'net' + parndo 'ball' + wirra 'forest; bush') 15.1haCLMP for Wikaparndo Wirra (Park 22)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (2Mb, 41 pages)
Josie Agius was a Kaurna elder who supported girls' sport. Contains about 20 netball courts, a small amount of aged seating for spectators, and a building containing a small kiosk, netball administration rooms and a toilet block.


Park 23: G S Kingston Park / Wirrarninthi

G S Kingston Park contains Kingston Gardens. Wirrarninthi / WarranendiG S Kingston Park / Wirrarninthi (Park 23)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'to become transformed into a green and forested area'. 57.43 haCLMP for Wirranendi (Park 23)
formally adopted 23 July 2007, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (5Mb, 57 pages)
Sir
George Strickland Kingston Sir George Strickland Kingston (23 August 1807 – 26 November 1880) was the Deputy Surveyor to William Light, engaged to survey the new colony of South Australia. He arrived in South Australia on the in 1836. Kingston was also the first Spea ...
was Deputy Surveyor-General under Colonel Light, one of the party that found the River Torrens, and first
Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly The Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly is the presiding officer of the South Australian House of Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of South Australia. The other presiding officer is the President of the South Australian Le ...
. Contains Edwards Park,
West Terrace Cemetery The West Terrace Cemetery is South Australia's oldest cemetery, first appearing on Colonel William Light's 1837 plan of Adelaide. The site is located in Park 23 of the Adelaide Park Lands just south-west of the Adelaide city centre, between ...
, Kingston Gardens, West Terrace playground, ''et al.'' The park is divided into northern and southern areas by the cemetery. The cemetery is a State Heritage Place managed by the Adelaide Cemeteries Authority, which reports to the State Government. The southern part of the park, used between 1939 and 2000 by the South Australian Netball Association, is called Edwards Park, named after Councillor A.A. Edwards.


Park 24: Ellis Park / Tampawardli

Ellis Park is one of the parks in Park 24. TampawardliEllis Park / Tampawardli (Park 24)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
Tampawardli/Tambawodli 'plain place' 35.7haCLMP for Tambawodli (Park 24)
formally adopted 28 November 2005, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (3Mb, 51 pages)
Val Bertram Harold Ellis served as City of Adelaide Director of Parks and Recreation from 1966-83. Contains the State Heritage-listed
Adelaide High School Adelaide High School is a coeducational state high school situated on the corner of West Terrace and Glover Avenue in the Adelaide Parklands. Following the Advanced School for Girls, it was the second government high school in South Australia ...
buildings and assorted sports grounds. It was the site of the former, now demolished, Emigration Square 1837-1849, the former Observatory, and the Post and Telegraph Store (off West Terrace) depicted in Colonel Light's 1837 Plan for Adelaide.


Park 25: Gladys Elphick Park / Narnungga

NarnunggaGladys Elphick Park / Narnungga (Park 25)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
"native pine place" 24haCLMP for Narnungga (Park 25)
formally adopted 28 November 2005, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (2Mb, 48 pages)
Gladys Elphick Gladys Elphick (27 August 1904 – 19 January 1988) was an Aboriginal Australians, Australian Aboriginal woman of Kaurna people, Kaurna and Ngadjuri descent, best known as the founding president of the Council of Aboriginal Women of South Aust ...
was a Kaurna elder who, among other things, was founding president of the Council of Aboriginal Women of South Australia (1964–73). The park is bisected by the Adelaide-
Melbourne Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a met ...
railway line. The eastern part contains assorted sports grounds, including the
Karen Rolton Oval Karen Rolton Oval is a cricket ground in Adelaide, South Australia, named after the former Australian cricketer Karen Rolton. It is located near the corner of West Terrace and Port Road, opposite the new Royal Adelaide Hospital, in the east ...
at the east end of the park. Until the buildings were demolished in November 2010, the park also contained
SA Water SA Water is a government business enterprise wholly owned by the Government of South Australia. History SA Water was established by the proclamation of the ''South Australian Water Corporation Act 1994'' on 1 July 1995. Prior to this its predec ...
land and buildings on the western side of the railway line; this western section has since been revegetated. In October 2020, in the opening round of the
2020–21 Sheffield Shield season The 2020–21 Sheffield Shield season was the 119th season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition in Australia. On 26 June 2020, Cricket Australia confirmed all the squads for the 2020–21 domestic cricket season. ...
, Park 25 hosted its maiden
first-class cricket First-class cricket, along with List A cricket and Twenty20 cricket, is one of the highest-standard forms of cricket. A first-class match is one of three or more days' scheduled duration between two sides of eleven players each and is officiall ...
match.


