Paris Lodron or Paris of Lodron (''German'': Paris Graf von Lodron), 13 February 1586 - 15 December 1653, was the
Prince-Archbishop of the
Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg
The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg (german: Fürsterzbistum Salzburg; Erzstift Salzburg; Erzbistum Salzburg) was an ecclesiastical principality and state of the Holy Roman Empire. It comprised the secular territory ruled by the archbishops of ...
from 1619-1653.
Early life
![00 Castelnuovo di Noarna](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/00_Castelnuovo_di_Noarna.jpg)
He was born 13 February 1586 in the Castelnuovo di Noarna, in
Nogaredo,
Trentino
Trentino ( lld, Trentin), officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an autonomous province of Italy, in the country's far north. The Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, an autonomous region ...
. He was the son of Count Nicolò Lodron (1549-1621) (a scion of the branch of the noble
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
family Lodron from Trentino called the ''Vallagarina'' or ''Castelnuovo-Castellano'' line), an imperial colonel and governor of the
County of Tyrol
The (Princely) County of Tyrol was an estate of the Holy Roman Empire established about 1140. After 1253, it was ruled by the House of Gorizia and from 1363 by the House of Habsburg. In 1804, the County of Tyrol, unified with the secularised ...
; and his wife Dorothea von Welsperg (1559-1615).
[Konrad Falko Wutscher. "Die lodronischen Schlösser im Lagertal in Welschtirol". In ''Südtiroler Burgeninstitut (Hrsg.), Burgen Perspektiven. 50 Jahre Südtiroler Burgeninstitut, 1961–2013''. Universitätsverlag Wagner: Innsbruck, S. 387–399. ]
At the age of eleven Lodron went to
Trento
Trento ( or ; Ladin and lmo, Trent; german: Trient ; cim, Tria; , ), also anglicized as Trent, is a city on the Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. It is the capital of the autonomous province of Trento. In the 16th ce ...
to study theology, and later to
Bologna
Bologna (, , ; egl, label=Emilian language, Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 1 ...
, completing his studies with the
Jesuits
, image = Ihs-logo.svg
, image_size = 175px
, caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits
, abbreviation = SJ
, nickname = Jesuits
, formation =
, founders = ...
in
Ingolstadt
Ingolstadt (, Austro-Bavarian: ) is an independent city on the Danube in Upper Bavaria with 139,553 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2022). Around half a million people live in the metropolitan area. Ingolstadt is the second largest city in Upper Ba ...
in 1604. He was ordained a priest in March 1614. At the request of Prince-Archbishop
Markus Sittich von Hohenems
Mark Sittich von Hohenems (24 June 1574 – 9 October 1619) was Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg from 1612 until his death.
Biography
Mark Sittich von Hohenems was born in Hohenems, Further Austria (Vorarlberg), a member of the noble House of Ems. ...
, Lodron was elected
Provost of the
cathedral chapter and President of the Archbishop's
exchequer
In the civil service of the United Kingdom, His Majesty’s Exchequer, or just the Exchequer, is the accounting process of central government and the government's '' current account'' (i.e., money held from taxation and other government revenu ...
.
Archbishop
Sittich died 9 Oct 1619, and Lodron was elected to succeed him on 13 November 1619. He received his episcopal ordination on May 23 of the following year.
Due to Sittich's refusal to join the
Catholic League, Lodron was able to keep Salzburg out of the
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle ...
and concentrate on improvements to his domain.
On 23 July 1622, he appointed the scholar Albert Keuslin first
rector
Rector (Latin for the member of a vessel's crew who steers) may refer to:
Style or title
*Rector (ecclesiastical), a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations
*Rector (academia), a senior official in an edu ...
of the
Benedictine
, image = Medalla San Benito.PNG
, caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal
, abbreviation = OSB
, formation =
, motto = (English: 'Pray and Work')
, foun ...
University of Salzburg
The University of Salzburg (german: Universität Salzburg), also known as the Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (''Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg'', PLUS), is an Austrian public university in Salzburg municipality, Salzburg state, named af ...
. Keuslin, a graduate of the Jesuit
University of Dillingen
The University of Dillingen, at Dillingen an der Donau in southern Germany, existed from 1551 to 1803. It was located in Swabia, then a district of Bavaria.
Foundation
Its founder was Cardinal Otto Truchsess von Waldburg, Prince-Bishop of Augsbur ...
