Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome (POS) is a medical condition characterized by a specific set of symptoms affecting the eye and nearby lymph nodes. Named after the French ophthalmologist Henri Parinaud, it should not be confused with the neurological syndrome caused by a lesion in the midbrain which is also known as
Parinaud's syndrome
Parinaud's syndrome is an inability to move the eyes up and down. It is caused by compression of the vertical gaze center at the rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF). The eyes lose the ability to move upward and ...
The syndrome manifests as granulomatous conjunctivitis in one eye, accompanied by swollen lymph nodes in front of the ear on the same side. Granulomatous conjunctivitis refers to inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane that covers the white part of the eye, characterized by the presence of granulomas, small areas of inflammation due to tissue injury. Patients with POS may experience a red, irritated, and painful eye, fever, a general lack of well-being, swelling of nearby lymph glands, and sometimes increased tearing.Mannis, MJ, and Holland, EJ. **Cornea**. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2016. p. 400.
Causes
The most common cause of POS is cat-scratch disease, an infectious disease that typically results from a scratch or bite from a cat. However, this syndrome is an unusual feature of cat-scratch disease. In rare cases, other infections may also cause the syndrome.Mannis, MJ, and Holland, EJ. **Cornea**. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2016. p. 400.
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Bartonella henselae
''Bartonella henselae'', formerly ''Rochalimæa henselae'', is a bacterium that is the causative agent of cat-scratch disease (bartonellosis).
''Bartonella henselae'' is a member of the genus ''Bartonella'', one of the most common types of bacter ...
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Francisella tularensis
''Francisella tularensis'' is a pathogenic species of Gram-negative coccobacillus, an aerobic bacterium. It is nonspore-forming, nonmotile, and the causative agent of tularemia, the pneumonic form of which is often lethal without treatment. It is ...
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
''Paracoccidioides brasiliensis'' is a dimorphic fungus and one of the two species that cause paracoccidioidomycosis (the other being '' Paracoccidioides lutzii).'' The fungus has been affiliated with the family Ajellomycetaceae (division Ascomyc ...
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Diagnosis
Diagnostic tests vary by symptoms, clinical findings, and patient history. They can include serology, culture, and PCR.