Park 26: Adelaide Oval / Tarntanya Wama

Although
Adelaide Oval Adelaide Oval is a sports ground in Adelaide, South Australia, located in the parklands between the city centre and North Adelaide. The venue is predominantly used for cricket and Australian rules football, but has also played host to rugby ...
dominates the north part of the park, there are many other parks, gardens and buildings on both sides of the River Torrens in Park 26. Tarntanya Wama / Tarndanya WommaAdelaide Oval / Tarntanya Wama (Park 26)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'Adelaide plain/oval' ('tarnda' = red kangaroo, 'kanya' = rock and 'womma' = plain/oval.) 54.1haCLMP for Tarndanya Womma (Park 26)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (1Mb, 63 pages)
Like Park 12, it is bisected by the River Torrens. The northern part contains the
Adelaide Oval Adelaide Oval is a sports ground in Adelaide, South Australia, located in the parklands between the city centre and North Adelaide. The venue is predominantly used for cricket and Australian rules football, but has also played host to rugby ...
,
Creswell Gardens The Creswell Gardens are located in the Adelaide Park Lands between the Adelaide Oval, War Memorial Drive, King William Road and St Peter's Cathedral. They were established in 1909 and named after South Australian sportsman John Creswell. The g ...
,
Memorial Drive Park Memorial Drive Park, more generally referred to as "Memorial Drive", is a tennis venue, located adjacent to the Adelaide Oval, in the park lands surrounding the centre of Adelaide, South Australia. Memorial Drive took its name from the winding ...
, Pinky Flat, Oval Number 2, Stella Bowen Park,
Light's Vision William Light (27 April 1786 – 6 October 1839), also known as Colonel Light, was a British- Malayan naval and army officer. He was the first Surveyor-General of the new British Province of South Australia, known for choosing the site of ...
and Pennington Gardens West. The southern part contains
Parliament House Parliament House may refer to: Australia * Parliament House, Canberra, Parliament of Australia * Parliament House, Adelaide, Parliament of South Australia * Parliament House, Brisbane, Parliament of Queensland * Parliament House, Darwin, Parliame ...
, Old Parliament House,
Adelaide railway station Adelaide Railway Station is the central terminus of the Adelaide Metro railway system. All lines approach the station from the west, and it is a terminal station with no through lines, with most of the traffic on the metropolitan network eithe ...
,
Adelaide Casino Adelaide Casino, known commercially as SkyCity Adelaide, is a large casino and recreational venue on the north edge of the Adelaide city centre. Located in the heritage-listed Adelaide railway station building on North Terrace, Adelaide, the cas ...
, the Riverbank development, the
Convention Centre A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typica ...
, assorted boat houses, the
Festival Centre Adelaide Festival Centre, Australia's first multi-purpose arts centre and the home of South Australia's performing arts, was built in the 1970s, designed by Hassell Architects. The Festival Theatre opened in June 1973 with the rest of the cent ...
and
Elder Park Elder Park is a public open space in the city of Adelaide, South Australia on the southern bank of the River Torrens and that is bordered by the Adelaide Festival Centre and North Terrace. The park is named after the Elder family who wer ...


