''Trema'' is a
genus of about 15 species of
evergreen trees closely related to the hackberries (''
Celtis''), occurring in subtropical and tropical regions of southern
Asia, northern
Australasia,
Africa,
South
South is one of the cardinal directions or Points of the compass, compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both east and west.
Etymology
The word ''south'' comes from Old English ''sūþ'', from earlier Pro ...
and
Central America, and parts of
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
. They are generally small trees, reaching tall.
Taxonomy
Previously included either in the
elm family,
Ulmaceae, or with ''Celtis'' in the Celtidaceae, genetic analysis has shown the Celtidaceae are best placed in the
hemp
Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a botanical class of ''Cannabis sativa'' cultivars grown specifically for industrial or medicinal use. It can be used to make a wide range of products. Along with bamboo, hemp is among the fastest growing plants o ...
family,
Cannabaceae.
Description
The
leaves
A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...
are alternate, simple, long, ovate-acuminate to lanceolate with a long pointed tip, and evenly serrated margins. The
fruit is a small
drupe
In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the ''pit'', ''stone'', or '' pyrena'') of hardened endocarp with a seed (''kernel'') ...
in diameter.
Species associations
''Trema'' species are sometimes used as food plants by the
larvae of
hepialid moths of the genera ''
Aenetus'', including ''A. splendens'', which burrow horizontally into the trunk then vertically down, and ''
Endoclita'', including ''E. malabaricus''.
Some ''Trema'' species unusually able to live in symbiosis with
rhizobia
Rhizobia are diazotrophic bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside the root nodules of legumes (Fabaceae). To express genes for nitrogen fixation, rhizobia require a plant host; they cannot independently fix nitrogen. In gene ...
for nitrogen fixation as a non-legume. In this case it is customary to mention these species as a separate genus ''Parasponia''.
Uses
''
Trema orientalis
''Trema orientale'' (sometimes spelled ''Trema orientalis'') is a species of flowering tree in the hemp family, Cannabaceae. The basionym of ''T. orientalis'', ''Celtis orientalis'' was originally described and published in ''Species P ...
'' is widely planted for land reclamation in southern Asia, valued for its tolerance of poor soils due to its ability to fix
nitrogen. It is also an
invasive species
An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species ad ...
on some
Pacific Ocean islands.
Species
''Trema'' comprises the following species:
* ''
Trema affinis
''Trema orientale'' (sometimes spelled ''Trema orientalis'') is a species of flowering tree in the hemp family, Cannabaceae. The basionym of ''T. orientalis'', ''Celtis orientalis'' was originally described and published in ''Species P ...
''
(Planch.) Blume
* ''
Trema amboinensis
Trema may refer to:
* a Greek and Latin root meaning ''hole''
* ''Tréma'', a word in French meaning diaeresis
** more generally, two dots (diacritic)
* ''Trema'' (plant), a genus of about 15 species of small evergreen trees
* Tréma (record lab ...
''
(Willd.) Blume
* ''
Trema andersonii
Trema may refer to:
* a Greek and Latin root meaning ''hole''
* ''Tréma'', a word in French meaning diaeresis
** more generally, two dots (diacritic)
* ''Trema'' (plant), a genus of about 15 species of small evergreen trees
* Tréma (record la ...
''
(Planch.) Byng & Christenh.
* ''
Trema angustifolium
Trema may refer to:
* a Greek and Latin root meaning ''hole''
* ''Tréma'', a word in French meaning diaeresis
** more generally, two dots (diacritic)
* ''Trema'' (plant), a genus of about 15 species of small evergreen trees
* Tréma (record lab ...
''
(Planch.) Blume
* ''
Trema asperum
Trema may refer to:
* a Greek and Latin root meaning ''hole''
* ''Tréma'', a word in French meaning diaeresis
** more generally, two dots (diacritic)
* ''Trema'' (plant), a genus of about 15 species of small evergreen trees
* Tréma (record lab ...
''
(Brongn.) Blume
* ''
Trema cannabina''
Lour. – Lesser trema
* ''
Trema cubense
Trema may refer to:
* a List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z#T, Greek and Latin root meaning ''hole''
* ''Tréma'', a word in French meaning diaeresis
** more generally, two dots (diacritic)
* Trema (plant), ''Trema'' (plant), a genus of ...
''
Urb.
Ignatz Urban (7 January 1848 – 7 January 1931) was a German botanist. He is known for his contributions to the flora of the Caribbean and Brazil, and for his work as curator of the Berlin Botanical Garden. Born the son of a brewer, Urban s ...
* ''
Trema discolor
''Trema discolor'' is a species of plant in the family Cannabaceae. It is endemic to French Polynesia
)Territorial motto: ( en, "Great Tahiti of the Golden Haze")
, anthem =
, song_type = Regional anthem
, song = " Ia Ora 'O Tahiti Nui" ...
''
(Brongniart) Blume
* ''
Trema domingense
Trema may refer to:
* a Greek and Latin root meaning ''hole''
* ''Tréma'', a word in French meaning diaeresis
** more generally, two dots (diacritic)
* ''Trema'' (plant), a genus of about 15 species of small evergreen trees
* Tréma (record lab ...
''
Urb.