, had established the ''Akademisches Gymnasium'', a secondary school, at Salzburg five years earlier. By resolution of Emperor
Ferdinand II, issued on October 8, the Gymnasium was raised to a university. While the
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle ...
raged outside the Archbishopric, the university was built up and maintained by a federation of Benedictine abbeys from Salzburg,
Switzerland,
Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...
and
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
. In its early years, courses taught were
theology
Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...
,
divinity
Divinity or the divine are things that are either related to, devoted to, or proceeding from a deity.[divine< ...](_blank)
,
philosophy, law, and medicine. The university is sometimes called ''Paris-Lodron-Universität-Salzburg (PLUS)'' after the Archbishop.
Paris Lodron had modern
bastion fort (''trace italienne'') fortifications built for the town and country by master builder
Santino Solari
Santino Solari (1576 – April 10, 1646), was an Italian architect and sculptor, who worked mainly in Austria. He was born at Verna near Como.
In 1612, he was appointed chief architect of Salzburg by the archbishop Markus Sittikus. His w ...
. In the city, a defensive belt of five large
bastions was drawn around the Neustadt, which stretched from the Linzertoren over the Franz-Josef-Straße area to the former Mirabell Gate and the spa garden. In the old town, the rocks of the
Mönchsberg
The Mönchsberg, at above sea level, is one of five mountains in the city of Salzburg in Austria. It flanks the western side of Salzburg's historic city centre, and forms part of the city's UNESCO World Heritage Site.
It is named after the B ...
were carved out all around (leveled and smoothed) and thus made usable as natural defensive walls. The Müllner
Schanze
A ''schanze'' () is, according to the specialist terminology of German fortification construction, an independent fieldwork, that is frequently used in the construction of temporary (not permanent) field fortifications.Rüstow: ''Militärisches Han ...
formed the end of the old town on the left bank in the north. The
Hohensalzburg Fortress
Hohensalzburg Fortress (german: Festung Hohensalzburg, lit=High Salzburg Fortress) is a large medieval fortress in the city of Salzburg, Austria. It sits atop the Festungsberg at an altitude of 506 m. It was erected at the behest of the Prince-Arc ...
was also considerably expanded in line with the new defense technology, and the outworks in particular (Nonnbergbasteien, Hasengrabenbastei, Katzen) were reinforced.
Despite the military and political problems of his time, Lodron was able to complete the Salzburg Cathedral renovations begun but not finished by Sittich, and have it artistically decorated. The consecration of the cathedral on September 25, 1628 was an eight-day baroque festival. Three collegiate
monasteries
A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits). A monastery generally includes a place reserved for prayer which ...
were founded by Lodron, in 1618 and 1621 in
Laufen (
de), in 1633 in
Tittmoning and in 1631 the ''Schneherrrenstift'' near Salzburg Cathedral.
Death and succession
Lodron died in
Salzburg
Salzburg (, ; literally "Salt-Castle"; bar, Soizbuag, label= Austro-Bavarian) is the fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872.
The town is on the site of the Roman settlement of ''Iuvavum''. Salzburg was founded ...
on 15 December 1653, and would be succeeded as Archbishop by
Guidobald Reichsgraf von Thun.
![Salzburg Cathedral - cenotaph Archbishop Paris Lodron 01](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Salzburg_Cathedral_-_cenotaph_Archbishop_Paris_Lodron_01.jpg)
Lodron did not keep a mistress as his predecessors sometimes had, but he provided lavishly for the first and second sons of his brother Christoph, building a pair of chateaus (the ''Paris Lodronsche Primogeniturpalast'' and ''Paris-Lodronscher Sekundogeniturpalast'') in the core of Salzburg, which were still standing in the 21st century.
The four-block ''Paris-Lodron-Straße'', near
Mirabell Palace
Mirabell Palace (german: Schloss Mirabell) is a historic building in the city of Salzburg, Austria. The palace with its gardens is a listed cultural heritage monument and part of the Historic Centre of the City of Salzburg UNESCO World Heritage Si ...
, still serves as a border between the city's ''Altstadt'' and ''Neustadt''.
Further reading
* Reinhard Rudolf Heinisch: ''Salzburg im Dreißigjährigen Krieg.'' Notring, Wien 1968 (dissertation for University of Vienna; in German)
*
Reinhard Rudolf Heinisch: ''Paris Graf Lodron: Reichsfürst und Erzbischof von Salzburg.'' Amalthea, Wien ''et al.'' 1991,
* (in German)
*
*
References
External links
{{Authority control
Roman Catholic archbishops of Salzburg
17th-century German Roman Catholic bishops
People from Trentino
University of Salzburg