Park 27: Bonython Park / Tulya Wardli

Park 27 / Tulya Wardli contains a number of parks, only one of which is
Bonython Park Bonython Park is a 17-hectare park in the north-west Park Lands of the South Australian capital of Adelaide. The park was opened in 1962 and named in honour of prominent South Australian politician and journalist, Sir John Langdon Bonython. It ...
; Park 27 also contains many other features. Tulya Wardli / Tulya WodliBonython Park / Tulya Wardli (Park 27)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
"Police barracks" 118 haCLMP for Tulya Wodli (Park 27) (including Bonython Park)
formally adopted 12 June 2007, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (7Mb, 134 pages)
The park is made up of a number of separate sections, several of which have "land managers" which are not the City of Adelaide. A strip of land between the river and the railway yards west of the Morphett Street Bridge, given to the council in the 1990s contained contaminated land. Park 27 is a large irregular shaped area bounded by the tram line (West Tce & Port Rd - south, south-west, west), Park Tce (north-west), Memorial Drive (north-east, east, north-east, north) and the Morphett St Bridge (east). It is dissected by railway lines and the River Torrens, and much of the south-eastern part of the park is occupied by the new
Royal Adelaide Hospital The Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH), colloquially known by its initials or pronounced as "the Rah", is South Australia's largest hospital, owned by the state government as part of Australia's public health care system. The RAH provides tertiary hea ...
and Medical Research and Teaching precincts, and is not accessible to the public. It is planned that should the Women and Children's Hospital be moved from North Adelaide, it will be relocated onto what is currently publicly accessible park land in Park 27. There are also plans for a second
SAHMRI The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) is an independent health and medical research institute in Adelaide, South Australia. The institute is housed in a purpose-built eponymous building with its iconic "grater, chee ...
(South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute) building and a private hospital. The park contains the Torrens Weir, restaurant and Par 3 putting course, the
Dame Roma Mitchell Gardens Adelaide Gaol is a former Australian prison located in the Park Lands of Adelaide, in the state of South Australia. The gaol was the first permanent one in South Australia and operated from 1841 until 1988. The Gaol is one of the two oldest bui ...
, the Old
Adelaide Gaol Adelaide Gaol is a former Australian prison located in the Park Lands of Adelaide, in the state of South Australia. The gaol was the first permanent one in South Australia and operated from 1841 until 1988. The Gaol is one of the two oldest bui ...
, the
Bonython Park Bonython Park is a 17-hectare park in the north-west Park Lands of the South Australian capital of Adelaide. The park was opened in 1962 and named in honour of prominent South Australian politician and journalist, Sir John Langdon Bonython. It ...
, the John E Brown Park, the Mary Lee Park, the
Helen Mayo Helen Mary Mayo, (1 October 1878 – 13 November 1967) was an Australian medical doctor and medical educator, born and raised in Adelaide. In 1896, she enrolled at the University of Adelaide, where she studied medicine. After graduating, May ...
Park, the
Kate Cocks Kate Cocks (born Fanny Kate Boadicea Cock; 5 May 1875 – 20 August 1954) was a welfare worker and one of two of the state's first female police officers in South Australia. She is best known for her work with unmarried mothers and their babies ...
Park, the Deceased Workers Memorial Forest the
Thebarton Police Barracks Thebarton ( ), formerly Theberton, on Kaurna land, is an inner-western suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of West Torrens. The suburb is bounded by the River Torrens to the north, Port Road and Bonython Park to the east, Kintore ...
, the Road Safety School, the remainder of the Railway Yard (the bulk of which was relocated to Dry Creek), assorted broad gauge and standard gauge railway lines and bridges, the new
Royal Adelaide Hospital The Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH), colloquially known by its initials or pronounced as "the Rah", is South Australia's largest hospital, owned by the state government as part of Australia's public health care system. The RAH provides tertiary hea ...
,
SAHMRI The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) is an independent health and medical research institute in Adelaide, South Australia. The institute is housed in a purpose-built eponymous building with its iconic "grater, chee ...
(South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute), assorted hospital and University buildings on the former site of the City Sk8 Park, six Tennis Courts, some boat houses and Rowing Clubs' clubhouses, etc.Current Land Tenure, 2006
, Adelaide City Council


Park 28: Palmer Gardens / Pangki Pangki

Pangki PangkiPalmer Gardens / Pangki Pangki (Park 28)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
Pangki Pangki was a Kaurna person who was a tracker and guide.CLMP for Palmer Gardens/Pangki Pangki (Park 28)
formally adopted 22 August 2005, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (1Mb, 38 pages)
Colonel George Palmer (1799-1883) was a
South Australian Colonisation Commission British colonisation of South Australia describes the planning and establishment of the colony of South Australia by the British government, covering the period from 1829, when the idea was raised by the then-imprisoned Edward Gibbon Wakefield ...
er.


Park 29: Brougham Gardens / Tantutitingga

Tantutitingga/TandotittinggaBrougham Gardens / Tantutitingga (Park 29)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'Native lilac place'Brougham Gardens/Tandotittingga (Park 29)
formally adopted 22 August 2005, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (3Mb, 40 pages)
Lord Brougham (1778-1868) was Lord High Chancellor of the United Kingdom and founder of the London University. Brougham Gardens are surrounded by
Brougham Place, North Adelaide Brougham Place is a street lined with large mansions set in landscaped grounds in the Adelaide suburb of North Adelaide, South Australia. It surrounds Brougham Gardens, ( Park 29 of the Adelaide Park Lands), that joins the three grids that ...
.