* ''
Trema eurhynchum
Trema may refer to:
* a Greek and Latin root meaning ''hole''
* ''Tréma'', a word in French meaning diaeresis
** more generally, two dots (diacritic)
* ''Trema'' (plant), a genus of about 15 species of small evergreen trees
* Tréma (record lab ...
''
(Miq.) Byng & Christenh.
* ''
Trema integerrima
Trema may refer to:
* a Greek and Latin root meaning ''hole''
* ''Tréma'', a word in French meaning diaeresis
** more generally, two dots (diacritic)
* ''Trema'' (plant), a genus of about 15 species of small evergreen trees
* Tréma (record la ...
''
(Beurl.) Standl.
* ''
Trema lamarckianum''
(Roem. & Schult.) Blume – West Indian trema, Lamarck's trema
* ''
Trema levigatum
Trema may refer to:
* a List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z#T, Greek and Latin root meaning ''hole''
* ''Tréma'', a word in French meaning diaeresis
** more generally, two dots (diacritic)
* Trema (plant), ''Trema'' (plant), a genus of ...
''
Hand.-Mazz.
* ''
Trema melastomatifolium
Trema may refer to:
* a Greek and Latin root meaning ''hole''
* ''Tréma'', a word in French meaning diaeresis
** more generally, two dots (diacritic)
* ''Trema'' (plant), a genus of about 15 species of small evergreen trees
* Tréma (record lab ...
''
(J.J.Sm.) Byng & Christenh.
* ''
Trema micranthum''
(L.) Blume – Jamaican nettle tree
* ''
Trema nitidum
Trema may refer to:
* a Greek and Latin root meaning ''hole''
* ''Tréma'', a word in French meaning diaeresis
** more generally, two dots (diacritic)
* ''Trema'' (plant), a genus of about 15 species of small evergreen trees
* Tréma (record la ...
''
C.J. Chen
* ''
Trema orientale
''Trema orientale'' (sometimes spelled ''Trema orientalis'') is a species of flowering tree in the hemp family, Cannabaceae. The basionym of ''T. orientalis'', ''Celtis orientalis'' was originally described and published in ''Species P ...
''
(L.) Blume – Pigeon wood
* ''
Trema parviflorum
Trema may refer to:
* a Greek and Latin root meaning ''hole''
* ''Tréma'', a word in French meaning diaeresis
** more generally, two dots (diacritic)
* ''Trema'' (plant), a genus of about 15 species of small evergreen trees
* Tréma (record lab ...
''
(Miq.) Byng & Christenh.
* ''
Trema politorium
Trema may refer to:
* a Greek and Latin root meaning ''hole''
* '' Tréma'', a word in French meaning diaeresis
** more generally, two dots (diacritic)
* ''Trema'' (plant), a genus of about 15 species of small evergreen trees
* Tréma (record l ...
''
(Planch.) Blume
* ''
Trema simulans
Trema may refer to:
* a Greek and Latin root meaning ''hole''
* ''Tréma'', a word in French meaning diaeresis
** more generally, two dots (diacritic)
* ''Trema'' (plant), a genus of about 15 species of small evergreen trees
* Tréma (record lab ...
''
(Merr. & L.M.Perry) Byng & Christenh.
* ''
Trema tomentosum''
(Roxb.) H.Hara – Poison peach
** var. ''tomentosum''
(Roxb.) H.Hara
**
var. ''viridis'' (Planch.) Hewson – eastern
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
* ''
Trema vieillardii
Trema may refer to:
* a Greek and Latin root meaning ''hole''
* ''Tréma'', a word in French meaning diaeresis
** more generally, two dots (diacritic)
* ''Trema'' (plant), a genus of about 15 species of small evergreen trees
* Tréma (record lab ...
''
(Planch.) Schltr.
Species names with uncertain taxonomic status
The status of the following species is unresolved:
* ''Parasponia paucinervia''
Merr. & L.M.Perry
* ''Parasponia rugosa''
Blume
* ''Parasponia similis''
Blume
* ''Trema acuminatissima''
Boerl.
* ''Trema argentea''
Blume
* ''Trema blancoi''
Blume
* ''Trema bracteolata''
Blume
* ''Trema burmanni''
Blume
* ''Trema carinata''
Blume
* ''Trema crassifolia''
Liebm.
* ''Trema glabrescens''
Blume
* ''Trema glomerata''
Blume
* ''Trema griffithii''
Blume
* ''Trema guinensis''
Priemer
* ''Trema humbertii''
J.-F.Leroy
* ''Trema imbricata''
Blume
* ''Trema integrifolia''
Baill.
* ''Trema integrifolia''
Hosok.
* ''Trema lancifolia''
Ridl.
* ''Trema malaccensis''
Gand.
* ''Trema morifolia''
Blume
* ''Trema pallida''
Blume
* ''Trema philippinensis''
Elmer
* ''Trema pubigera''
Blume
* ''Trema rigida''
Blume
* ''Trema rugosa''
Blume
* ''Trema scaberrima''
Blume
* ''Trema sieberi''
Blume
* ''Trema strigilosa''
Lundell
* ''Trema strigosa''
Blume
* ''Trema viridis''
Blume
* ''Trema vulcanica''
Merr.
References
External links
Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) page on ''Trema orientalis'' (with photos)
{{Taxonbar, from=Q945999
Rosales genera