''Parides lysander'', the Lysander cattleheart, is a species of

butterfly Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...

in the family

Papilionidae Swallowtail butterflies are large, colorful butterflies in the family Papilionidae, and include over 550 species. Though the majority are tropical, members of the family inhabit every continent except Antarctica. The family includes the larges ...

. It is found in the

Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

. The larvae feed on ''

Aristolochia ''Aristolochia'' () is a large plant genus with over 500 species that is the type genus of the family Aristolochiaceae. Its members are commonly known as birthwort, pipevine or Dutchman's pipe and are widespread and occur in the most diverse clima ...

'' species including '' A. huberiana'', '' A. sprucei'', '' A. littoralis'', '' A. ruiziana'', and '' A. leuconeura''. Gray1853CatLepInsCollBritMusPapilionidaePlate10supp

Subspecies

*''P. l. lysander'' Guianas *''P. l. parsodes'' (Gray,

853 __NOTOC__ Year 853 ( DCCCLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * May 22 – A Byzantine fleet (85 ships and 5,000 men) sacks and d ...

Brazil (Pará) *''P. l. brissonius'' (Hübner,

819 __NOTOC__ Year 819 (Roman numerals, DCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Emperor Louis the Pious, Louis I marries Judith ...

Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, S.Peru, Brazil (Amazonas) *''P. l. mattogrossensis'' (Talbot, 1928) Brazil (Mato Grosso) *''P. l. antalcidas'' Tyler, Brown & Wilson, 1994 Brazil (Pará) *''P. l. orinocoensis'' Constantino, Le Crom & Salazar, 2002 Colombia

Description from Seitz

P. lysander Cr. (= ''phrynichus'' Fldr.). Male with white scent-wool in the fold of the hindwing. Outer margin of the forewing in the female rounded; the last two red spots on the hindwing separated, standing obliquely one under the other; female-f. ''parsodes'' Gray (= ''sonoria'' Gray) has a large white area on the forewing, composed of several spots: in the female -f. ''arbates'' Stoll (= ''anaximenes'' Fldr.) the forewing has only one white spot; whilst in the female-f. ''brissonius'' Gray (5b) the forewing has no white spot at all. A male with yellow instead of red spots on the forewing has been described as ab. ''bari'' Oberth. — This species is known from the whole of the Amazon, East Peru and East Ecuador, as well as from the Guianas and Bogota; it has not hitherto been found in Bolivia nor in Brazil proper. It is a swamp species and flies heavily over the wettest places in the shade of the woods.

Description from Rothschild and Jordan (1906)

A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906) File:CramerAndStoll-uitlandsche kapellen vol. 4- pl 386.jpg File:Macrolepidoptera15seit 0019.jpg File:NovaraExpZoologischeTheilLepidopteraAtlasTaf8.jpg File:Oberthur 1879EtudEnt4Plate 4.jpg

Taxonomy

''Parides lysander'' is a member of the ''aeneas''

species group In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...

:Edwin Möhn, 2007 ''Butterflies of the World'', Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. ''Parides'' Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers The members are *''

Parides aeneas ''Parides aeneas'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm. The larva feeds on '' Aristolochia'' ''burchelli'' and ''A. barbata'' Subspecies *''P. a. aeneas'' Guianas, Surinam *''P. a. bolivar ...

'' *'' Parides aglaope'' *'' Parides burchellanus'' *''

Parides echemon ''Parides echemon'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm. It is common and not threatened. Subspecies *''P. e. echemon'' Brazil (Pará) *''P. e. ergeteles'' (Gray,

Guianas, French Gu ...

'' *'' Parides eurimedes'' – mylotes cattleheart, Arcas cattleheart, pink-checked cattleheart, or true cattleheart *''Parides lysander'' *''

Parides neophilus ''Parides neophilus'', the spear-winged cattleheart, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm. The larvae feed on '' Aristolochia trilobata'' and '' Aristolochia colombiana''. Subspecies *''P. ...

'' – spear-winged cattleheart *'' Parides orellana'' *'' Parides panthonus'' – panthonus cattleheart *'' Parides tros'' *'' Parides zacynthus''

References

* *Lewis, H. L., 1974 ''Butterflies of the World'' Page 26, figure 14 {{Taxonbar, from=Q3365076 Butterflies described in 1775 Parides Papilionidae of South America Taxa named by Pieter Cramer