Planned parks

Other parks are the location for institutions requiring large expanses of turf or other greenery. Planned parks such as these include: *
Adelaide Botanic Gardens The Adelaide Botanic Garden is a public garden at the north-east corner of the Adelaide city centre, in the Adelaide Park Lands. It encompasses a fenced garden on North Terrace (between Lot Fourteen, the site of the old Royal Adelaide Hospital ...
(Park 11) *
Adelaide Botanic Park Adelaide ( ) is the capital city of South Australia, the state's largest city and the fifth-most populous city in Australia. "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater Adelaide (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre. The demo ...
(Park 11) *
Adelaide High School Adelaide High School is a coeducational state high school situated on the corner of West Terrace and Glover Avenue in the Adelaide Parklands. Following the Advanced School for Girls, it was the second government high school in South Australia ...
's sports grounds (Park 24) *
Adelaide Himeji Garden Adelaide Himeji Gardens is a traditionally-styled Japanese garden, a gift from Adelaide's sister city, Himeji in 1982. It is located in Park 18 (Peppermint Park / Wita Wirra), one of the southern parts of the Adelaide Park Lands in Adelaide, S ...
(Park 18) *
Adelaide Golf Links North Adelaide Golf Course is a 54 hole golf course in Adelaide, South Australia. The golf course is situated in the park lands which surround the City of Adelaide. The course consists of three courses, the Par 69 North Course, the Par 71 Sou ...
(Park 1) *
Victoria Park Racecourse Victoria Park / Pakapakanthi, also known as Park 16, is a park located in the Southeastern Park Lands of the South Australian capital of Adelaide. It is bordered by Fullarton Road, Greenhill Road, East Terrace and Wakefield Road. It hosts a ...
(Park 16) *
Adelaide Street Circuit The Adelaide Street Circuit (also known as the Adelaide Parklands Circuit) is a temporary street circuit in the East Parklands adjacent to the Adelaide central business district in South Australia, Australia. The "Grand Prix" version of t ...
(Surrounding Parks 14 & 15, and inside Park 16) *
Adelaide Oval Adelaide Oval is a sports ground in Adelaide, South Australia, located in the parklands between the city centre and North Adelaide. The venue is predominantly used for cricket and Australian rules football, but has also played host to rugby ...
(Park 26) *
Elder Park Elder Park is a public open space in the city of Adelaide, South Australia on the southern bank of the River Torrens and that is bordered by the Adelaide Festival Centre and North Terrace. The park is named after the Elder family who wer ...
(Park 26) *
Veale Gardens Veale Gardens is part of the Adelaide Parklands throughout and surrounding the City of Adelaide. It is located in the South Parklands surrounded by Greenhill and Peacock Roads, South Terrace, and Sir Lewis Cohen Avenue. The gardens can be en ...
(Park 21)


