''Paratilapia'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

of cichlids generally restricted to

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

. These are large, dark cichlids densely covered in light spots. An additional very poorly known species from the

Congo River The Congo River ( kg, Nzâdi Kôngo, french: Fleuve Congo, pt, Rio Congo), formerly also known as the Zaire River, is the second longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as well as the second largest river in the world by discharge ...

basin in mainland Africa is sometimes also placed in the genus, but this is highly questionable and arguably it is better placed in the "

wastebasket genus Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the sole purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically defin ...

" ''

Haplochromis ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichl ...

'' for the time being.Greenwood (1979). ''Towards a phyletic classification of the 'genus' Haplochromis (Pisces, Cichlidae) and related taxa.'' Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 35(4): 265-322

Taxonomy

Phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

analyses of DNA sequence and morphological data have hitherto been unable to resolve the relationships of the genus to satisfaction. For example, sequence data from

mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA ...

16S rRNA 16S rRNA may refer to: * 16S ribosomal RNA 16 S ribosomal RNA (or 16 S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome ( SSU rRNA). It binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and provides most of the SSU structure. The g ...

and COI disagree regarding its placement, (2004): Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the Malagasy and South Asian cichlids (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae). ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 30(3): 599–614. (HTML abstract) and the standard hypothesis among cichlids - that this is due to hybridization effects - can obviously not apply here as both genes are mitochondrial and affected by hybrid introgression in the same way. In any case, ''Paratilapia'' tends to occupy a position between African subfamilies such as the

Ptychochrominae The Ptychochrominae are a subfamily in the cichlid family of fish. It includes about 14 species. They are restricted to lakes and rivers in Madagascar, and the majority are threatened. Most cichlid genera native to Madagascar are included in thi ...

and the Indo-Malagasy clade comprising the

Etroplinae Etroplinae is a subfamily in the cichlid family of fishes. The subfamily includes 3 genera (and about 16 species) : '' Etroplus'' and '' Pseudetroplus'', which are the only cichlids native to India and Sri Lanka, and ''Paretroplus'' from Madagas ...

and

in most analyses, and this may well be correct. If so, its ancestors must have separated from those of all other living cichlids in the

Mesozoic The Mesozoic Era ( ), also called the Age of Reptiles, the Age of Conifers, and colloquially as the Age of the Dinosaurs is the second-to-last era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about , comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretace ...

. They most probably were already a distinct lineage by the

Turonian The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.8 Ma and 89.8 ± 1 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded b ...

(about 90 million years ago), as the Indo-Malagasy clade must have originated before the split of Madagascar from the

Indian Plate The Indian Plate (or India Plate) is a minor tectonic plate straddling the equator in the Eastern Hemisphere. Originally a part of the ancient continent of Gondwana, the Indian Plate broke away from the other fragments of Gondwana , began ...

, which commenced then and was finished by the end of the

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...

. Consequently, they would have to be classified as a subfamily of their own, the Paratilapiinae. While currently included in this genus, ''P. toddi'' probably does not belong here. Correct placement is uncertain.

Species

The recognized species in this genus are: * '' Paratilapia polleni'' Bleeker, 1868 * '' Paratilapia toddi'' Boulenger, 1905 – unlikely to belong in this genus

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q898772 Cichlid fish of Africa Freshwater fish genera Cichlid genera Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker Ptychochrominae