The Parang River (), also called Para River () and Pare Chu () is an upstream tributary of the
Sutlej River
The Sutlej or Satluj River () is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the historic crossroads region of Punjab in northern India and Pakistan. The Sutlej River is also known as ''Satadru''. It is the easternmost tributary of the Ind ...
, that originates in the Indian state of
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh (; ; "Snow-laden Mountain Province") is a state in the northern part of India. Situated in the Western Himalayas, it is one of the thirteen mountain states and is characterized by an extreme landscape featuring several peaks ...
and ends in Himachal Pradesh again, but flows through
Ladakh
Ladakh () is a region administered by India as a union territory which constitutes a part of the larger Kashmir region and has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since 1947. (subscription required) Quote: "Jammu and ...
and
Tibet
Tibet (; ''Bรถd''; ) is a region in East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are some other ethnic groups such as Monpa people, ...
before doing so. The origin of the river is near the Parang La pass in the
Spiti subdistrict. After its circuitous journey, it joins the Spiti River near
Sumdo in Himachal Pradesh and the combined river then joins
Sutlej
The Sutlej or Satluj River () is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the historic crossroads region of Punjab in northern India and Pakistan. The Sutlej River is also known as ''Satadru''. It is the easternmost tributary of the Ind ...
.
[: "... the Para River which, after passing through a small part of Tibet, later enters Spiti and joins the Spiti River."]
Name
The name "Para River", which becomes ''Pare Chu'' in Tibetan, is based on the shepherds' ground of ''Para'' in Karab-Bargyok (in the Tibetan part of its course). In
Kinnauri
Kinnauri, also known as Kanauri, Kanor, Koonawur, Kanawari or Kunawar (Takri: ๐๐ฎ๐๐ต๐ค๐ฏ/๐๐๐ต๐ค๐ฏ/๐๐๐ต๐ค/๐๐ฑ๐๐ญ๐ฆ๐ฐ๐ค/๐๐ฐ๐๐ฆ๐ค, Tibetan:เฝเฝฒเฝเฝฝเฝขเฝฑเฝฒ), is a Sino-Tibet ...
, the river was called ''Parati''. The Tibetans and Ladakhis were more likely to call it by the name of locale above their own, as the "Rupshu river" or "Tsotso river", Tsotso being the name of the valley in West Tibet through which it flows.
Henry Strachey regarded it as the western headwater of
Sutlej River
The Sutlej or Satluj River () is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the historic crossroads region of Punjab in northern India and Pakistan. The Sutlej River is also known as ''Satadru''. It is the easternmost tributary of the Ind ...
, and called it "Rupshu Sutlej" or "Tsotso Sutlej".
Course
![Lahul-Spiti-Bashahr-Parang-River-in-a-map-of-Punjab-1907](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Lahul-Spiti-Bashahr-Parang-River-in-a-map-of-Punjab-1907.jpg)
The Parang River originates in
Spiti
Spiti (pronounced as Piti in Bhoti language) is a high-altitude region of the Himalayas, located in the north-eastern part of the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The name "Spiti" means "The middle land", i.e. the land between Tibe ...
and ends in Spiti, taking a circuitous route through
Ladakh
Ladakh () is a region administered by India as a union territory which constitutes a part of the larger Kashmir region and has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since 1947. (subscription required) Quote: "Jammu and ...
and
Ngari Khorsum
Kyide Nyimagon () (), whose original name was Khri-skyid-lding, was a member of the Yarlung dynasty of Tibet and a descendant of emperor Langdarma. He migrated to Western Tibet and founded the kingdom of Ngari Khorsum ("the three divisions o ...
(West Tibet). British geographer
Alexander Cunningham
Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham (23 January 1814 โ 28 November 1893) was a British Army engineer with the Bengal Engineer Group who later took an interest in the history and archaeology of India. In 1861, he was appointed to the newly ...
wries:
Interestingly, Spiti River flows by the Parang Pass only 10 km to its west. The Parang River joins it about 80 km downstream at
Sumdo, near the Tibet border.
Cunningham states that the Spiti and Parang rivers are roughly equal in volume. But Parang is only a "very large rushing torrent" while Spiti is very deep rapid river. After the union of the two at Sumdo (the old Chang-Razing), the combined river flows south for about , where it joins the
Sutlej
The Sutlej or Satluj River () is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the historic crossroads region of Punjab in northern India and Pakistan. The Sutlej River is also known as ''Satadru''. It is the easternmost tributary of the Ind ...
.
Notes
References
Bibliography
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*
*
* {{citation , last=Strachey , first=Henry , title=Physical Geography of Western Tibet , publisher=William Clows and Sons , location=London , date=1854 , url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeograp00stragoog , via=archive.org , ref={{sfnref, Strachey, Physical Geography of Western Tibet, 1854
External links
* Th
Para River basinmarked on OpenStreetMap.
Rivers of Himachal Pradesh
Rivers of Ladakh
Rivers of Tibet
Indus basin