Buildings/institutions within the Park Lands

*
Adelaide Aquatic Centre The Adelaide Aquatic Centre is a complex of indoor heated swimming pools operated by the Adelaide City Council and located in the northernmost extent of the Adelaide Parklands in North Adelaide, Australia. It is located in the square of parkla ...
(Park 2) *
Adelaide Botanic Garden The Adelaide Botanic Garden is a public garden at the north-east corner of the Adelaide city centre, in the Adelaide Park Lands. It encompasses a fenced garden on North Terrace, Adelaide, North Terrace (between Lot Fourteen, the site of the old ...
* (Park 11) *
Adelaide Botanic High School Adelaide Botanic High School is a coeducational public secondary school situated on Frome Road in Adelaide, South Australia. The school's campus is situated on land adjoining the Adelaide Botanic Garden and the former site of the Royal Adelaide ...
(Park 11) *
Adelaide Convention Centre The Adelaide Convention Centre is a large convention centre on North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia. It was the first purpose-built convention centre to be built in Australia. History The convention centre was designed by John Andrews a ...
* (Park 26) *
Adelaide Festival Centre Adelaide Festival Centre, Australia's first multi-purpose arts centre and the home of South Australia's performing arts, was built in the 1970s, designed by Hassell Architects. The Festival Theatre opened in June 1973 with the rest of the centr ...
(Park 26) *
Adelaide Gaol Adelaide Gaol is a former Australian prison located in the Park Lands of Adelaide, in the state of South Australia. The gaol was the first permanent one in South Australia and operated from 1841 until 1988. The Gaol is one of the two oldest bui ...
(Park 27) *
Adelaide High School Adelaide High School is a coeducational state high school situated on the corner of West Terrace and Glover Avenue in the Adelaide Parklands. Following the Advanced School for Girls, it was the second government high school in South Australia ...
(Park 24) *
Adelaide Oval Adelaide Oval is a sports ground in Adelaide, South Australia, located in the parklands between the city centre and North Adelaide. The venue is predominantly used for cricket and Australian rules football, but has also played host to rugby ...
(Park 26) *
Adelaide Park Lands Terminal Adelaide Parklands Terminal, formerly known as Keswick Terminal, is the interstate passenger railway station in Adelaide, South Australia. It is the only station in the world where passengers can board trains on both north-south and east-west ...
(Park 23) *
Adelaide railway station Adelaide Railway Station is the central terminus of the Adelaide Metro railway system. All lines approach the station from the west, and it is a terminal station with no through lines, with most of the traffic on the metropolitan network eithe ...
* (Park 26) *
Adelaide University Boat Club The Adelaide University Boat Club is a rowing club affiliated with the University of Adelaide. The club was founded in 1881, and in 1896 helped to form the Adelaide University Sports Association. The main clubrooms, donated by Robert Barr Smit ...
(Park 12) *
Adelaide Zoo Adelaide Zoo is Australia's second oldest zoo (after Melbourne Zoo), and it is operated on a non-profit basis. It is located in the parklands just north of the city centre of Adelaide, South Australia. It is administered by the Royal Zoologi ...
(Park 11) *
Art Gallery of South Australia The Art Gallery of South Australia (AGSA), established as the National Gallery of South Australia in 1881, is located in Adelaide. It is the most significant visual arts museum in the Australian state of South Australia. It has a collection of ...
* (Park 12) *
Botanic Park Botanic is an adjective related to botany, the study of plants. Botanic may also refer to: * Botanic (District Electoral Area), an electoral ward of Belfast, Northern Ireland, named after Belfast's Botanic Gardens ** Botanic railway station, s ...
(Park 11) *
Government House Government House is the name of many of the official residences of governors-general, governors and lieutenant-governors in the Commonwealth and the remaining colonies of the British Empire. The name is also used in some other countries. Gover ...
* (Park 12) *
Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science SA Pathology, (formerly the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science (IMVS)), is an organisation providing diagnostic and clinical pathology services throughout South Australia for the public health sector. The headquarters are in Frome Road, ...
(Park 11) * Memorial Drive (Park 26) * Mile End railway station (Park 24) * National War Memorial* (Park 12) *
National Wine Centre The National Wine Centre of Australia (commonly the "Wine Centre") is a public exhibition building about winemaking and its industry in South Australia, opened in 2001. It contains an interactive permanent exhibition of winemaking, introducing ...
(Park 11) *
North Adelaide railway station North Adelaide railway station is located on the Gawler line in the inner northern Adelaide suburb of North Adelaide. It is from Adelaide station. History North Adelaide station opened in 1857 with a station building (including a waiting ro ...
(Park 27) *
Parliament House Parliament House may refer to: Australia * Parliament House, Canberra, Parliament of Australia * Parliament House, Adelaide, Parliament of South Australia * Parliament House, Brisbane, Parliament of Queensland * Parliament House, Darwin, Parliame ...
* (Park 26) *
Royal Adelaide Hospital The Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH), colloquially known by its initials or pronounced as "the Rah", is South Australia's largest hospital, owned by the state government as part of Australia's public health care system. The RAH provides tertiary hea ...
* (Old site:Park 11, New site:Park 27) *
South Australian Museum The South Australian Museum is a natural history museum and research institution in Adelaide, South Australia, founded in 1856 and owned by the Government of South Australia. It occupies a complex of buildings on North Terrace in the cultu ...
* (Park 12) *
State Library of South Australia The State Library of South Australia, or SLSA, formerly known as the Public Library of South Australia, located on North Terrace, Adelaide, is the official library of the Australian state of South Australia. It is the largest public research l ...
* (Park 12) *
Thebarton Police Barracks Thebarton ( ), formerly Theberton, on Kaurna land, is an inner-western suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of West Torrens. The suburb is bounded by the River Torrens to the north, Port Road and Bonython Park to the east, Kintore ...
(Park 27) *
Torrens Parade Ground Torrens Parade Ground, which includes the former Torrens Training Depot and Drill Hall, is a former military facility located in Adelaide, South Australia. Location and description The Parade Ground lies behind Government House, between King Wi ...
(Park 12) *
University of Adelaide The University of Adelaide (informally Adelaide University) is a public research university located in Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1874, it is the third-oldest university in Australia. The university's main campus is located on N ...
City (main) campus* (Park 12) *
University of South Australia The University of South Australia (UniSA) is a public research university in the Australian state of South Australia. It is a founding member of the Australian Technology Network of universities, and is the largest university in South Australi ...
City East campus* (Park 12) *
Victoria Park Racecourse Victoria Park / Pakapakanthi, also known as Park 16, is a park located in the Southeastern Park Lands of the South Australian capital of Adelaide. It is bordered by Fullarton Road, Greenhill Road, East Terrace and Wakefield Road. It hosts a ...
buildings (Park 16) *
West Terrace Cemetery The West Terrace Cemetery is South Australia's oldest cemetery, first appearing on Colonel William Light's 1837 plan of Adelaide. The site is located in Park 23 of the Adelaide Park Lands just south-west of the Adelaide city centre, between ...
(Park 23) * North Terrace forms the southern boundary of these establishments. Now-demolished buildings/structures which were built on the Park Lands include: *
Jubilee Exhibition Building The Jubilee Exhibition Building in Adelaide, South Australia, was built to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Queen Victoria's accession to the throne on 20 June 1837. The jubilees of her Coronation on 28 June 1838, and of the Proclamation of Sout ...
* 1887–1962 (Park 12) *
Jubilee Exhibition Railway The Jubilee Exhibition Railway was a railway spur in Adelaide, South Australia. It was built in 1887 from where the Adelaide station currently is to the Jubilee Exhibition Building which stood near Frome Road on what is now part of the Universi ...
1887–1927 (Park 12)


Park Land preservation movement

Since the Park Lands were set apart by William Light as part of his original 1837 Plan of the City of Adelaide, and intended by the city founders to be reserved as public walks in perpetuity, any development can be seen to go against the founding ambitions for Adelaide and be a source of controversy in the community. In response to incessant pressure and erosion, there have been many defenders of the Adelaide Park Lands. In 1987 a public meeting was held, which resulted in the formation of the Adelaide Parklands Preservation Association Inc, (APPA), which later corrected its name to Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association Inc. and in 2021 removed "Preservation" from its name, which is now Adelaide Park Lands Association Inc (APA). Examples of such pressure and erosion are listed on APA's "Current Issues" page. An example of one such source of controversy is the
Victoria Park Victoria Park may refer to: Places Australia * Victoria Park Nature Reserve, a protected area in Northern Rivers region, New South Wales * Victoria Park, Adelaide, a park and racecourse * Victoria Park, Brisbane, a public park and former golf ...
racecourse and associated areas south-east of the city centre which have been used for motor racing events for short periods of each year. In 2008 these parts of the Park Lands were targeted for development, incurring opposition from members of the community. The proposed plans included construction of a permanent corporate facility to provide hospitality and spectator facilities to select groups at events such as the
Adelaide 500 The Adelaide 500 (also known as the VALO Adelaide 500 for sponsorship reasons) is an annual motor racing event for Supercars held on the streets of the east end of Adelaide, South Australia between 1999 to 2020 and again from 2022. It is somet ...
motor racing event. On 30 August 2007 veteran Adelaide heritage consultant and conservation architect Ron Danvers said it was "a myth" that Adelaide's founding fathers created the parklands exclusively for open space, and that it was "self-evident" that Colonel William Light's 1837 plan of Adelaide envisaged development of facilities beyond the CBD. In a submission to the Adelaide City Council, Mr Danvers said the state Government's $55 million plan for a grandstand at Victoria Park for horse and motor racing was "completely consistent with the founding principles for the city". "Under Light's direction, the intention to locate public facilities outside of the main street grid is beyond question", he said in a report commissioned by developers
KBR KBR can stand for: * KBR (company), formerly Kellogg, Brown & Root, US * KBR (news agency), an Indonesian radio news agency * KBR Park, Hyderabad, India * Kafa language, spoken in Ethiopia * Key-based routing in computer networking * Potassium brom ...
.Article on conservation architect Ron Danvers submission to the Adelaide City Council, appearing in The Advertiser, page 28, 30 August 2007. After counter-arguments were expressed, the proposal was dropped.


See also

*
List of Adelaide parks and gardens List of Adelaide parks and gardens refers to parks and gardens within the metropolitan area in South Australia known as Adelaide. Northern Adelaide The South Australian government region known as Northern Adelaide and which occupies the north ...


References

* * *
(List of) Community Land Management Plans
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010


Further reading

* *
Pirltawardli
(Adelaidia) {{AdelaideParklands Parks in Adelaide Australian National Heritage List 1837 establishments in Australia North Adelaide